Deck 4: Sensation and Perception

Question 1

Which view states that the visual system selects, analyzes, and filters information until only the most important information remains?

A) the photoreception theory
B) the data reduction system
C) the retinal disparity theory
D) the trichromatic theory

Answer 1

the data reduction system

Question 2

The ear changes sound waves into impulses, and the eye changes light waves into impulses. This fact suggests that our sensory systems are which of the following?

A) preceptors
B) transducers
C) receivers
D) adaptations

Answer 2

transducers

Question 3

What does sensory analysis divide the world into?

A) important accommodations
B) important perceptual features
C) important transducers
D) important accommodation potentials

Answer 3

important perceptual features

Question 4

Regarding vision, what do we call the basic elements such as lines, shapes, edges, spots, and colours?

A) spectrums
B) perceptual features
C) feature transducers
D) phosphenes

Question 5

The fact that dogs are capable of hearing high-pitched sounds that humans cannot shows how animals and humans pick up very specific sensory patterns. How does this happen?

A) by way of spectrums
B) by way of phosphenes
C) by way of feature detectors
D) by way of sensory cells

Question 6

In order for a frog's feature detectors to operate properly, what state must the frog be in?

A) stationary
B) hungry
C) swimming
D) moving

Question 7

When the eye registers light waves, the light waves are transformed into electrical signals that become neural impulses. What is this process called?

A) perception
B) adaptation
C) transduction
D) accommodation

Question 8

Humans are not visually sensitive to gamma rays, radio waves, and ultraviolet light. What does this fact indicate about our sensory systems?

A) They act as analyzing systems.
B) They act as transducing systems.
C) They act as sensory stimulating systems.
D) They act as data reduction systems.

Question 9

Which process is involved in organizing the black lines comprising these words into meaningful patterns?

A) sensation
B) assimilation
C) transduction
D) perception

Question 10

By applying pressure to your eyelids for a few seconds, you'll see stars, checkerboards, and flashes of colour. What are these light sensations called?

A) phosphenes
B) electrical currents
C) neural transfers
D) visual features

Question 11

Which theory states that the type of sensation we experience depends on which area of the brain is activated?

A) transduction
B) sensory localization
C) adaptation
D) agnosia

Question 12

According to the textbook, someday it might be possible to artificially stimulate the brain to restore sight, hearing, and other senses. How might this occur?

A) by selective attention
B) by sensory localization
C) by data reduction
D) by the use of phosphenes

Question 13

What are X-rays, radio waves, and microwaves all forms of?

A) electromagnetic energies
B) sensations
C) hues
D) transducers

Question 14

When psychologists mention "visible light," what are they referring to?

A) red, orange, yellow, and blue light waves
B) ultraviolet light, radio waves, and gamma rays that are visible to the human eye
C) subliminal waves that are detectable by our unconscious perception
D) a small slice of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye

Question 15

What is sensation?

A) feelings of excitement
B) the process of detecting physical stimuli arriving from the sense organs
C) the organization of physical energies into meaningful patterns
D) the process of transforming physical energy into chemical energy

Question 16

What is perception?

A) the ability to understand the feelings of others
B) the information arriving from the sense organs
C) the understanding of difficult sensory concepts
D) the mental process in which the brain organizes sensations into meaningful patterns

Question 17

In order to take your psychology quiz, you must read and process information. Which process does detecting the black marks on the page depend on?

A) transduction
B) sensation
C) sensory adaptation
D) neural processing

Question 18

Interpreting the meaning of the sounds while listening to music is an example of which of the following?

A) perceptual figure
B) sensation
C) perception
D) accommodation

Question 19

Which portion of the electromagnetic spectrum can receptors in the eye actually detect?

A) the light portion
B) the upper portion
C) the visible portion
D) the lower portion

Question 20

Visible light is made up of electromagnetic energies with wavelengths of which quantity?

A) 100-200 nanometres
B) 300 nanometres
C) 400-700 nanometres
D) 800 nanometres

Question 21

What are the three properties of colour?

A) intensity, brightness, shade
B) primary, secondary, tertiary
C) saturation, hue, secondary photoreceptors
D) hue, saturation, brightness

Question 22

Which concept do the basic colour categories of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet refer to?

A) hue
B) brightness
C) saturation
D) colour accommodation

Question 23

What is the dimension of vision that corresponds to the amplitude (height) of light waves?

A) saturation
B) hue
C) brightness
D) accommodation

Question 24

Which of the following contains all the wavelengths, or colours, of the visible spectrum?

A) ultraviolet light
B) indigo light
C) black light
D) white light

Question 25

Where on the back of the eye does incoming light get focused?

A) the optic nerve
B) the retina
C) the iris
D) the cornea

Question 26

Which layer of the eye is regarded as a "film"?

A) the pupil
B) the lens
C) the iris
D) the retina

Question 27

What do we call the process by which the lens thickens or thins to focus incoming light?

