Deck 12: Health, Stress, and Coping

Question 1

Which area of psychology studies how behavioural principles can be used to prevent illness and promote health?

A) social psychology
B) developmental psychology
C) health psychology
D) forensic psychology

Answer 1

health psychology

Question 2

Dr. Gerschivin uses behavioural medicine to explain how psychological factors influence the health, type of illness, and treatments for her clients. What kind of psychologist is Dr. Gerschivin?

A) a developmental psychologist
B) a health psychologist
C) a forensic psychologist
D) a social psychologist

Answer 2

a health psychologist

Question 3

Dawn is a psychologist who helps patients manage chronic medical conditions, control pain, and cope with stress-related illnesses. Which of the following areas does Dawn work in?

A) psycho endocrinology
B) bioneuropsychology
C) psychoneuroimmunology
D) behavioural medicine

Answer 3

behavioural medicine

Question 4

Sean, a graduate student in psychology, has decided on a career that involves applying psychological knowledge to medical problems. Which field has he chosen to work in?

A) behavioural medicine
B) medical psychology
C) neurophysiology
D) psycho neurology

Question 5

Which of the following is characteristic of the disease-prone personality type?

A) mild depression
B) schizophrenia
C) optimism
D) hostility

Question 6

Which of the following do "life skills training" practices include?

A) an increased workload
B) improving close relationships
C) avoiding making difficult decisions
D) self-control

Question 7

What do we call programs that include practice in stress reduction, self-protection, decision making, self-control, and social skills?

A) health campaigns
B) refusal skills training
C) community health campaigns
D) life skills training

Question 8

What do we call programs that teach young children how to respond to pressures from peers, such as the pressure to smoke?

A) health campaigns
B) refusal skills training
C) learned helplessness
D) mastery training

Question 9

Which of the following is a behavioural risk factor?

A) safe sexual behaviour
B) being pessimistic
C) marathon running
D) high stress levels

Question 10

What do adults who are compassionate, resourceful, optimistic, and non-hostile tend to have?

A) good health
B) stress-free occupations
C) more sexual partners
D) more successful children

Question 11

When we interpret a situation as threatening but do not have the resources to handle it, which of the following is most likely to occur?

A) pessimism
B) psychosis
C) stress
D) challenge

Question 12

David and Maria are experiencing a negative emotional state in response to the taxing demands of being jobless and homeless, which reduces their ability to cope. Which negative state are they experiencing?

A) dissonance
B) conflict
C) stress
D) appraisal

Question 13

When we interpret a situation as threatening but do not feel equipped to handle the situation, what do we experience?

A) psychosis
B) stress
C) burnout
D) conflict

Question 14

Hans Selye was one of the first researchers to show that stress can cause which of the following?

A) physical symptoms
B) post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
C) frustration
D) hypochondria

Question 15

Which of the following describes the body's reaction to stressful situations as a series of three stages?

A) mind-body connection
B) locus of control
C) general adaptation syndrome
D) Selye's method of adaptation

Question 16

Danielle, a single mother raising three children on a limited income, has become "stressed out" to the point that she has developed an ulcer. According to the general adaptation syndrome, what stage is Danielle in?

A) resistance
B) exhaustion
C) alarm
D) degeneration

Question 17

Just before he is to give a speech, Hank feels his heart rate accelerating and his stomach muscles tightening. What stage of the general adaptation syndrome is Hank in?

A) alarm
B) resistance
C) exhaustion
D) primary

Question 18

How does pressure relate to the entire concept of stress?

A) It is a basic element of stress.
B) It is the same thing as stress.
C) People can feel pressured without also feeling stressed.
D) Pressure is caused internally whereas stress is caused externally.

Question 19

What makes law enforcement particularly stressful?

A) the high number of approach-avoidance conflicts that officers are forced to face
B) the inability of the officers to legally use defence mechanisms
C) the unpredictable nature of the work
D) the large number of non-social external obstacles

Question 20

What does the degree of experienced stress most depend upon?

