Deck 11: The Self-Concept: The Core of Personality

Question 1

In his personal ad, Edward says that he is 5'10", blond, somewhat outgoing, and likes ballroom dancing. Such information expresses Edward's:

A) Functional identity
B) Self-concept
C) Self-report
D) Personal identity

Answer 1

Self-concept

Question 2

During a discussion in her therapy group, Julia states that she finds it difficult to talk with others because she feels that what she has to say is not very interesting, which reflects her belief that she is not an interesting person. Such a statement is a reflection of Julia's sense of:

A) Personal identity
B) Functional identity
C) Self-esteem
D) Idealized self

Answer 2

Self-esteem

Question 3

Denise feels it is important that she is a good office manager and respected by her coworkers. She could care less that she is not a "neat freak" about her office or stylish dresser. Such statements reflect Denise's:

A) Personal identity
B) Functional identity
C) Self-esteem
D) Idealized self

Answer 3

Self-esteem

Question 4

To make sure his customers remember him, Dave always tries to wear a really bad tie. It's gotten so bad that Dave is now called the "tie guy" around the office. At work, Dave's ties serve as an expression of his:

A) Self-esteem
B) Identity
C) Point of self-reference
D) Self-ideation

Question 5

Troy and Alice wear black clothing exclusively, have tattoos of witchcraft symbols on their forearms, and have green and purple hair, respectively. When asked about this by a passerby, they said, "This is what keeps us from being like everybody else, especially nosy people like you." Troy and Alice are demonstrating their:

A) Identity
B) Self-esteem
C) Self-consciousness
D) Self-centeredness

Question 6

While walking home after attending a party, Jack's friends start teasing a homeless person they encounter standing on the corner asking for spare change. After making a few derogatory remarks, Jack's friends turn to him to see what he is going to do. Jack's wants to project his public image as being "one of the boys" so he will be accepted by his buddies, but he also wants to maintain his internal sense of self as being kind and compassionate. In this situation, Jack is experiencing:

A) Identity confusion
B) Identity conflict
C) Identity dissonance
D) Identity discordance

Question 7

After putting red rouge on the noses of eighteen-month-old infants, the infants will:

A) Touch their reflection in a mirror
B) Out their foot in their mouth
C) Touch their face instead of their reflection in a mirror
D) Cry when you cover their reflection in a mirror
E) a & b

Question 8

After putting red dye on one ear and eyebrow of chimpanzees, the chimps will:

A) Touch their reflection in a mirror
B) Spit at the mirror
C) Touch their face instead of their reflection in a mirror
D) Attack their reflection in a mirror
E) b & d

Question 9

A critical determinant of a sense of self is the ability of the organism to:

A) React to its reflection in a mirror
B) Demonstrate knowledge of its thoughts, feelings, and behavior
C) Demonstrate an innate temperament
D) Complete a personality test
E) Identify other members of one's species from other species

Question 10

When examining PET scans of the brains of individuals while they are making self ratings, you would expect to see the most information processing being located in the of the _______ cortex.

A) post-anterior
B) medial occipital
C) lateral temporal
D) dorsal central
E) prefrontal

Question 11

Being known as "Jan the dog groomer" would be an expression of the self-concept characteristic of the _____ period.

A) late Medieval
B) early Modern
C) Victorian
D) Egalitarian
E) Prussian

Question 12

The belief that what you did in public did not necessarily reflect your true sense of self was popular during the _____ period.

A) middle Romantic
B) early Modern
C) late Reconstruction
D) Puritan
E) early Roman

Question 13

Smiling to everyone you meet and extending other forms of public kindness as a means of helping yourself get to heaven is a characteristic belief regarding the self-concept during the _____ period.

A) Victorian
B) Romantic
C) Puritan
D) Crusade
E) late Grecian

Question 14

Taking up woodcarving so you could explore the hidden meaning of your sense of self would be a belief characteristic of the _____ period.

A) Romantic
B) Artistic
C) Victorian
D) Early Modern
E) Late Medieval

Question 15

The belief that people could gain insight into the personal aspects of your sense of self by what you wore was a characteristic belief of the _____ period.

A) Analytical
B) Progressive
C) early Romantic
D) Puritan
E) Victorian

Question 16

The _____ period was characterized by individuals working in factories and on assembly lines mass producing items in which they have little sense of personal investment and satisfaction, resulting in a loss of personal identity.

