Deck 4: Early Literacy: From Birth to School

Question 1

Young children develop as early readers and writers from birth as they progress from transitional reading to awareness and exploration.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Research shows reading aloud to children is an important activity for building the knowledge and skills they need to become successful readers.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Invented spellings signal to parents and teachers that children are beginning to analyze speech sounds in print.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Providing students opportunities to explore written language with paper and pencil helps them to form expectations that print is meaningful.

Question 5

In an environment that promotes literacy development, risk-taking is not an important factor.

Question 6

In order to develop reading and writing in an early childhood program it is important to incorporate all the following literacy principles EXCEPT which principle?

A) Children's development in early reading and writing fall along a continuum.
B) Developmentally appropriate activities should be purposeful and meaningful.
C) Language experiences provide the foundation for learning to read and write.
D) Listening, viewing, and writing should be mutually exclusive activities.

Question 7

The phase of literacy development when young children enjoy being read to and begin to engage in sustained reading and writing activities is the

A) experimental reading and writing phase.
B) awareness and exploration phase.
C) early reading and writing phase.
D) transitional reading and writing phase.

Question 8

Which literacy development phase marks the time when children become curious about print and print-related activities?

A) Early Reading and Writing Phase
B) Awareness and Exploration Phase
C) Experimental Reading and Writing Phase
D) Transitional Reading and Writing Phase

Question 9

The phase of literacy development when children extend and refine their literacy skills and strategies in increasingly more sophisticated ways is the

A) Early Reading and Writing Phase.
B) Transitional Reading and Writing Phase.
C) Independent and Productive Reading and Writing Phase.
D) Experimental Reading and Writing Phase.

Question 10

In which of the following locations would children encounter environmental print?

A) A fast-food restaurant
B) A library
C) A bookstore
D) All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a typical activity in a literate environment?

A) An adult reading aloud
B) Children asking questions
C) Children scribbling, drawing, and writing
D) Children working quietly in their seats, completing work sheets

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of the "essentials for families" to use when trying to motivate young children to become better readers?

A) Visualizing
B) Singing
C) Playing
D) Writing

Question 13

________ scribbling is characterized by systematic, repeated marks such as circles, vertical lines, dots, and squares.

A) Controlled
B) Early
C) Name
D) Random

Question 14

Children who have mastered letter-sound correspondence may use ________ spelling.

A) scribble
B) conventional
C) transitional
D) invented

Question 15

Which of the following is least likely to be in a literate environment?

A) Warm, accepting atmosphere
B) Various reading material
C) Sets of sequential activities
D) Paper, pencils, journals

Question 16

When teachers assume a role in children's play where they are directive and model specific behaviors, they are taking on the ________ role.

A) onlooker
B) stage manager
C) leader
D) co-player

Question 17

When designing a ________ consider the setting, location, and props.

A) unit
B) literacy play center
C) course of study
D) drama center

Question 18

Beginning readers benefit from developmentally appropriate practices that are

A) home-centered.
B) language-centered.
C) play-centered.
D) All of the above

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT considered a language experience activity?

A) Art projects
B) Song and dance
C) Dramatic plays
D) Picture story sequence

Question 20

Which of the following is one of the most important contributing factors in the learning environment of early readers?

A) Dramatic play activities
B) Reading aloud to children
C) Silent reading
D) Writing in reading journals

Question 21

Kate is three and loves to be read to. At preschool, she picks up an unfamiliar book, opens it to the end, points to the text, and begins to "pretend read" the story. These behaviors suggest that Kate most likely

A) has well-developed book-handling skills.
B) knows where individual words begin and end.
C) has developed an understanding that print carries meaning.
D) understands the concept of print directionality.

Question 22

During writing time at preschool Xander drew a stick figure and made some unintelligible scribbles around it. When he showed it to his teacher, he pointed to the scribbles and says, "This says 'I love mommy.'" This behavior suggests Xander most likely

A) is ready to learn the concept of letter-sound correspondence.
B) is beginning to develop awareness that words are made of distinct phonemes.
C) has a basic understanding of the alphabetic principle.
D) has grasped the idea that the function of print is distinct from that of pictures.

Question 23

At the end of each school day Miss Thomas, a preschool teacher, asks the children to talk about what they did that day at school. As the children describe each event, she writes it on large chart and then reads it back to the class. This is a good literacy activity because it primarily promotes their

A) basic understanding of the alphabetic principle.
B) awareness that speech can be represented by writing.
C) basic understanding of word boundaries.
D) awareness of the relationship between syllables and the spoken word.

Question 24

Mr. Berg's kindergarten classroom has labels on key objects in the classroom, posters that include words and captions, and a big book on display for the children's use. This kind of classroom environment is most likely to help promote children's

A) recognition that words are composed of separate sounds.
B) recognition of high-frequency sight words.
C) development of automaticity in word recognition.
D) development of an awareness of print.

Question 25

While reading a big book to his preschool class Mr. Raymond holds the book so the children can see the words and pictures while his finger follows the line of print. This activity would contribute to the children's reading development primarily by

A) promoting their development of letter recognition skills.
B) helping them recognize phonemes that occur frequently in print.
C) developing their awareness of left-to-right directionality.
D) promoting their understanding of letter-sound correspondence.

Question 26

Which of the following strategies would be most effective in promoting
Preschool children's ability to recognize and name letters of the alphabet?

A) The teacher says the name of a letter while the children each trace its shape on a cutout letter.
B) The teacher posts the entire alphabet around the room in several different formats.
C) The teacher reads aloud to the children from books that contain mostly words that follow regular phonics patterns.
D) The teacher emphasizes the initial sounds of words when reading to the children.

Question 27

The value of exposing young children to environmental print is that it

A) introduces children to the idea that print carries a message.
B) helps children learn to decode.
C) helps children make sense of their world.
D) introduces children to the world of consumerism.

Question 28

A first-year teacher asks you how she should model directionality and one-to-one word matching. You tell her she should be

A) using a regular library or classroom textbook.
B) using her own personal reading book.
C) using a big book.
D) using book talk.

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT one of the best predictors of later success in literacy achievement as confirmed by the Early National Literacy Panel?

A) Alphabetic principle
B) Alphabet knowledge
C) Phonological awareness
D) Oral language

Question 30

The Language Experience Approach (LEA) is an activity that directly connects what?

A) Oral and written language
B) Listening and oral language
C) Written and listening language
D) Listening and written language

Question 31

At what stage of literacy development do parents play a role, and at what stage do teachers influence a child's literacy development?

Question 32

Imagine you are a first grade teacher and you receive a phone call from a mother who is concerned about all of the spelling errors in a story that her son recently wrote at school. Describe how you would explain the use of invented spelling and why you encourage it in your classroom.

Question 33

Parent-child activities extend children's interest in knowledge about written language by providing opportunities for meaningful, functional writing activities. Create a list of "Do's and Don'ts" for parents to follow when they are developing and participating in writing activities.

Question 34

You have established a play-centered kindergarten environment. Parents complain that they sent their children to school to learn and not play. How will you respond? Discuss.

Question 35

Compare and contrast shared reading and repeated readings.