Question 1

Which statement about opium is false?&#10;A) It has a long history of recreational use but has only recently been used medicinally.&#10;B) It was once a popular remedy for women, in the form of laudanum.&#10;C) It replaced alcohol as the most popular recreational drug in some cultures.&#10;D) It was given to infants and children.

Accepted Answer

Opium has been used medicinally for thousands of years, not just recently. Its use dates back to ancient civilizations, where it was used for pain relief and sedation.

Question 2

All of the following are naturally occurring opiates except&#10;A) thebaine.&#10;B) codeine.&#10;C) morphine.&#10;D) heroin.

Accepted Answer

Heroin is a semi-synthetic opioid, synthesized from morphine, a natural product found in the opium poppy. Thebaine, codeine, and morphine are all naturally occurring opiates.

Question 3

Which statement about pure opiate antagonists is false?&#10;A) They include drugs like naloxone and nalorphine.&#10;B) They are important in understanding the action of opiate analgesics.&#10;C) They can reverse the effects of an opiate overdose in approximately two hours.&#10;D) They have structures similar to opiates but produce no activity at the receptor.

Accepted Answer

Pure opiate antagonists like naloxone can reverse the effects of an opiate overdose much faster than two hours, often within minutes.

Question 4

All of the following are synthetic opiate drugs except&#10;A) fentanyl.&#10;B) propoxyphene.&#10;C) LAAM.&#10;D) codeine.

Accepted Answer

Codeine is a naturally occurring opiate derived from the opium poppy, not a synthetic opiate. The others listed are synthetic or semi-synthetic opiates.

Question 5

At low doses, opiates exert all of the following effects except&#10;A) pain relief.&#10;B) pupil dilation.&#10;C) drowsiness.&#10;D) depressed respiration.

Accepted Answer

Opiates typically cause pupil constriction (miosis), not dilation. Pain relief, drowsiness, and depressed respiration are common effects of opiates at low doses.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a larger propeptide that is broken down into smaller active opioids?&#10;A) Prodynorphin&#10;B) Proenkephalin&#10;C) Proendomorphin&#10;D) Pro-opiomelanocortin

Accepted Answer

Proendomorphin is not a recognized larger propeptide precursor for opioids. Prodynorphin, Proenkephalin, and Pro-opiomelanocortin are all precursors that are broken down into smaller active opioid peptides.

Question 7

The effects of analgesics on pain are difficult to study because&#10;A) it is impossible to obtain subjective reports of pain.&#10;B) the results depend on the specific technique being used to produce pain.&#10;C) ethical guidelines prohibit the application of painful stimuli to animals.&#10;D) humans refuse to participate in the research.

Accepted Answer

The effects of analgesics on pain can vary significantly depending on the specific technique used to produce pain in research studies, making it a challenging area to study. Different methods of inducing pain can lead to different responses to pain relief measures, influencing the outcomes of analgesic effectiveness studies.

Question 8

Both &#34;early&#34; and &#34;late&#34; pain activate the&#10;A) primary somatosensory cortex.&#10;B) anterior cingulate cortex.&#10;C) amygdala.&#10;D) secondary somatosensory cortex.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Both &#34;early&#34; and &#34;late&#34; pain activate the&#10;A)...

Question 9

Which brain area has not been implicated in the opiate withdrawal syndrome?&#10;A) PAG&#10;B) Amygdala&#10;C) Frontal cortex&#10;D) Locus coeruleus

Accepted Answer

The frontal cortex is not typically associated with opiate withdrawal syndrome, whereas the PAG, amygdala, and locus coeruleus are involved in the withdrawal process.

Question 10

Treatment programs for opiate addicts&#10;A) have shown that unassisted detoxification, or going &#34;cold turkey,&#34; is a very effective method.&#10;B) sometimes employ the opiate antagonist buprenorphine.&#10;C) typically use methadone maintenance strategies.&#10;D) have recently incorporated the use of clonidine for blocking the opiate receptors in highly motivated addicts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Treatment programs for opiate addicts&#10;A) have shown...

Question 11

Which of the following is not a reason why methadone is an effective treatment for opiate drug abuse?&#10;A) It is a long-lasting drug, producing stable blood levels throughout the day.&#10;B) It is cross-tolerant with abused opiates, so it can reduce the effects of morphine and heroin with repeated use.&#10;C) It produces no euphoria or craving when administered orally in clinics.&#10;D) It has no reinforcing effect, even if administered intravenously.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Deck 10: The Opioids