A) early Victorian
B) middle Renaissance
C) early 20th century
D) early Modern
E) post-Enlightenment

Question 17

A characteristic feature of the late 20th century is:

A) An emphasis on the uniqueness of one's sense of self
B) A search for the collective self
C) The development of an interdependent self
D) The pursuit of self-exploration and self-discovery
E) a & d

Question 18

Because Ted is so highly aware of his feelings, he tends to be internally motivated about school and his career. Ted's self-concept reflects a high degree of:

A) Private self-awareness
B) Public self-awareness
C) Objective self-awareness
D) Subjective self-awareness

Question 19

Because Tina is so highly aware of the hand gestures she uses while she talks, she tends to sit quietly and passively in business meetings. Tina's self-concept reflects a high degree of:

A) Private self-awareness
B) Public self-awareness
C) Objective self-awareness
D) Subjective self-awareness

Question 20

_____ is a personality trait that refers to an individual's tendency to be attentive to his or her sense of self.

A) Self-awareness
B) Social facilitation
C) Self-consciousness
D) Self-identity

Question 21

Sandy is a very vivid dreamer and keeps a dream journal to help figure out her dreams and gain insight into her personality. Sandy's behavior is characteristic of high:

A) Private self-consciousness
B) Public self-consciousness
C) Public self-awareness
D) Objective self-awareness

Question 22

Marcie is constantly checking herself in the mirror and asking others if she looks OK. Marcie's behavior is characteristic of someone who is high in:

A) Serve-serving tendencies
B) Self-monitoring
C) Public self-consciousness
D) Private self-consciousness

Question 23

The Self-Consciousness Scale is designed to assess the extent to which individuals are:

A) Concerned with the evaluation of them made by others
B) Aware of the impression they make on others
C) Aware of their locus of self-control
D) a & b
E) b & c

Question 24

You are a personnel manager trying to hire clerical help for the holiday season. You ask the applicants to tell you how helpful and courteous they believe they are. To get the most truthful individuals, you should consider only those who score high on the ______ self-consciousness dimension of the Self-Consciousness Scale.

A) public
B) private
C) internal
D) reflective

Question 25

You are substance abuse counselor at the university counseling center. Each year you give the Self-Consciousness Scale to all incoming freshman. When looking at the midterm grades, you would most likely send a letter about substance abuse counseling to those individuals who received D's and F's and scored high on the _____ self-consciousness dimension of the Self-Consciousness Scale.

A) latent
B) external
C) public
D) private
E) internal

Question 26

You are the director of marketing for a cosmetic firm and want to send samples of your product to a group of female students who will be graduating next semester to help build brand loyalty in the future. You would be most likely to send it to those females who scored high on the _____ self-consciousness dimension of the Self-Consciousness Scale.

A) external
B) social
C) public
D) interpersonal

Question 27

You are the personnel director of a publishing company. When hiring individuals for your sales staff, you would be most likely to hire individuals who score high on the _____ self-consciousness dimension of the Self-Consciousness Scale.

A) public
B) identity-focused
C) intrapersonal
D) private-focused
E) identity-diffused

Question 28

Joan begins feeling nervous while being interviewed live on television by a news reporter talking to individuals about the mass suicide of the members of a local religious cult. Joan's reaction is a function of:

A) External self-consciousness
B) Objective self-awareness
C) Reaction formation
D) Cognitive dissonance
E) Defensive attributions

Question 29

As the owner of a singles nightclub who is familiar with the dynamics of objective self-awareness, you can help ease the pain of those individuals who are not selected as dance partners by:

A) Removing all of the image-reflecting and other mirrored surfaces from the walls
B) Installing security cameras around the dance floor to make more people want to dance
C) Including a large cover charge so people will dance to justify the cost
D) Reducing the price of drinks so people will feel more like dancing

Question 30

You are a defense attorney in a murder trial involving a possible death sentence for a guilty verdict. You ask prospective jurors their views on the death penalty. You can increase your confidence in their responses if you have them state their views

A) While facing a mirror
B) In the presence of other jurors
C) In writing
D) After hearing the views of other jurors

Question 31

According to the control-theory model (CTM), an increase in internal self-focus of attention will increase the likelihood that the individual will _____ to regulate his or her behavior.