A) how a situation is perceived
B) whether or not the somatic nervous system is involved
C) having a Type A personality
D) the objective intensity of the threat

Question 21

Which of the following is likely to be most stressful?

A) unpredictable events that we have little individual control over
B) unpredictable events that we have individual control over
C) predictable events that we have little individual control over
D) predictable events that we have individual control over

Question 22

What do we call our initial, subjective evaluation of a situation?

A) metacognition
B) personal evaluation
C) primary appraisal
D) secondary appraisal

Question 23

When do we attempt to answer the question "Am I okay or in trouble"?

A) when making negative self-statements
B) when making coping statements
C) when making a primary appraisal
D) when making a secondary appraisal

Question 24

Holly is meeting her fiancé's family for the first time. If she steers this occasion into a stressor, which of the following is likely responsible?

A) secondary appraisal
B) primary appraisal
C) metacognition
D) biofeedback

Question 25

According to stress researchers, what is the most basic cause of stress?

A) disruption in personal relationships
B) negative emotions
C) negative primary appraisals
D) change

Question 26

What do we call the time during which we choose a way to react to a threat?

A) primary appraisal
B) kinesics
C) secondary appraisal
D) psychosis

Question 27

When we evaluate whether a stressor presents a challenge or threat, what are we engaging in?

A) primary appraisal
B) secondary appraisal
C) primary coping
D) secondary coping

Question 28

In which stage of emotional adjustment do we decide whether or not a situation is threatening?

A) the secondary appraisal stage
B) the threat assessment stage
C) the primary appraisal stage
D) the personal control stage

Question 29

What is the first step in experiencing stress?

A) appraisal
B) fear
C) threat
D) flight

Question 30

Depersonalization or detachment from others, especially from our co-workers, is a symptom of which of the following?

A) stress
B) burnout
C) severe depression
D) emotion-focused coping

Question 31

Boyd is feeling emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. What is he most likely experiencing?

A) grief following death or disaster
B) unemployment
C) job burnout
D) sensory deprivation

Question 32

In the textbook, what is suggested as a solution to the problem of burnout within various occupations?

A) offering employee exercise classes
B) building a social support system among employees
C) retraining employees for work in other job areas in which stress is kept to a minimum
D) avoiding telling the public of work-related stress

Question 33

Which of the following is primarily aimed at directly changing or managing a threatening or harmful stressor?

A) problem-focused coping
B) wishful thinking
C) emotion-focused coping
D) escape-avoidance

Question 34

When Robert realized his company was on the verge of folding, he began sending out his résumé to various companies in an attempt to remain gainfully employed. What does this example illustrate?

A) emotion-focused coping
B) distancing
C) problem-focused coping
D) wishful thinking

Question 35

Which technique is primarily aimed at relieving or regulating the emotional impact of a stressful situation?

A) problem-focused coping
B) approach-avoidance
C) wishful thinking
D) emotion-focused coping

Question 36

Whenever Janerol has a difficult situation to deal with, she uses humour and a care-free attitude. What does this coping strategy illustrate?

A) problem-focused coping
B) escape avoidance
C) wishful thinking
D) emotion-focused coping

Question 37

Cheryl and Ann both failed their chemistry exam, so they decided that rather than moping about it they should go shopping. What does this illustrate?

A) metacognition
B) emotion-focused coping
C) problem-focused coping
D) structural coping

Question 38

What is frustration?

A) a negative emotional state that occurs when feelings of anger or aggression are displaced
B) a negative emotional state that occurs when one is attracted to two or more mutually exclusive goals
C) a negative emotional state that occurs when mixed positive and negative emotional states occur
D) a negative emotional state that occurs when one is prevented from reaching a goal

Question 39

Trenton's fourth attempt at applying for a small business loan has been rejected, as all the needed requirements had not been met. What is Trenton likely experiencing?