A) accommodation
B) adaptation
C) assimilation
D) transduction

Question 28

Which three structures of the eye does light pass through?

A) the pupil, iris, and lens
B) the cornea, iris, and pupil
C) the cornea, pupil, and lens
D) the fovea, iris, and pupil

Question 29

As you watch television, the reflected light passes through which three structures of your eye?

A) the cornea, iris, and pupil
B) the cornea, iris, and lens
C) the fovea, iris, and pupil
D) the cornea, pupil, and lens

Question 30

What is the condition where the cornea or lenses are abnormally curved with more than one focal point, causing blurred vision?

A) myopia
B) presbyopia
C) astigmatism
D) hyperopia

Question 31

Which pair of terms is most closely related?

A) hyperopia and colour blindness
B) astigmatism and presbyopia
C) myopia and astigmatism
D) hyperopia and presbyopia

Question 32

What is a common form of farsightedness where the lenses become brittle and inflexible, and is associated with middle age?

A) myopia
B) astigmatism
C) hyperopia
D) presbyopia

Question 33

What is a common form of treatment for visual problems such as hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia?

A) surgery
B) corneal transplant
C) eyeglasses
D) holistic therapy

Question 34

The retina has two types of "film," consisting of receptor cells. What are these cells called?

A) rods and cones
B) fovea and optic nerve
C) pupil and lens
D) cornea and pupil

Question 35

Approximately how many rods are contained in the eye?

A) 1 million
B) 33 million
C) 65 million
D) 100 million

Question 36

In what type of light are the rods used?

A) black
B) extreme colour
C) dim
D) spectrum

Question 37

When you look at an object in dim light, why does the object lack clarity and colour?

A) because cones can't detect colour
B) because the blind spot affects light adaptation
C) because the optic nerve doesn't register wavelengths in the dark
D) because rods do not distinguish colours or fine details

Question 38

What causes the blind spot to be formed?

A) a combination of the absence of the optic nerve and brain damage
B) being ill with diabetes
C) having at least one abnormally shaped eyeball
D) the absence of receptors where the optic nerve leaves the eye

Question 39

What do we call the "hole" in our retinas?

A) visual acuity
B) the blind spot
C) the fovea
D) the ganglion cell

Question 40

Why are most people unaware of their blind spot?

A) because the optic nerve fills the gap
B) because the optic chasm fills the gap
C) because the visual cortex of the brain fills the gap with patterns from surrounding areas
D) because the association areas in the brain fill the gap with meaningful sensation

Question 41

What do we call the small cup-shaped area in the middle of the retina that contains the 50 000 cones?

A) the optic nerve
B) the fovea
C) the ganglion cell
D) the iris

Question 42

Joseph is 46 years old and has discovered from his ophthalmologist that the lenses in his eyes have become brittle and inflexible. What is this disorder called?

A) myopia
B) astigmatism
C) hyperopia
D) presbyopia

Question 43

Where do we find the highest concentration of cones?

A) in the periphery of the retina
B) in the blind spot
C) in the fovea
D) in the optic disk

Question 44

Approximately how many cones are in the eye?

A) 2 million
B) 6.5 million
C) 8 million
D) 12 million

Question 45

Which of the following gives us the sharpest images and is involved with visual acuity?

A) rods
B) cones
C) ganglion cells
D) the iris

Question 46

In which area of the eye do we find most of the rods?

A) the fovea
B) the pupil
C) the periphery of the retina
D) the optic nerve

Question 47

Which of the following best explains the trichromatic theory of colour vision?

A) The brain separates images into "either-or" messages.
B) There are three types of rods, each responsible for a different colour.
C) The eye has colour receptors that are limited to blue, yellow, and black.
D) There are three types of cones, each sensitive to either red, green, or blue.

Question 48

Which of the following can be explained by the opponent-process theory of colour vision?

A) the blind spot
B) afterimages
C) red-green colour blindness
D) ganglion cells

Question 49

The trichromatic theory explains what happens in which vision area, once information reaches the eye?

A) the fovea
B) the retina
C) the occipital lobe
D) the thalamus

Question 50

Which theory identifies three different types of cones in the retina?

A) the trichromatic theory
B) the opponent-process theory
C) the adaptation theory
D) the trioptic theory

Question 51

In explaining colour vision in humans, which of the following is most accurate?

A) the trichromatic theory
B) the opponent-process theory
C) frequency theory
D) both the opponent-process theory and the trichromatic theory

Question 52

Which of the following can be explained by trichromatic theory?

A) afterimages
B) red-green colour blindness
C) the blind spot
D) ganglion cells

Question 53

Opponent-process theory explains what happens in which of the following areas, once images leave the eye?

A) the hypothalamus
B) the retina and the brain
C) ganglion cells and the brain
D) optic pathways and the brain

Question 54

If Ed has trouble telling the difference between red and green, which visual problem does he have?

