Deck 3: Minerals-The Building Blocks of Rocks

Question 1

The United States and Canada owe much of their economic success to their abundant supply of mineral resources.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Gems are found in nature and rarely need to be modified to make them ready for jewelry.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Diamond is the only naturally-occurring mineral that scratches glass.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Isotopes of a given element vary in their number of neutrons but not in their number of protons.

Question 5

Radicals are groups of tightly-bonded atoms that behave as a single element.

Question 6

Minerals are crystalline solids but may not exhibit well-formed crystals.

Question 7

Quartz is a single chain tetrahedra silicate.

Question 8

Glass can only be scratched by a diamond.

Question 9

Nonferromagnesian minerals tend to have a light color.

Question 10

Quartz cannot be manufactured synthetically.

Question 11

Minerals originate from crystallization from

A) molten magma
B) hydrothermal solutions
C) seawater
D) chemical alteration of pre-existing minerals
E) all of the above

Question 12

Ferromagnesian silicates are most common in which group of rock types?

A) sedimentary and metamorphic
B) igneous and metamorphic
C) sedimentary and igneous
D) plutonic and volcanic
E) none of the above

Question 13

Nonferromagnesian minerals are common in which rock type(s)?

A) igneous
B) sedimentary
C) metamorphic
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 14

Which of the following is a common nonferromagnesian silicate mineral?

A) quartz
B) clay minerals
C) muscovite
D) feldspar
E) all of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is a common ferromagnesian mineral?

A) augite
B) calcite
C) dolomite
D) dark colored feldspar
E) all of the above

Question 16

Which of the following is a renewable resource?

A) natural gas
B) gravel
C) wood
D) uranium
E) coal

Question 17

For minerals classified within any one silicate group, which of the following is true?

A) they have similar physical properties
B) they have similar arrangements of silicate tetrahedra
C) they have similar chemical compositions
D) they have similar bonds
E) none of the above

Question 18

Relative to ferromagnesium silicates, which of the following is true of non-ferromagnesium silicates?

A) they are lighter in color
B) they have the same silicate mineral groups
C) they contain Si, O, and OH, but no Fe or Mg
D) A and B
E) A and C
F) A, B, and C

Question 19

Cleavage occurs if the mineral has

A) weak bonds
B) planes along which bonds are aligned
C) original crystal form at the time of origin
D) glassy, non-metallic luster

Question 20

The specific gravity of mineral depends on

A) the size of the sample
B) whether it is metallic
C) water content
D) A and B
E) B and C

Question 21

Atoms consist of a compact central part called ___________the , which is composed of particles called ___________and___________ . This central part is encircled by negatively charged particles called___________ .

Question 22

The chemical formula KAIS 0 means that the mineral orthoclase is composed of one atom of K and oneof AI for every^{3 8} ___________of Si and___________of O.

Question 23

The two most common nonsilicate rock-forming minerals are___________ and___________.

Question 24

Charged groups of different atoms are known as___________ .

Question 25

Describe the relation between crystal structure and cleavage directions using two or more mineral examples.

Question 26

Describe the ways in which silicate structure and mineral composition controls the different physical properties of minerals.

Question 27

Why isn't earth matter randomly distributed? What "rules"govern combinations of matter such that they can be defined and classified into the different mineral groups?

Question 28

What is the societal impact or significance of mineralogy and mineral classification?

Question 29

What is the chance that geologists have discovered or will discover all minerals present in Earth?

Question 30

What special properties or powers distinguish gemstones from other minerals?

Question 31

How are the facets of diamonds created?

Question 32

Define the term mineral.

Question 33

Define the term "rock".

Question 34

Explain how covalent bonding can occur between atoms of the same element.

Question 35

How do various isotopes of an element differ from each other?

Question 36

Name the two types of bonding which are most important in minerals.

Question 37

Name the two types of bonding which are less important, but are found in some minerals:

Question 38

Explain how covalent and ionic bonding result in compounds with properties similar to noble gases.

Question 39

What is the significance to human beings of the fact that so few chemical elements are relatively abundant in Earth's crust?

Question 40

Mineral groups are recognized or distinguished by what property or characteristic?

Question 41

How are members of the carbonate mineral group different from the silicate mineral group?

Question 42

Provide an example of a radical (in the chemical sense) and the elements that comprise it.

Question 43

Why has gold been prized so highly by humans?

Question 44

What are the five countries which lead in the production of gold, listed in decreasing order of importance?

Question 45

Which industry has traditionally used the most silver in North America?

Question 46

Distinguish between a crystalline solid and a crystal.

Question 47

Besides having higher specific gravities, how do ferromagnesian minerals usually differ from nonferromagnesian minerals?

Question 48

Why is quartz so common?

Question 49

What are some of the ways in which quartz is used?

Question 50

Why is quartz used in the watch industry?

Question 51

How are calcium carbonate minerals, such as calcite and aragonite, formed?

Question 52

Can a rock be composed of a single mineral? Explain.

Question 53

Define a resource.

Question 54

Name three of the most common silicate rock-forming minerals.