A) turn to the preexisting external standards of comparison
B) yield to the advice of other people
C) turn to a preexisting internal standard of comparison
D) yield to the process of social comparison
E) a & b

Question 32

According to the control-model theory, which individual is more likely to use internal standards of comparison to regulate his/her behavior when deciding how he/she is going to vote in an upcoming national election?

A) An individual high in public self-consciousness who is talking to his friend at a party as they express their opinions on government-funded health care
B) An individual high on the trait of private self-consciousness as she watches a news program where the panelists are discussing government-funded health care
C) An individual being asked his views on government-funded health care while being interviewed in front of a television camera crew for a segment to be aired on the local evening news
D) a & c
E) b & c

Question 33

An individual who is asked to present his views in the presence of others is likely to:

A) Express views consistent with what he expects the crowd wants to hear
B) Respond in a manner consistent with someone who is high in public self-consciousness
C) Rely on an internal preexisting standard of comparison to determine his response
D) a & b
E) b & c

Question 34

You are at a business meeting where you must make a good impression. During the meeting, you ask questions and nod with approval to show your involvement, even through you are really thinking about how relaxing it is going to be to work in your garden this weekend. This is an example of:

A) Self-monitoring
B) Self-deception
C) Covert self-expression
D) Overt self-regulation

Question 35

Debbie is able to shift her facial expression from sad to happy to surprised, depending on what others around her are feeling at the moment. Debbie is most likely a(n):

A) High self-monitor
B) High self-impostor
C) Low self-monitor
D) Low self-regulator
E) High self-observer

Question 36

Jack does not get invited to many parties because of his tendency to express his opinions, even if others disagree, and sentiments regarding the food and music. Jack is most likely a:

A) Low self-imposter
B) Low self-observer
C) Low self-regulator
D) Low self-monitor
E) Low self-expresser

Question 37

The extent to which individuals are able to regulate and control the expression of their behavior is assessed using the:

A) Personality Regulator Scale
B) Self-Monitoring Scale
C) Scale of Self-Expression
D) Self-Selective Expression Scale

Question 38

In addition to being able to monitor a particular situation, individuals who are successful self-monitors must be able to:

A) Assess the various behavioral alternatives
B) Determine what behavior will bring the greatest reward
C) Determine if they can perform the behavior
D) b & c
E) a, b, & c

Question 39

When evaluating the self-monitoring construct, you must consider it:

A) In combination with other personality characteristics
B) As it relates to other events occurring in a social situation
C) Because of the advantages to be gained for being able to control one's public expression of emotion and behavior
D) a & b
E) a, b, & c

Question 40

A car company is coming out with a new model sport car designed to appeal to middle-age consumers who have a secure job and home life but want to add some excitement to their life by driving a sporty, youthful-looking car. The marketing campaign will emphasize the youthful look the car will give its drivers. This illustrates the:

A) "Esteem" sell
B) "Hard" sell
C) "Form" sell
D) "Under" sell
E) "Soft" sell

Question 41

An ad for a clothing line emphasizes the high quality of the clothes at a very reasonable price. Its slogan is "Nothing fancy or flashy--just good clothes at a good price." Such an ad would most likely appeal to:

A) High self-monitors
B) High self-schematic individuals
C) Low self-monitors
D) Low self-schematic individuals
E) a & d

Question 42

To help reduce drunk-driving accidents, the police department started a billboard campaign that shows the facial disfigurement that can be caused by crashing through a windshield. This ad campaign should be most effective with:

A) High self-monitors
B) High self-schematic individuals
C) Low self-monitors
D) Low self-schematic individuals
E) a & c

Question 43

A young couple is looking to buy their first home. When looking at plans, they tell the builder that they are not interested in an in-home spa bathroom, master bedroom/exercise suite, and techno-kitchen appliances. All they want is a simple home with the basic set of comforts in a nice neighborhood where they can raise a family. This couple is making a consumer decision based on:

A) Form
B) Cognitive simplicity
C) Builder's remorse
D) Function
E) Collectivism

Question 44

A young couple is looking to buy their first home. When looking at plans, they tell the builder that they are interested in an in-home spa bathroom, master bedroom/exercise suite, and techno-kitchen appliances. They want things that will make their neighbors stand up and take notice. These two individuals are most likely _____ individuals.

A) high sex-typed
B) high self-monitoring
C) low sex-typed
D) low self-monitoring
E) b & c

Question 45

_____ individuals are more likely to read the material-content and how-to-care labels of a garment than consider how it looks on the mannequin when making a purchasing decision.