A) night blindness
B) agnosia
C) colour weakness
D) opponent process disorder

Question 55

Which condition will be experienced by someone who lacks cones, or has cones that do not function normally?

A) night blindness
B) total colour blindness
C) problems with adaptation
D) problems with accommodation

Question 56

If Joe is unable to see reds and greens, which of the following best describes his situation?

A) He sees reds and greens as grey.
B) He has a colour weakness.
C) He has the rarest form of colour blindness.
D) He is colour blind.

Question 57

Approximately what percentage of males are red-green colour blind?

A) 1 percent
B) 2 percent
C) 4 percent
D) 8 percent

Question 58

When the eyes adjust to a dark room, there is a dramatic increase in retinal sensitivity to light. What is this process called?

A) transduction
B) dark adaptation
C) accommodation
D) assimilation

Question 59

Approximately how many minutes does it normally take to adapt to complete darkness?

A) 10-15 minutes
B) 30-35 minutes
C) 45-50 minutes
D) 60 minutes

Question 60

Which of the following does sensed loudness or sound intensity correspond to?

A) frequency
B) complexity
C) high waves
D) amplitude

Question 61

Which of the following determines pitch?

A) intensity or amplitude of a sound wave
B) complexity of the sound wave
C) frequency or number of waves per second
D) decibel level of a sound wave

Question 62

Which property of a perceived sound does the frequency of sound waves (or the number of waves per second) correspond to?

A) timbre
B) pitch
C) decibel
D) amplitude

Question 63

What part of the ear catches sound waves and funnels them into the ear canal?

A) the pinna
B) the eardrum
C) the cochlea
D) the basal membrane

Question 64

The artist Vincent Van Gogh cut off the visible, external part of his ear. What do we call that part of the ear?

A) the pinna
B) the cochlea
C) the basilar membrane
D) the oval window

Question 65

In which part of the ear do we find the sensory receptors of sound (hair cells)?

A) the tympanic membrane
B) the oval window
C) the cochlea
D) the pinna

Question 66

Which part of the ear is a thin membrane that moves in and out in response to sound waves colliding with it, before passing the vibration to the middle ear?

A) the auditory nerve
B) the cochlea
C) the tympanic membrane
D) the pinna

Question 67

The auditory ossicles link the eardrum with a snail-shaped organ that makes up the inner ear. What is this organ called?

A) the organ of Corti
B) the oval window
C) the cochlea
D) the stirrup

Question 68

Vibration of the oval window causes fluid to move back and forth in which part(s) of the ear?

A) the ossicles
B) the cochlea
C) the tympanic membrane
D) the auditory nerve

Question 69

What specific structure(s) in the cochlea triggers a nerve impulse?

A) the tympanic membrane
B) ossicles
C) hair cells
D) stirrups

Question 70

What do we call the sensory receptors of sound?

A) hair receptors
B) hair cells
C) bipolar cells
D) bipolar receptors

Question 71

Which theory states that as pitch rises, nerve impulses of the same frequency are fed into the auditory nerve?

A) place theory
B) frequency theory
C) volley theory
D) opponent process theory

Question 72

Frequency theory best accounts for which of the following?

A) high-frequency sounds
B) low-frequency sounds
C) the physical placement of sounds
D) middle-frequency sounds

Question 73

The frequency and place theories are explanations of how our auditory system calculates which auditory ability?

A) pitch
B) amplitude
C) loudness
D) hertz

Question 74

A doctor suggests that John may benefit from a cochlear implant. Which of the following ear problems does John most likely have?

A) conduction deafness
B) middle ear damage
C) nerve hearing loss
D) auditory fatigue

Question 75

What happens when the hair cells become damaged after years of exposure to loud sounds?

A) conduction deafness
B) hair cell regeneration
C) stimulation hearing loss
D) hearing loss for high-pitched sounds

Question 76

What particular type of nerve deafness occurs when very loud sounds damage hair cells in the cochlea?

A) conduction deafness
B) semicircular deafness
C) stimulation hearing loss
D) sound reduction deafness

Question 77

James attends dozens of rock and roll concerts per year. What is the maximum volume he has most likely been exposed to at these concerts?

A) 85 decibels
B) 90 decibels
C) 120 decibels
D) 150 decibels

Question 78

Pete is a rock musician who can no longer hear. Which hearing issue does he most likely suffer from?

A) conductive deafness
B) nerve deafness
C) noise-induced hearing loss
D) vestibular deafness

Question 79

Which of the following best describes the benefit of smell and taste?

A) preventing malnutrition
B) preventing poisonings
C) adding pleasure to our life
D) preventing poisonings and adding pleasure to life

Question 80

What type of stimulus do smell and taste receptors respond to?

A) light
B) chemical
C) electrical
D) electromagnetic