Deck 1: Introduction to the Basics of Pathophysiology

Question 1

Which pathophysiological concept should the nurse consider when developing a plan of care for a patient with myocardial ischemia?

A) There is a decrease in the amount of oxygen and glucose reaching the myocardium.
B) There is a lack of oxygen reaching the myocardium, but the supply of glucose is adequate.
C) There is a lack of glucose reaching the myocardium, but the supply of oxygen is adequate.
D) There is a complete lack of both oxygen and glucose reaching the myocardium.

Answer 1

There is a decrease in the amount of oxygen and glucose reaching the myocardium.

Question 2

The nurse is assessing a patient's risk factors for disease at an annual physical examination. Which question would the nurse ask to assess lifestyle risk factors?

A) "Does your neighborhood have parks and sidewalks?"
B) "Tell me about the health of your parents."
C) "What is the highest level of education that you completed?"
D) "How would you describe your diet?"

Answer 2

"How would you describe your diet?"

Question 3

The occupational health nurse is assessing a manufacturing plant for chemical agents that may cause disease in the employees. The nurse should be alert for:

A) stress levels.
B) helminths.
C) radiation.
D) lead.

Answer 3

lead.

Question 4

A patient has been diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The nurse explains to the patient that idiopathic means:

A) the disease is inherited.
B) the cause is unknown.
C) it was caused by an error in care.
D) the disease is secondary to another illness.

Question 5

The nurse is documenting the assessment findings from a patient being seen in the clinic. Which of the following does the nurse document as a subjective finding?

A) Nausea
B) Breath sounds
C) Fever
D) Skin color

Question 6

How should the nurse respond when a patient asks the difference between acute and chronic hip pain?

A) "An acute illness develops over a longer period of time than a chronic one."
B) "A chronic illness is more serious than an acute illness."
C) "A chronic illness is enduring while an acute illness is short term."
D) "A chronic illness is life threatening while an acute illness is not."

Question 7

A nurse researcher involved in epigenomics is studying:

A) the role of specific genes.
B) the function of groups of genes in mediating physiologic function.
C) genetic variations and modifications that influence a particular cell.
D) the origin of the structural and functional events leading to disease.

Question 8

When planning a program to educate the community about healthy nutrition, the community health nurse should tell adults to consume:

A) 100% of grain intake as whole grains.
B) at least 3.5 cups of fruits and vegetables each day.
C) more highly pigmented fruits and vegetables.
D) 3 to 5 servings of dairy each day.

Question 9

When developing a care plan to teach a patient with hypertension about sodium intake, the nurse should include limiting sodium intake to:

A) 2,300-2,500 mg/day.
B) 2,000-2,300 mg/day.
C) 1,500-2,000 mg/day.
D) less than 1,500 mg/day.

Question 10

Which of the following statements describes the role of a nurse involved in epidemiology?

A) The nurse studies an individual's risk for disease.
B) The nurse provides care to individuals with certain diseases.
C) The nurse studies the distribution of disease in a population.
D) The nurse provides care to a population.

Question 11

Which statement represents the epidemiology nurse's calculation of the incidence of asthma?

A) There were 10 new cases of asthma diagnosed in adults ages 24 to 65 years in the past 12 months in Centerville.
B) There were a total of 3,600 people with a diagnosis of diabetes in Centerville in 2015.
C) There were 2 people diagnosed with Lyme disease in Centerville last year.
D) There were 20 cases of opioid overdose in adults ages 18 to 24 years in Centerville.

Question 12

In developing a plan for teaching community health nurses about the role of the nurse in epidemiology, the epidemiology nurse should include:

A) diagnosing the cause of a disease.
B) treating the disease.
C) evaluating therapeutic measures.
D) reducing risk factors for disease.

Question 13

When planning community health promotion and prevention programs, the nurse should be aware that the leading cause of death in the United States is:

A) accidents.
B) suicide.
C) heart disease.
D) cancer.

Question 14

Which information about risk factors should the school nurse use when developing a program to reduce modifiable risk factors in high school students?

A) Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder.
B) Heart disease develops at an earlier age in men.
C) Many high school students do not get enough physical activity.
D) Certain ethnic variables increase the risk for chronic disease.

Question 15

A woman with type 1 diabetes is being seen for her first prenatal examination. Which information should the nurse include in the woman's care plan?

A) Teaching the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia
B) Explaining the fetal risk of microsomia
C) Discussing symptoms of placental abruption to report
D) Reinforcing that there will be no risk to the fetus

Question 16

A nurse working on a busy medical unit has noticed an increase in the incidence of pressure ulcers in the patient population. Which action demonstrates the principles of evidence-based practice (EBP)?

A) Reviewing the literature for current best evidence pressure ulcer prevention
B) Reviewing the literature for informational articles on best methods to prevent pressure ulcers
C) Reviewing hospital policy and procedures to make sure they are being followed correctly
D) Reviewing patient charts to audit nursing interventions to prevent pressure ulcers

Question 17

Which action by the nurse shows an understanding of integrating evidence-based principles into practice?

A) Creating a care plan and then presenting it to the patient
B) Making the best decisions for the patient
C) Seeking patient preferences about his care
D) Providing written information explaining the patient's care

Question 18

When developing a care plan for a patient with asthma, the nurse needs to understand which pathophysiological subconcept?

A) Infection
B) Coagulation
C) Inflammation
D) Perfusion

Question 19

When the nurse teaches parents how transmitting the sickle cell trait to offspring influences the development of sickle cell disease, the nurse is applying principles of:

A) genomics.
B) genetics.
C) epigenomics.
D) gene.

Question 20

The nurse is reviewing literature to determine the death rate due to cardiovascular disease in the United States. The nurse understands that the information he is seeking indicates:

A) morbidity.
B) mortality.
C) disability-adjusted life-years.
D) prevalence.