Deck 10: Intelligence, Problem-Solving, and Creativity

Question 1

Contemporary experts agree that the best definition of intelligence includes __________.

A) abstract thinking
B) mathematical ability
C) creativity
D) interpersonal skills

Answer 1

abstract thinking

Question 2

Charles Spearman's concept of the g factor states that intelligence is __________.

A) a general or overarching ability
B) a composite of unrelated traits
C) based on interpersonal dynamics
D) too ill defined to measure

Answer 2

a general or overarching ability

Question 3

Spearman's theory of intelligence was criticized early on because __________.

A) naturalistic and intrapersonal intelligence were widely misunderstood
B) interpersonal skills are not as important as math and verbal skills
C) intelligence tests do not measure all aspects of what it means to be intelligent
D) most psychologists thought the label "intelligence" was dangerous

Answer 3

intelligence tests do not measure all aspects of what it means to be intelligent

Question 4

The Feist and Rosenberg text points out that the principles of the multiple-factor theory of intelligence can best be addressed by the question __________

A) "How intelligent are you?"
B) "How are you intelligent?"
C) "What is your grade point average?"
D) "What is your present occupation?"

Question 5

According to Raymond Cattell's theory, _________________ intelligence involves raw mental ability.

A) bodily-kinesthetic
B) intrapersonal
C) crystallized
D) fluid

Question 6

According to Cattell's theory, which of the following would be categorized as fluid intelligence?

A) Karen has come up with a new theory of vision.
B) Ramon knows all the state capitals in alphabetical order.
C) Jorge can cook better than anyone else in his neighborhood.
D) all of these.

Question 7

Which of the following types of intelligence is considered culture-free?"

A) crystallized
B) fluid
C) verbal
D) interpersonal

Question 8

According to Cattell's theory, which of the following types of intelligence involves knowledge accumulated from education and experience?

A) crystallized
B) fluid
C) successful
D) triarchic

Question 9

According to Cattell's theory, which of the following would be an example of crystallized intelligence?

A) Maggie is able to solve unfamiliar math theorems.
B) Aaron can compose a beautiful piano piece in one week.
C) Jordan can easily recite the entire Declaration of Independence.
D) none of these.

Question 10

John Carroll's extension of the Cattell-Horn model of intelligence includes dimensions he labeled __________.

A) educational, experiential, and verbal intelligence
B) general, specific, and personal intelligence
C) mathematical, visuospatial, and verbal intelligence
D) general, broad, and narrow intelligence

Question 11

Using one's reasoning and wisdom to achieve what one desires is called _________ intelligence.

A) wise
B) successful
C) triarchic
D) kinesthetic

Question 12

Which of the following is not a major category of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?

A) analytic intelligence
B) practical intelligence
C) interpersonal intelligence
D) creative intelligence

Question 13

Of the three intelligences noted in Sternberg's theory, which is not measured well by traditional IQ tests?

A) creative
B) botanical
C) fluid
D) analytic

Question 14

According to Sternberg, the ability to evaluate, compare, and contrast information falls under the ____________ category of intelligence.

A) traditional
B) practical
C) creative
D) analytic

Question 15

Kay's friends say she is very "street smart." According to Sternberg's theory, Kay's intelligence would fall under the category __________.

A) fluid
B) practical
C) mechanical
D) viable

Question 16

Howard Gardner argues that there are how many distinct capacities of intelligence?

A) two
B) three
C) five
D) eight

Question 17

According to Gardner's theory, the ability to understand and work well with animals and plants is called ______________ intelligence.

A) naturalistic
B) bodily-kinesthetic
C) interpersonal
D) spatial

Question 18

Drawing upon Gardner's theory, it can be said that authors Virginia Woolf, Mark Twain, and Dr. Seuss, all masterfully skilled at using words and language, possessed _______________ intelligence.

A) musical
B) spatial
C) intrapersonal
D) linguistic

Question 19

Dr. Green, a school counselor, is good at picking up on students' emotions and intentions. Under the theory of multiple intelligences (MI), Dr. Green has which type of intelligence?

A) intrapersonal
B) interpersonal
C) spatial
D) logical-mathematical

Question 20

Daiyu is the track and field star at her college and has earned a spot on the Olympic team. Daiyu clearly possess what multiple intelligences (MI) theory calls __________.