A) Feminine sex-typed
B) High self-monitoring
C) Masculine sex-typed
D) Low self-monitoring
E) a & b

Question 46

If you were to place a help-wanted ad that included a rather general job description in the classified section of the newspaper, you would most likely get individuals who are:

A) Sex-typed schematic
B) Low self-monitors
C) High self-monitors
D) Masculine sex-typed
E) Feminine sex-typed

Question 47

You operate an employment agency specializing in career goal setting and interviewing techniques. You would most likely want to target your services to:

A) Low self-monitors
B) High self-monitors
C) Fixed schematic self-monitors
D) Undifferentiated schematic self-monitors
E) c & d

Question 48

If you are a high self-monitoring personnel manager, you should be aware of your bias to evaluate applicants based on their:

A) Physical appearance
B) Personal values statement
C) Work history
D) a & b

Question 49

Because she has such strong feelings against the wearing of animal furs, Julie decides that she will not interview with any fashion design company that uses real fur in their designs. Julie's actions reflect a _____ identity orientation.

A) moral
B) personal
C) social
D) direct
E) structured

Question 50

While at a dinner party, the conversation turns to the wearing of fur. After hearing that most of the people in the conversation are against it, Julie expresses comments that are also critical of wearing fur. Julie's actions reflect a _____ identity orientation.

A) interdependent
B) other-focused
C) personal
D) collective
E) social

Question 51

The Aspects of Identity Question (AIQ) consists of ____ dimensions.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 52

In comparison to younger college students, it was reported that older adults tended to demonstrate a greater tendency toward a(n) _____ identity orientation.

A) personal
B) intimate
C) social
D) community
E) collective

Question 53

Ralph and his family are living well below the poverty level. Ralph is most likely to have a high _____ identity orientation score.

A) personal
B) intimate
C) social
D) community
E) collective

Question 54

Eldon is someone who dresses the way he wants while attending social functions and says what's on his mind, even if it might make certain people in a conversation uneasy. Eldon is most likely to have a(n) _____ identity orientation.

A) social
B) independent
C) personal
D) collective
E) active

Question 55

Richard always makes sure he knows what other people will be wearing to a party so that he can dress in a similar manner. He is also very careful about what he says because he does not want to offend anyone at the party. Richard is most likely to have a(n) _____ identity orientation.

A) dependent
B) collective
C) submissive
D) social
E) interdependent

Question 56

If you were have individuals attending a World Economic Summit compete the Aspects of Identity Questionnaire, you would expect individuals from_____ countries to have the highest scores on the collective identity orientation.

A) North American
B) European
C) Nordic
D) African
E) Asian

Question 57

Following a terrorist attack on their country, individuals with high _____ identity orientations scores would be most likely to place a "support our troops" decal on the bumper of their car.

A) collective
B) social
C) person
D) community
E) active

Question 58

Individuals who tend to have a high public self-consciousness score tend to demonstrate a(n) _____ identity orientation.

A) social
B) situational
C) structural
D) personal
E) individualistic

Question 59

As a career counselor, an individual comes to you and wants help selecting a career. The person states that she wants to be able to express her religious values and concerns for the environment but is not too concerned with earning a high salary. This person would most likely have a high _____ identity orientation score.

A) individualistic
B) personal
C) moralistic
D) social
E) functional

Question 60

As a career counselor, an individual comes to you and wants help selecting a career. The person states that she wants something that has lots of prestige and status, pays well, and offers lots of interaction with people. This person would most likely have a high _____ identity orientation score.

A) interpersonal
B) interdependent
C) social
D) stratified

Question 61

Jack lettered in cross-country, swimming, and fencing when he was in college. It is most likely that he would have a high score on the _____ identity orientation.

A) physical
B) social
C) activity
D) personal
E) individualistic

Question 62

Instead of buying an exercycle that she can ride in the privacy of her home, Debbie buys an expensive touring cycle and joins the local cycling club so she can compete with others while she gets her exercise. It is most likely that Debbie will have a high score on the _____ identity orientation.

A) interdependent
B) competitive
C) personal
D) active-interpersonal
E) social

Question 63

John is a member of the Young Republicans while Ann is a member of the Students for World Peace. Their membership in these organizations helps to contribute to their:

A) Functional self
B) Collective self
C) Social self-concept
D) Interpersonal self-esteem

Question 64

Behaving in a socially acceptable way and making your family proud of you are values popular in _____ cultures.

