Deck 13: Anxiety: An All-Encompassing Intrapersonal Process of Personality

Question 1

A personality dimension that has a rather comprehensive effect on the individual's personality is referred to as a(n):

A) Interpersonal personality process
B) Intrapsychic trait
C) Intrapersonal personality process
D) Transpersonal personality construct

Answer 1

Intrapersonal personality process

Question 2

Just as she begins to get ready to ask Pat out for a date, Jean begins to feel her muscles tense, heart start to pound, and palms begin to sweat. Such reactions are a result of the activation of Jean's _____ nervous system.

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) psychomotor
D) kinesthetic

Answer 2

sympathetic

Question 3

Robert finds Pat very attractive. When Pat tries to start a conversation with Robert at a party, Robert has trouble thinking of things to say. This illustrates the _____ dimension of anxiety.

A) physiological
B) behavioral
C) psychomotor
D) cognitive
E) overt

Answer 3

cognitive

Question 4

Robert finds Pat very attractive. When Pat tries to start a conversation with Robert at a party, Robert begins stumbling over his words and shifting the food around on his plate. This illustrates the _____ dimension of anxiety.

A) physiological
B) behavioral
C) structural
D) cognitive
E) latent

Question 5

Robert finds Pat very attractive. When Pat tries to start a conversation with Robert at a party, Robert feels his muscles tense up and his mouth get dry. Robert fakes a smile and quickly says, "Excuse me. I'll be right back." This illustrates the:

A) Behavioral expression of negative talk
B) Fundamental attributional bias
C) Flight-or-fight reaction
D) Regression-or-retaliation response

Question 6

As a clinical psychologist, you are working with a group of individuals who report high levels of anxiety. To help these individuals clarify the nature of the anxiety they are experiencing, you would have them complete the:

A) Multiple Anxiety Measure (MAM)
B) Dimensions of Anxiety Questionnaire (DAQ)
C) Experiential Anxiety Inventory (EAI)
D) Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS)
E) Expression of Anxiety Test (EAT)

Question 7

A basketball coach is trying to explain to her players why they seem to mix up the plays when they become overly excited during the most critical points in the game. The explanation she is seeking can be found in the:

A) Yerkes-Dodson Law
B) Taylor Anxiety Function
C) Dollard-Miller Law of Reciprocity
D) Spence-Richards Theorem

Question 8

As a basketball coach, you know that your players are more likely to make errors when they are experiencing a _____ level of anxiety.

A) low
B) moderate
C) high
D) a & c
E) b & c

Question 9

As an acting coach, you find that your students tend to forget their lines when they are experiencing certain levels of arousal. As a result, you begin to include relaxation techniques in your classes to help the students achieve a(n) _____ level of arousal.

A) enhanced
B) delayed
C) optimal
D) repressed
E) b & d

Question 10

Robert finds Pat very attractive. When Robert sees Pat approaching him at the party, Robert starts to feel a little anxious and begins to think about what he will say to Pat. This illustrates the _____ viewpoint of anxiety.

A) psychdynamic
B) social leaning
C) cognitive
D) drive

Question 11

As a young child, Janice was almost hit by a red car. As a young adult, she begins to feel anxious every time she sees a large, red moving object. This illustrates the _____ viewpoint of anxiety.

A) drive
B) cognitive
C) psychodynamic
D) learning

Question 12

The likelihood of Mel studying for his psychology test instead of going to a movie tonight is pretty good. This situation illustrates the _____ within the drive viewpoint of anxiety.

A) situational cue
B) drive level
C) excitatory potential
D) habit strength

Question 13

After hearing Mel and Jay discuss their psychology test next week, it appears that Mel is a lot more anxious about the test than Jay. This difference in their anxiety reaction represents the _____ within the drive viewpoint of anxiety.

A) drive level
B) response specificity
C) reactive formation
D) excitatory potential

Question 14

Every time Mel begins to feel anxious while at a party, he drinks another beer. In this situation, drinking beer is an example of a(n) _____ within the drive viewpoint of anxiety.