A) crystallized intelligence
B) fluid intelligence
C) spatial intelligence
D) bodily-kinesthetic intelligence

Question 21

Abu meditates, eats well, and exercises every day. He is extremely healthy. In addition, he is very spiritual. Which type of intelligence does Abu possess under Gardner's theory?

A) intrapersonal
B) interpersonal
C) abstract
D) all of these

Question 22

Dylan is a highly decorated fighter pilot in the U.S. Air Force. According to Gardner's theory, Dylan has __________.

A) naturalistic intelligence
B) spatial intelligence
C) interpersonal intelligence
D) linguistic intelligence

Question 23

A major criticism of Gardner's theory of intelligence is that __________.

A) there are few tests of it and therefore little empirical evidence to support it
B) it is the exception to have either intrapersonal or interpersonal skills
C) very few people, if any, will possess naturalistic, musical, or bodily-kinesthetic skills
D) it leaves many realms of human intelligence and skills unaccounted for

Question 24

An educational principle based on the theory of multiple intelligences (MI) is __________.

A) students in MI programs do not need to take the standardized tests other school districts require
B) classrooms cannot contain such distractions as dancing, exercises, and art exercises
C) teachers should discourage children from participating in activities that are not the children's strengths
D) children should have some freedom to choose their own scholastic activities

Question 25

Intelligence tests were first designed to __________.

A) understand what intelligence is
B) address clinical concerns
C) highlight student achievement
D) create barriers in immigration

Question 26

The person credited with developing the first true intelligence test is __________.

A) Howard Gardner
B) Lewis Terman
C) Alfred Binet
D) Robert Sternberg

Question 27

In the measurement of intelligence, _______________ age is the chronological age at which a test-taker's score would be an average performance.

A) prodigy
B) mental
C) chronological
D) crystallized

Question 28

Corbin, who is 10 years old, took a test that shows he has a mental age of 15. According to intelligence measurement theorists, what can be concluded from this information?

A) Corbin is less intelligent than other 10-year olds.
B) Corbin is of average intelligence for his age.
C) Corbin is more intelligent than other 10-year olds.
D) Corbin is more intelligent than 15-year-olds.

Question 29

Who adopted Binet's original intelligence test for use with students in the United States, naming this adaptation the Stanford-Binet?

A) Howard Gardner
B) Robert Sternberg
C) Richard Herrnstein
D) Lewis Terman

Question 30

Currently, the intelligence test for children most widely administered in the United States is the __________.

A) Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC)
B) Mensa tests
C) Stanford-Binet 5 (SB5)
D) Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test

Question 31

A criticism of intelligence tests administered up until the 1980s is that they __________.

A) placed too great an emphasis on creativity and other highly abstract concepts
B) standardized to the average scores of middle- to upper-class students only
C) ignored the qualitatively different thinking capabilities of children and adolescents
D) overemphasized the importance of the findings of cognitive researchers

Question 32

Which of the following currently used intelligence tests was created based on neuroscientific findings?

A) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales
B) Stanford-Binet
C) Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children
D) Kaufman-Assessment Battery for Children

Question 33

Which of the following domains now tested in many intelligence assessments was largely ignored prior to 1985?

A) verbal comprehension
B) working memory
C) perceptual reasoning
D) mathematical ability

Question 34

Megan took an intelligence test at the beginning of tenth grade and took the same test at the end of tenth grade. She received a score of 116 both times. Thus, the test is said to be __________.

A) valid
B) reliable
C) fluid
D) all of these

Question 35

Elise, a native German speaker, took an intelligence test in English. She told her friends, "There were so many big words on the exam-it's like the exam was testing my English skills and not my intelligence!" Elise's argument is that the intelligence test lacked __________.

A) reliability
B) validity
C) equity
D) none of these

Question 36

Students in the afternoon math class, who are not very good with computers, took a computer-based math exam. Although the class usually earns high scores in math, they did not perform well on this test. Because their poor computer skills probably interfered with their performance on the math test, this test lacks __________.

A) construct validity
B) predictive validity
C) test-retest reliability
D) internal consistency

Question 37

Researchers develop a college entrance exam that produces scores that highly correlate with first-year college grade point averages. Thus, this exam has __________.