A) external frustration
B) avoidance conflict
C) burnout
D) personal frustration

Question 40

What is likely to occur when we try to reach a goal but our efforts are blocked because of personal, social, or environmental limitations?

A) frustration
B) anxiety
C) burnout
D) avoidance

Question 41

Hannah says, "It never fails; as soon as I think things are moving smoothly, something prevents me from getting ahead." As a situational stressor, what is Hannah experiencing?

A) burnout
B) anger
C) frustration
D) conflict

Question 42

Which of the following is an example of personal frustration?

A) Traffic delays Jim on the way to an important test.
B) Sally wants to be a lawyer but is a D student.
C) Judy must choose between two desirable colleges.
D) Jack's paycheque is delayed in the mail.

Question 43

Frustration and conflict are principal causes of which of the following?

A) threat
B) projection
C) depression
D) stress

Question 44

If you fail a test and then insult the person next to you, what type of aggression are you showing?

A) suppressed aggression
B) displaced aggression
C) projected aggression
D) repressed aggression

Question 45

Fred's goal is to become a medical doctor. If he fails to make the grades and gain acceptance into medical school, which of the following would be the source of his frustration?

A) external frustration
B) personal frustration
C) internal frustration
D) interpersonal frustration

Question 46

What is a common response to frustration?

A) depression
B) regression
C) repression
D) aggression

Question 47

When aggression is directed at a target other than the source of frustration, what type of aggression is it?

A) repressed aggression
B) cognitive dissonant aggression
C) displaced aggression
D) sublimated aggression

Question 48

According to psychologists, what may be a contributor to violence, including school violence?

A) dissociation
B) compensation
C) displaced aggression
D) suppressed aggression

Question 49

When Jacob's boss angered him, rather than telling his boss off, Jacob took his anger out on fellow motorists. What is his behaviour an example of?

A) regression
B) sublimation
C) displaced aggression
D) persistence

Question 50

When we transfer our anger and frustration from the initial source onto a less dangerous object or person, what are we engaging in?

A) reaction formation
B) displacement
C) sublimation
D) projection

Question 51

Which of the following is a response to frustration that refers to repeated, more vigorous efforts and more variable responding?

A) repression
B) persistence
C) displacement
D) cognitive dissonance

Question 52

According to the textbook, which of the following is a common response to frustration?

A) aggression
B) atonement
C) becoming more extroverted
D) empathy

Question 53

Living in a very unhappy marriage and about to be indicted for fraud at his place of business, George left the country as quickly as possible. What is his behaviour an example of?

A) displaced aggression
B) double-approach conflict
C) cognitive dissonance
D) escape or withdrawal

Question 54

What do we call the habitual redirection of aggression to a person or a group?

A) dissociation
B) projection
C) scapegoating
D) sublimation

Question 55

Shane, a business owner, is frustrated by high taxes and blames his employees. What is Shane's behaviour an example of?

A) conflict
B) compensation
C) scapegoating
D) sublimation

Question 56

When we must choose between two opposing goals, what do we experience?

A) motivation
B) hardiness
C) conflict
D) physical illness

Question 57

Simone must make a decision to attend medical school and become separated from her husband and children, or to remain a stay-at-home mother. Which of the following does her difficulty in deciding illustrate?

A) a frustration
B) a conflict
C) sublimation
D) an obstacle

Question 58

What is it called when we are required to choose between two desirable alternatives?

A) approach-avoidance conflict
B) approach-approach conflict
C) avoidance-avoidance conflict
D) ambivalent-frustration conflict

Question 59

Which type of conflict is generally the easiest to resolve?

A) external conflict
B) approach-approach conflict
C) avoidance-avoidance conflict
D) personal conflict

Question 60

Danielle is going through a divorce and recently found out that she's pregnant. She's faced with deciding whether or not she should have an abortion. Which type of conflict is she experiencing?

A) approach-approach conflict
B) avoidance conflict
C) approach-avoidance conflict
D) avoidance-avoidance conflict

Question 61

If you must choose between two negative alternatives, which type of conflict are you facing?