A) reactive response
B) dominant response
C) evoked reaction
D) cued behavior

Question 15

In the past, Mel would drink a beer each time he began to feel anxious while at a party. At a party this evening, Mel has decided that he will try a new relaxation technique to deal with the anxiety. The relaxation technique is an example of a(n) _____ within the drive viewpoint of anxiety.

A) secondary response
B) borderline behavior
C) nondominant response
D) induced reaction

Question 16

In the past, Mel would drink a beer each time he began to feel anxious while at a party. At a party this evening, Mel has decided that he will try a new relaxation technique to deal with the anxiety. However, while at the party, he sees someone that he really finds attractive and becomes excessively anxious. According to the drive viewpoint of anxiety, Mel is most likely to:

A) Drink more than usual
B) Drink less than usual
C) Use his relaxation technique
D) a & c
E) b & c

Question 17

Stu is very excited that he was able to get a ticket to a very popular concert at a local club. However, he begins to notice that the crowd is starting to get really packed. Although he is excited about the concert, he also starts to feel anxious about being packed into the club. As a result, he spends the next ten minutes trying to get a spot closer to the emergency exit, just in case things get out of hand during the concert. Stu's attempt to adapt to the potential danger of the situation is an example of the role of anxiety from the _____ viewpoint.

A) evolutionary
B) learning
C) social
D) reactive
E) drive

Question 18

When trying to integrate the different viewpoints of anxiety, the psychodynamic viewpoint describes the basic:

A) Purpose of anxiety
B) Process by which anxiety becomes a optimal response
C) Influence anxiety has on behavior
D) Affective outcome for different reactions

Question 19

When trying to integrate the different viewpoints of anxiety, the drive viewpoint describes the basic:

A) Purpose of anxiety
B) Process by which anxiety becomes a warning signal
C) Influence anxiety has on behavior
D) Affective outcome for different reactions

Question 20

You are driving your car when, all of a sudden, you become overwhelmed with anxiety after you hear a loud noise that sounds like gunfire. However, ten seconds later, you feel fine thinking it was only a car backfiring. This is an example of _____ anxiety.

A) reactive
B) individualist
C) situational
D) state
E) trait

Question 21

Your friend Lisa seems to get anxious at the slightest bit of threat, regardless if it is at work, at a party, or while in class. Lisa's reaction illustrates _____ anxiety.

A) personalistic
B) individualistic
C) trait
D) cognitive
E) psychosocial

Question 22

The assessment of an individual's present feelings of anxiety, as well as general feelings of anxiety, can be measured using the:

A) Person-Situational Anxiety Inventory (PSAI)
B) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
C) Internal-External Anxiety Measure (IEAM)
D) Individualistic-Collectivist Anxiety Inventory (ICAI)

Question 23

To help improve her team's chances of having a winning season, the coach decided she would try to eliminate all of the "Wednesday All-Americans" by assessing their level of anxiety. To do this, she will cut from the squad all of those individuals who are:

A) High on trait anxiety
B) Low on trait anxiety
C) High on state anxiety
D) Low on state anxiety

Question 24

High anxiety students displayed more anxiety than low anxiety students:

A) During regular class periods
B) Just before taking a test
C) Just after taking a test
D) b & c
E) a, b, & c

Question 25

A common measure of test anxiety discussed in the text is the:

A) Test Anxiety Scale (TAS)
B) Testing Anxiety Inventory (TAI)
C) Measure of Test-Specific Anxiety (MTSA)
D) Test Anxiety Test (TAT)
E) Test of Test Anxiety (TTA)

Question 26

Joel is being considered for a management job that is very important to him. He took a management style test while in a room with 35 other candidates and did well enough to go to the next level of interviews, along with five other candidates. In this interview, Joel will take a similar management style test in a room all by himself. In comparison to his first test score, Joel can expect to get a _____ score.

A) better
B) worse
C) similar
D) none of the above; the testing situations are too different to make a comparison possible

Question 27

High test-anxiety individuals _____ than low test-anxiety individuals.