A) internal consistency
B) test-retest reliability
C) predictive validity
D) crystallized intelligence

Question 38

Research by Gregory (2007) showed that the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales are significantly correlated with individuals' academic class ranks in high school. Therefore, this exam has __________.

A) predictive validity
B) construct validity
C) ideational fluency
D) test fairness

Question 39

Scientists note that an IQ test that shows a test bias does not __________.

A) treat racial groups equally
B) treat men and women equally
C) predict outcomes equally well for different groups
D) all of these

Question 40

Test fairness issues arise in the ____________ of intelligence test scores.

A) construction
B) validity
C) calculation
D) application

Question 41

What percentage of intelligence test-takers' scores will fall between 85 and 115?

A) 15 percent
B) 32 percent
C) 68 percent
D) 99.7 percent

Question 42

At the high end of the normal distribution of intelligence test scores lies an extreme of intelligence known as __________.

A) mental retardation
B) giftedness
C) Down syndrome
D) adaptive behavior

Question 43

Tony has an IQ score of 68 and would therefore meet the criteria for __________.

A) giftedness
B) mild retardation
C) moderate retardation
D) profound retardation

Question 44

In terms of intelligence, adaptive behavior is defined as __________.

A) how well a person adjusts to and copes with everyday life
B) the ratio of normal to abnormal behavior someone exhibits
C) a child's mental age versus his or her chronological age
D) a person who is extremely gifted in one academic area

Question 45

Jill has three rather than two 21^st chromosomes and therefore most likely has which of the following?

A) giftedness
B) schizophrenia
C) Korsakoff's syndrome
D) Down syndrome

Question 46

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart played the piano at the age of three and composed symphonies at the age of eight. Psychologists would label him __________.

A) gifted
B) a prodigy
C) high in creative intelligence
D) all of these

Question 47

Which of the following individuals has savant syndrome?

A) Val, who is mentally retarded but can play music on the piano she has heard only once
B) Truman, who was programming and building computers by his fifth birthday
C) Maury, who at age eight earned the highest score on a difficult law school entrance exam
D) all of these

Question 48

Treffert (2006) reported that 50 percent of the world's savants have __________.

A) schizophrenia
B) autism
C) bipolar disorder
D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Question 49

Brain imaging studies of some savants show no __________.

A) medulla
B) corpus callosum
C) frontal lobes
D) thalamus

Question 50

Which of the following brain regions has been shown to be most involved in executing the tasks on intelligence tests?

A) medulla
B) insula
C) prefrontal cortex
D) pons

Question 51

Gray and Thompson (2004) showed that the frontal lobe is more involved when performing _______________ tasks as compared to performing ________________ tasks.

A) crystallized intelligence; interpersonal intelligence
B) fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence
C) crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence
D) fluid intelligence; pattern recognition

Question 52

Compared to peers who never got adopted, adopted children tend to have __________ IQ scores.

A) higher
B) similar
C) equal
D) lower

Question 53

Which of the following individuals would have IQ scores most similar to each other?

A) David and Thomas, identical twins reared apart
B) Marsha and Cindy, fraternal twins reared together
C) Ken and Theresa, fraternal twins reared apart
D) Riley and Regan, a child and mother, who live together

Question 54

Researchers speculate that about ___________ percent of the variability in intelligence among individuals is due to genetics.

A) 10
B) 40
C) 50
D) 100

Question 55

The genetically determined range in which a trait such as intelligence may fall is called the __________.

A) karyotype
B) reaction range
C) ordinal scale
D) set point

Question 56

_____________ describes the interaction of nature and nurture in facilitating the development of a trait.

A) Reaction range
B) Bell curve
C) Absolute threshold
D) Central tendency

Question 57

Which of the following, if ingested by a pregnant mother, can influence the intelligence of her child?

A) prescription drugs
B) alcohol
C) cocaine
D) all of these

Question 58

Which of the following individuals is likely to have the family's highest IQ?

A) Jan, who is the first born of three children
B) Karl, who is the third born of four children
C) Brad, who is the youngest and only boy in a family of six siblings
D) Aalyiah, who is the youngest and has two older brothers

Question 59

Psychologists have argued which of the following with respect to racial-ethnic differences in intelligence test scores?

A) They may result from biases in IQ tests.
B) They are meaningless because race is a social construct.
C) Most research is based on European Americans and is therefore not representative.
D) all of these.