A) approach-avoidance conflict
B) approach-approach conflict
C) avoidance-avoidance conflict
D) stereotypical response conflict

Question 62

As Miranda's company is downsizing, she was given the choice of relocating or being terminated from her position. She does not want to do either. What type of conflict is she facing?

A) approach-avoidance
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-approach
D) dual conflict

Question 63

Greg said, "I can't decide if I want the steak or fish platter because they both are delicious." Which type of conflict is Greg experiencing?

A) approach-approach conflict
B) approach-avoidance conflict
C) avoidance-avoidance conflict
D) ambivalence

Question 64

Rita desperately wants to attend the jazz concert in the park, but she also wants to attend her best friend's wedding. What kind of conflict does she have?

A) approach-approach conflict
B) approach-avoidance conflict
C) avoidance-avoidance conflict
D) ambivalent-frustration conflict

Question 65

Which of the following is ambivalence associated with?

A) avoidance
B) approach-avoidance conflict
C) defence mechanisms
D) adaptation conflict

Question 66

Vacillation is a frequent reaction to which of the following?

A) approach conflicts
B) avoidance conflicts
C) double approach-avoidance conflicts
D) negative motions

Question 67

Joleen loves desserts, but is on a diet. When offered a dessert, what type of conflict will she likely experience?

A) approach-approach conflict
B) approach-avoidance conflict
C) avoidance-avoidance conflict
D) ambivalent-frustration conflict

Question 68

Sandra desperately wants to join her friends on a European excursion, but she has been saving and pinching pennies for a new home. What kind of conflict does she have?

A) approach-approach conflict
B) approach-avoidance conflict
C) avoidance-avoidance conflict
D) ambivalent-frustration conflict

Question 69

Which of the following conflicts is most like those we encounter in everyday life?

A) double frustration-avoidance conflict
B) partial avoidance conflict
C) double ambivalent-avoidance conflict
D) multiple approach-avoidance conflict

Question 70

What is the basic function of defence mechanisms?

A) escape
B) anxiety reduction
C) integration
D) compensation

Question 71

Which mental process is used to reduce or avoid anxiety or the awareness of something unpleasant?

A) compensation
B) a defence mechanism
C) fear
D) self-deception

Question 72

Who stated that we employ defence mechanisms to avoid or reduce anxiety?

A) Carl Rogers
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Erik Erikson

Question 73

Which defence mechanism is used when we refuse to recognize an anxiety-provoking event or information?

A) denial
B) sublimation
C) rationalization
D) displacement

Question 74

Jessica witnessed a horrific murder, but cannot remember any of it. Why is Jessica unable to recall this traumatic event?

A) She is experiencing denial.
B) She is experiencing projection.
C) She is experiencing repression.
D) She is experiencing sublimation.

Question 75

When an anxiety-producing experience is pushed into the unconscious, what is occurring?

A) repression
B) projection
C) denial
D) sublimation

Question 76

In what defence mechanism do people engage in exaggerated behaviour that is opposite to their true feelings?

A) projection
B) repression
C) reaction formation
D) denial

Question 77

Elizabeth has a crush on Jason. When her friends confront her, she goes overboard trying to deny the attraction. Which defence mechanism describes this behaviour?

A) sublimation
B) reaction formation
C) repression
D) rationalization

Question 78

Vera is sexually frustrated and believes that sex is evil. When she interprets the innocent gestures of others as sexual advances, which defence mechanism is she using?

A) projection
B) denial
C) reaction formation
D) repression

Question 79

When we attribute unacceptable feelings to others, what defence mechanism are we using?

A) reaction formation
B) denial
C) projection
D) sublimation

Question 80

Susan, who is in university, is under a lot of stress. She cries and has major temper tantrums, and then goes home to her parents for comfort. What is her behaviour an example of?

A) regression
B) reaction formation
C) displacement
D) withdrawal