A) take longer to complete problems
B) report higher levels of arousal
C) actually experience similar levels of arousal
D) a & b
E) a, b, & c

Question 28

Jay is someone with low test anxiety. His assessment of how well he did on a test is usually:

A) Too high
B) Too low
C) Fairly accurate
D) Dependent on how well other people did
E) b & d

Question 29

As a personality psychologist, you know that certain students in you class experience a high degree of test anxiety. To help them do their best, you should:

A) Provide them with feedback about their performance every 15 minutes
B) Have them self-report privately their level of arousal every 15 minutes
C) Let them start earlier so they can feel successful about finishing before others
D) Provide them with no feedback about their performance during the test
E) Play up the importance of the test to help motivate them

Question 30

As a personality psychologist, you know that certain students in your class experience a high degree of test anxiety. To help them do their best, you should:

A) Print important instructions in bold print to get their attention
B) Emphasize before the test certain critical instructions and information
C) Provide them with feedback about their performance based on the instructions
D) a & b
E) a, b, & c

Question 31

Linda is someone with low test anxiety. She received a "D" on the first weekly quiz in her personality psychology class. On the next weekly quiz, we can expect she will:

A) Perform worse
B) Perform better
C) Do about as well
D) Experience self-defeating thoughts that will affect her subsequent performance
E) a & d

Question 32

Individuals with high test anxiety are likely to interpret their arousal:

A) As a sign that they are not doing very well on the test
B) With a negative label
C) As something to worry about
D) a & c
E) a, b, & c

Question 33

Statements such as, "I get anxious while studying for a test" or "Being stumped by a test question makes me feel really anxious"
Are part of:

A) Self-defeating thoughts
B) Cognitive reframing
C) Pinpointing situations that provoke test anxiety
D) b & c
E) a & c

Question 34

When being stumped by a test question, Ryan says to himself, "I just know I'm going to flunk the test now." This is an example of a:

A) Negative feedback loop
B) Cognitive fixation
C) Regressive thinking
D) Self-defeating thought
E) Negative self-reflection

Question 35

When being stumped by a test question, Ryan used to say to himself, "I just know I'm going to flunk the test now." After reading about overcoming test anxiety in his personality textbook, Ryan is going to try saying, "Just because I can't answer this question does not mean I'll flunk the test. I'll just go on to the next question I can answer" while taking a test. This is an example of:

A) Expressing self-centered thinking
B) Creating a sense of false self-confidence
C) Practicing rational thinking
D) Altering one's test self-schema

Question 36

To prepare for his personality test next week, Ryan has written out a set of questions based on the lecture notes and times himself to see if he can answer each question in under eight minutes. He also performs his relaxation exercise each time he starts to feel anxious while studying. Ryan seems to be:

A) Practicing rational test taking
B) Avoiding his real problem of text anxiety by performing busy work
C) Trying to develop nondominant test-taking responses
D) Modeling aschematic test-taking behavior
E) c & d

Question 37

Josh has been studying for his personality test for ten hours over three straight nights. Although he feels confident about the material, he gets up extra early the day of the test and studies for two more hours to make sure he is really prepared. Josh's actions illustrate:

A) The pre-test anxiety syndrome
B) Cognitive overcompensation
C) Overlearning
D) The displacement of trait anxiety
E) a & b

Question 38

After taking the final in his personality psychology course, Kevin congratulates himself on not getting too anxious during the test and for not spending a lot of time agonizing over those questions he wasn't sure of the answer. To celebrate his performance on the test, he decides he will relax tonight and go to a movie. Kevin is:

A) Displaying post-test-anxiety repression
B) Practicing self-reward
C) Covertly displacing his test anxiety
D) Enhancing is test schemata
E) a & b

Question 39

Gene's level of anxiety is at such a constantly high level that he has trouble concentrating at work and socializing with others. After seeing a clinical psychologist, Gene is told he has a(n):