A) individualistic
B) paternalistic
C) collective
D) interdependent
E) intrapersonal

Question 65

"Tight" societies are to _____ cultures as "complex" Societies are to _____ cultures.

A) individualistic; interdependent
B) collective; intradependent
C) individualistic; collective
D) intradependent; interdependent
E) collective; individualistic

Question 66

Instead of going to college like his parents and all his brothers and sisters, Randy has decided to ride his bike across the country because he always wanted to test the limits of his creativity by living off the land. Such a pattern of behavior is an example of the expression within _____ cultures.

A) materialistic
B) expressionistic
C) dualistic
D) individualistic
E) matriarchal

Question 67

At a town hall meeting, a series of individuals each step to the microphone to express their views and feelings about a new tax to fund downtown development, which they consider a threat to a local wildlife sanctuary. Such behavior is characteristic of the _____ self.

A) collective
B) public
C) interdependent
D) independent
E) individualistic

Question 68

Regardless of how much it will disappoint your parents and other members of your neighborhood who have supported for years the neighborhood ice cream parlor owned and run by your family, you have decided to major in theater and move away from the town to pursue your dreams of being a stage actor instead of taking over the family business. You are expressing your ________ self.

A) Independent
B) Intrapersonal
C) Interpersonal
D) Interdependent
E) introspective

Question 69

At a town meeting, a group of individuals gets together to form a coalition to defeat a proposal for a new tax to fund downtown development, which they consider a threat to a local wildlife sanctuary. Such behavior is characteristic of the _____ self.

A) collective
B) public
C) interdependent
D) independent
E) individualistic

Question 70

When receiving the Outstanding Player of the Tournament, the shortstop credits the pride she feels in receiving the award to as being due to the inspiration she received from her teammates. It is most likely that this player is on a team from:

A) Spain
B) Italy
C) Mexico
D) the United States of America
E) Japan

Question 71

When receiving the Outstanding Player of the Tournament, the shortstop credits her competitive spirit to her dedication to training in the offseason and a love of the game since her early childhood. It is most likely that this player is from a cultural that promotes an _____ sense of self.

A) interdependent
B) intradependent
C) introdependent
D) independent
E) intrinsic

Question 72

Saying "I ran into the building because the road was slippery" is an explanation that is characteristic of the _____ culture's view on beliefs about responsibility.

A) individualistic
B) puritan
C) Southern
D) expressionistic
E) Eastern

Question 73

Saying "I did well on the test because I studied hard, not because the teacher gives easy tests" is most likely to be stated by students in _____ cultures.

A) interdependent
B) individualistic
C) Western
D) Eastern
E) collective

Question 74

In his acceptance speech for winning the Employee of the Year Award, the winner stated, "I could not have won the award without the special effort of my co-workers and the undivided support of my supervision." This individual most likely resides in a ________ culture.

A) Western
B) Independent
C) Northern
D) Introspective
E) Eastern

Question 75

Saying "The teacher does not give fair tests" is an explanation that is most likely to be stated by students in _____ cultures.

A) Eastern
B) Southern
C) Western
D) collective
E) interdependent

Question 76

You are most likely to receive a sense of personal gratification when receiving an award for being the most cooperative member of a department in a culture that promotes a sense of _____ self.

A) personalistic
B) functional
C) reflective
D) interrelated
E) interdependent

Question 77

A condition in the home of minority students who displayed a high degree of adjustment to college was:

A) Their ethnic language spoken at home
B) The ethnic composition of their neighborhood
C) The educational level of their parents
D) a & b
E) a & c

Question 78

While at college, ethnic minority students increase the likelihood of their successful adjustment to college when they:

A) Become involved in ethnic clubs and organizations
B) Establish friends with other ethnic students
C) Engage in the process of remooring
D) a & b
E) a, b, & c

Question 79

When recent immigrants from Cuba settled into to a community in south Florida known as "Little Havana," they were engaging in the process of:

A) interdependence
B) remooring
C) cultural reformation
D) identity personification
E) retrenching

Question 80

To maximize your likelihood of successful adjustment to college, you should consider:

A) Joining a student organization or two
B) Getting a part-time job
C) Living with a group of people instead of living alone
D) Taking courses in your major each semester
E) a, b, c & d