Question 60

A large-scale study of the difference in intelligence between men and women showed that __________.

A) men and women are equally intelligent
B) men are more intelligent than women
C) women are more intelligent than men
D) no valid measure can be used to ascertain intelligence in both sexes

Question 61

Men's scores are more ____________ in intelligence measures than are women's scores.

A) reliable
B) variable
C) valid
D) interpretable

Question 62

Women consistently score better than do men in measures of __________.

A) social studies
B) reading comprehension
C) science
D) spatial reasoning

Question 63

Most non-Western cultures emphasize _____________ as being important aspects of intelligence.

A) verbal skills
B) mathematical skills
C) social skills
D) spatial skills

Question 64

Judy is trying to figure out how to set up her digital cable receiver, TV, and DVD player to function together. She plugs various wires into various jacks, and after some trial and error finally gets everything to work. Judy has demonstrated __________.

A) action potential
B) behavior modification
C) convergent thinking
D) divergent thinking

Question 65

Greta meets with the election committee to come up with strategies for recruiting the study body to vote in the upcoming student government elections. Greta and her colleagues generate a few ideas, such as free pins and free cupcakes for voters. Greta and her group are actively working on a __________.

A) divergent thinking problem
B) convergent thinking problem
C) projective technique
D) all of these

Question 66

A formula that guarantees a solution to a problem is called __________.

A) an availability heuristic
B) a representativeness heuristic
C) an algorithm
D) a mental set

Question 67

Andy is sure that tightening some wires in the ignition will allow his car to start. Lee tells Andy that he doesn't think the ignition is the problem, but Andy tells Lee that this is what usually makes the car start when it is having problems. Andy is operating by __________.

A) convergent thinking
B) divergent thinking
C) a mental set
D) a reaction range

Question 68

Betsy was brushing her teeth when she suddenly realized the

A) transferences
B) degrees of freedom
C) predictive validity
D) a Eureka insight

Question 69

The inability to break out of a particular mindset to solve a problem is called __________.

A) fixation
B) nondeclarative memory
C) compulsion
D) cohort effect

Question 70

A problem-solving strategy that students in school might learn is __________.

A) a heuristic
B) an algorithm
C) an insight
D) all of these

Question 71

Arlene is at work and the back of one of her earrings falls off and gets lost. She is depressed because she bought these earrings especially to match the outfit she is wearing. She doesn't realize that she can use the eraser from a pencil to secure the earring on her ear. Arlene is demonstrating __________.

A) Eureka insight
B) functional fixedness
C) narrow intelligence
D) crystallized intelligence

Question 72

Schizophrenics may speak or write in a convoluted manner, using words and sentences with no meaning, or what psychologists call __________.

A) word salad
B) mental retardation
C) psychobabble
D) reaction formation

Question 73

According to the Feist and Rosenberg text, for an idea to be considered creative it must __________.

A) come from a genius
B) be alarmingly unusual
C) solve a problem
D) none of these

Question 74

Georges has uncovered some puzzling new data in his psychology experiment. He decides to put it away for a while and work on something else, noting that he will return to these data later. The stage of creative problem solving Georges is in is called __________.

A) verification-elaboration
B) preparation
C) insight
D) incubation

Question 75

The first stage of creative problem solving is called __________.

A) incubation
B) elaboration
C) preparation
D) demonstration

Question 76

High intelligence that leads to tremendous, influential accomplishments is called __________.

A) high IQ
B) genius
C) giftedness
D) savant syndrome

Question 77

With respect to intelligence and creativity, research has shown which of the following to be true?
IQ scores are __________.

A) totally unrelated to creativity
B) only weakly correlated with creativity
C) very strongly correlated with creativity
D) perfectly correlated with creativity

Question 78

Neuroimaging research shows that insight solutions are more often processed in which of the following brain regions?

A) right hemisphere
B) left hemisphere
C) corpus callosum
D) brain stem

Question 79

Neuroscientific research into the process of creativity has shown that as compared to noncreative people, creative people experience __________.

A) almost all neural activity in their right hemispheres
B) almost all neural activity in their left hemispheres
C) more balanced activity between their cerebral hemispheres
D) no activity in their frontal cortexes

Question 80

The ability to generate many solutions to a given problem is called __________.

A) ideational fluency
B) visual imagery
C) mental set
D) functional fixedness