A) Prolonged-anxiety syndrome
B) Protracted-anxiety disorder
C) Anxiety disorder
D) Dysfunctional trait anxiety

Question 40

While taking a test, Phillip is overcome with such a high degree of anxiety that he cannot move his hand to write or even get up from his seat to get some fresh air. Phillip is experiencing a(n):

A) Simple phobia
B) Generalized anxiety disorder
C) Compulsion
D) Panic disorder
E) a & c

Question 41

Rita had to drop all of her classes because she could no longer concentrate. All she could think about was the possibility of her heart stopping. Rita is experiencing a(n):

A) Obsession
B) Compulsion
C) Trichophobia
D) Social phobia
E) Thought-fixation

Question 42

Because he feels he must check each of his answers six times before he turns in his test, John always runs out of time and tends to get very low grades. John's behavior is an example of:

A) Phobia
B) Compulsion
C) Obsession
D) Panic attack
E) Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 43

Compulsive behavior is executed and repeated because it:

A) Is hard-wired into the parasympathetic nervous system
B) Provides delayed reinforcement from the anxiety
C) Produces immediate relief in the form of anxiety reduction
D) Eliminates obsessions
E) Serves as a form of affective substitution

Question 44

Because of an early childhood experience, Julia begins to get really anxious every time she sees a teddy bear. Julia is experiencing a(n):

A) Psychogenic regression
B) Generalized anxiety disorder
C) Obsession
D) Compulsion
E) Phobic disorder

Question 45

Dexter cannot go to the movies because he feels that if a fire were to break out, he would not be able to get to the exit and knows no one else would be willing to help him. Dexter is suffering from:

A) Agoraphobia
B) Simple phobia
C) Social phobia
D) Situational phobia

Question 46

Jerry's parents and relatives will not have the pleasure of seeing him receive the volunteer of the year award. Jerry has notified the selection committee that he gets so nervous when appearing in front of groups of people, there is no way he will appear before such a big crowd of famous people to accept the award. The committee will just have to send it to him. Jerry is suffering from:

A) Agoraphobia
B) Simple phobia
C) Social phobia
D) Situational phobia

Question 47

Because of a negative combat experience in a tropical forest, Jay gets very anxious each time the humidity goes past 90 percent. Jay's reaction to the humidity is an example of a(n):

A) Agoraphobia
B) Simple phobia
C) Social phobia
D) Situational phobia

Question 48

Stu became really anxious when his wife announced that they were driving to New York to see "CATS," one of the most successful Broadway musicals ever. Apparently Stu suffers from:

A) Ergasiophobia
B) Ailurophobia
C) Aviophobia
D) Lectophobia

Question 49

Although she received a multimillion-dollar contract to write a book about a group of serial killers, Jody lost the contract and the money because she became anxious each time she started to write. Jody is experiencing:

A) Ergasiophobia
B) Ailurophobia
C) Aviophobia
D) Lectophobia

Question 50

When she was a little girl, Joyce was made to stand in a dark closet as a form of punishment. Although she cannot tell you why she feels this way, Joyce, to this day, has a fear of being in dark theaters. However, feeling that the fear has something to do with her childhood, her therapist is trying to get her to talk about her relationship with her parents when she was young. Such an example illustrates the _____ explanation of anxiety disorders.

A) psychodynamic
B) learning
C) cognitive
D) affective
E) psychosocial

Question 51

A spider bit Susan when she was a little girl. At age 46, she stills experiences arachnophobia and can recall vividly the time the spider bit her when she was a girl. Such an example illustrates the _____ explanation of anxiety disorders.

A) psychodynamic
B) learning
C) cognitive
D) affective
E) psychosocial

Question 52

The treatment of anxiety disorders from the learning viewpoint involves:

A) Systematic desensitization
B) Behavior modification
C) Hypnotism
D) a & b
E) a & c

Question 53

To help him deal with his fear of elevators, Jack's therapist has him put on a pair of goggles that create the visual simulation of being in an elevator and traveling different distances at different rates of speed, as well as experiencing unexpected stops between floors. This is an example of _________ therapy.

A) visual-reconstruction
B) visualization-reactive
C) virtual reality
D) virtual-reconstruction
E) vision-reformation

Question 54

One individual with an anxiety disorders might interpret the sound of a barking dog down the street as a signal that there is a pack of dangerous dogs running loose while another individual with an anxiety disorder might assume this means that if she goes outside, she will not be able to concentrate enough to think of a strategy to avoid being attacked by the dog. Such beliefs are characteristics of anxiety disorders based on the _____ viewpoint.

A) behavioral
B) psychodynamic
C) cognitive
D) drive
E) evolutionary

Question 55

Dr. Phil is working with a client who has developed an anxiety disorder that is expressed in the form of an irrational fear of eating at restaurants because he believes that he will catch a virus while dining out. Dr. Phil tells the client that instead of thinking about getting sick, he should focus on all of the things that the restaurant does to make sure that the food is fresh, the dining area is clean, and the employees take the necessary health precautions when serving his food. In this case, Dr. Phil is employing _____ to help his client deal with his anxiety disorder.

A) behavior therapy
B) insight therapy
C) systematic desensitization
D) reverse psychology
E) cognitive therapy

Question 56

The overreacting of neurons in the brain that creates intense feelings of anxiety can be attributed to a lack of the neurotransmitter of:

A) Monoamine Oxidase (MOOD)
B) Benzodiazepines (BEDIZ)
C) Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
D) Alpha-dyzigotomines (ALDA)

Question 57

_____ is a category of drugs, which includes Xanax, used to help in the treatment of anxiety disorders.

A) Acetylcholine
B) Cortisol
C) Benzodiazepines
D) Antihistamines

Question 58

A condom manufacturer develops an ad that shows the last stages of someone dying from AIDS. The ad is supposed to raise people's level of anxiety about having sex without the use of a condom. This ad is an example of a(n):

A) Anxiety-activation advertisement
B) Fear appeal
C) Emotional-specific message
D) Induced-insecurity activation

Question 59

The role of anxiety in the two-step advertising process is to:

A) Provide a recommendation and then develop a sense of anxiety
B) Trigger the drive then and introduce the stimulus
C) Introduce the stimulus and then trigger the drive
D) Replace nondominant response with a dominant response
E) Create a sense of anxiety and then present a course of action to reduce the anxiety

Question 60

Encouraging individuals to buy a self-help book on assertiveness so they will not be bullied by their coworkers is an example of a(n) _____ appeal.

A) negative
B) positive
C) balanced
D) rational
E) outcome-focused

Question 61

Putting up billboard signs that illustrate the bodily damage that can happen if you do not buckle up your seatbelt is an example of a(n) _____ appeal.

A) negative
B) positive
C) balanced
D) rational
E) outcome-focused

Question 62

A sports shoe manufacturer is developing an advertising campaign that will show regular people wearing their sports shoe while playing tennis and basketball with professional athletes. The idea is to suggest that if you wear these sports shoes, you'll improve your game. In advertising, this is an example of increasing the viewer's _____ to reduce feelings of anxiety

A) social support and individualistic persona
B) collective confidence and personal control
C) image reformulation and schema structure
D) sense of mastery and confidence

Question 63

To increase the sale of accordions and the number of students taking accordion lessons, a local music dealer develops an advertising campaign where he shows shy people becoming the life of the party once they start entertaining others with their accordions. In advertising, this is an example of the viewer_____ to reduce feelings of anxiety.

A) obtaining collective confidence
B) securing reassurance or social support from others
C) increasing their self-focusing of attention
D) a & c
E) a, b, & c

Question 64

A high school sex education teacher shows her class a film about AIDS. In the film, it shows people dying in the final stages of AIDS. The teacher decides not to show the film next year because the students were coving their eyes or looking at the floor during the most critical parts because the scenes made them feel too anxious. In advertising, this is an example of anxiety serving as a:

A) Stimulus
B) Drive
C) Nondominant response
D) Dominant affective reaction
E) Situational cue

Question 65

After seeing several commercials in which individuals who play the accordion receive a lot of attention at parties, a lonely individual walks into a music store at a mall and signs up for accordion lessons after seeing an accordion in the display window. In advertising, this is an example of anxiety serving as a:

A) Stimulus
B) Drive
C) Nondominant response
D) Dominant affective reaction
E) Situational cue

Question 66

For anxiety to be used effectively in advertising, it must be at a:

A) Low level
B) Moderate level
C) High level
D) High level in the beginning but low level at the end of the advertisement
E) Low level in the beginning but high level at the end of the advertisement

Question 67

A condom manufacturer develops an ad that shows a vague image of two individuals in bed getting ready to have sex and telling each other how much they care for one another. This ad closes with a voice-over saying, "Show you really care. Use a condom." In advertising, the voice-over message is an example of a(n):

A) Subliminal suggestion
B) Concrete recommendation
C) Implicit directive
D) Negative fear appeal
E) Dominant response

Question 68

For fear appeals to be effective, they must:

A) Be targeted at high-anxiety individuals
B) Generate a moderate level of anxiety
C) Provide a concrete recommendation
D) a & c
E) b & c

Question 69

A critical condition of shyness is:

A) The desire to avoid others
B) Feeling that others are evaluating you
C) Behavioral inhibition
D) a & b
E) b & c

Question 70

The affective component of shyness includes:

A) Increased heart rate
B) Excessive self-consciousness
C) The avoidance of others
D) a & c
E) a, b, & c

Question 71

While at a party, Julia begins to say to herself, "Everybody is staring at and evaluating me." This is an example of the _____ component of shyness.

A) affective
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) situational
E) personal

Question 72

While at a business networking reception, Rick has a hard time making eye contact with others and spends most of his time pretending to be looking at the art on the walls so he does not have to make small talk with others. Rick is exhibiting the _____ component of shyness.

A) affective
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) situational
E) personal

Question 73

Shy individuals tend to feel they are _____ than other people.

A) less shy
B) more shy
C) less self-aware
D) just as self-aware
E) a & c

Question 74

Paul is an individual who says very little in the presence of others and does not make eye contact when talking to others. Paul is most likely a(n) _____ person.

A) introverted
B) socially anxious shy
C) privately shy
D) publicly shy

Question 75

Although his heart is racing and his stomach turning, Jay is able to talk to others in such a manner that most people would be surprised to find that Jay is shy. Jay is most likely a(n) _____ person.

A) introverted
B) socially anxious shy
C) privately shy
D) publicly shy
E) transitionally shy

Question 76

Judy is very concerned about being evaluated by others and is self-conscious. Judy is most likely a(n) _____ person.

A) chronically shy
B) socially anxious shy
C) privately shy
D) publicly shy
E) transitionally shy

Question 77

Shyness has been found to be more pervasive in:

A) The United States than in Asian countries
B) Western cultures than in Eastern cultures
C) Asian countries than in the United States
D) In Europe than in the United States
E) In the United States than in Europe

Question 78

According to the self-presentation theory of shyness, a critical characteristic feature of shy individuals in a variety of cultures is a:

A) Reduced sense of interpersonal competence
B) Heightened sense of introversion
C) Heightened sense of rejection
D) a & c
E) b & c

Question 79

As a therapist who specializes in the use of _____ to help shy individuals to deal more effectively with their shyness, Dr. Pace encourages her clients to be more accepting of their shyness and to be less critical of their actions while interacting with others in social situations.

A) Moiré therapy
B) Montessori therapy
C) Mahjong therapy
D) Morita therapy
E) Motility therapy

Question 80

To help to deal with her shyness, Susan goes to art openings, poetry readings, community lectures, and other places where there might be groups of people with whom to socialize. This self-selected strategy use by shy individuals has been identified as:

A) Social trolling
B) Covert extraversion
C) Social facilitation
D) Forced extraversion
E) Social reconnaissance