Question 1

A baby weighting 6 lbs. 2 ounces and 18 inches at birth weighs 18.5 lbs. and is 36 inches in length at age 1 year. What should the nurse say to the mother about this baby's growth and development?&#10;A) &#34;The baby is below desired weight.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Weight and height are on target for the baby's age.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;The baby is overweight and needs to have intake restricted.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;The baby is failing to thrive and needs nutritional counseling.&#34;

Accepted Answer

A child's weight should triple and length should double by the first birthday. The baby is at acceptable weight and height for the age. The baby is not below or above desired weight. The baby is not failing to thrive.

Question 2

The nurse notes that a young child has slow growth, learning disabilities, and behavioral problems. For which health problem should this child be tested?&#10;A) Lead toxicity&#10;B) Iron overload&#10;C) Excess vitamin D&#10;D) Calcium deficiency

Accepted Answer

The presence of lead in a child's body can lead to slow growth or iron-deficiency anemia. Lead toxicity can also lead to learning disabilities, behavior problems, and even mental retardation. Iron deficiency is associated with negative effects on cognitive function. Adequate intakes of calcium and vitamin D are essential for mineralization of bones and teeth. Calcium is needed for mineralization of bones and teeth.

Question 3

The nurse prepares teaching material regarding nutrient needs in adolescence. For which reason should the nurse emphasize that adolescent males need more protein that adolescent females?&#10;A) A preoccupation with appearance&#10;B) An increase in lean body tissue and muscle mass&#10;C) Differences in daily activities and attitudes towards health&#10;D) The development of needed fat stores in their buttocks and hips

Accepted Answer

Increased protein needs supports muscle growth. The daily requirement for protein among adolescent males increases to about 50 grams per day. This increase is needed to support increases in muscle mass. A preoccupation with appearance does not impact the nutritional needs of adolescents. Adolescent females, not males, develop appropriate fat stores needed for the breasts, hips and buttocks.

Question 4

An adolescent female student is concerned about gaining weight. How many calories per day should the nurse explain that the student will need for normal growth and development?&#10;A) Much greater than adolescent males&#10;B) 2,200 kcalories/day with 45 grams of protein&#10;C) About 3,000 kcalories/d because of rapid growth periods&#10;D) Limited to about 1,500 kcalories/day to avoid becoming overweight

Accepted Answer

The average caloric requirement for adolescent females is about 2,200 kcalories/day with 45 grams of protein. Male adolescents have a higher daily caloric requirement than females of about 2,500-3,000 calories with 50 grams of protein. The adolescent should not restrict intake to 1,500 kcalories per day.

Question 5

The mother of a 1-year-old client has placed the child on a low-fat diet to prevent the development of obesity. What should the nurse explain to this mother?&#10;A) It is never too early to worry about childhood obesity&#10;B) Children should be switched to a low-fat diet when they reach their first birthday&#10;C) Fat is an extremely important component in the diet of children under the age of two&#10;D) Studies have shown that children who are not on a low-fat diet often develop coronary disease as adults

Accepted Answer

Children under the age of two years require a high-fat diet for proper development of the brain and nervous system. Childhood obesity has been linked with adult coronary disease, but a high-fat diet is essential for development in children age two and younger. Children on a low-fat diet have shown a measurable decrease on mental and psychomotor scores.

Question 6

A parent is concerned that a 3-year-old child only wants to eat peanut butter and jelly at every meal. What should the nurse encourage the parent to do?&#10;A) Allow the child to get up and move around while eating&#10;B) Insist the child eat whatever food is prepared for the meal&#10;C) Provide the child with peanut and butter and jelly only if that is what the child wants&#10;D) Continue to offer a variety of foods but allow the child to eat the peanut butter and jelly if it is preferred

Accepted Answer

Insisting that toddlers eat certain foods does not usually lead to compliance. Providing the child with peanut butter and jelly only will limit food choices and decrease the likelihood of trying other foods. Parents should continue to offer a variety of foods but allow the child to consume their single choice. Remaining seated at a table can affect the quality of a toddler's food intake.

Question 7

A client is planning to return to work and wants to switch a 7-month-old baby from breastfeeding to cow's milk. What should the nurse explain to the client about cow's milk?&#10;A) It is a natural and adequate substitute for breast milk&#10;B) It is nutritionally more similar to breast milk than formula&#10;C) It is not recommended for children under the age of one year&#10;D) It is higher in fat content and may lead to an overweight baby

Accepted Answer

Cow's milk has different proportions of casein and whey and is not recommended for the infant's immature kidneys. High amount of fats are required for the development of the brain and nervous system in infants. Consumption of cow's milk is not recommended for children under one year old. Unmodified cow's milk does not contain the required amounts of vitamins and minerals for infants.

Question 8

A pregnant adolescent ingests a poor diet and rarely takes prenatal vitamins as prescribed. What should the nurse explain as the consequences to the baby of not ingesting an adequate amount of iron while pregnant?

A) Delay in muscle formation
B) The development of neutropenia
C) Delayed mineralization of bones and teeth
D) Delays in cognitive and motor development

Accepted Answer

When mothers consume sufficient iron during pregnancy the infant is born with iron stores to last for several months. Insufficient stores of iron may result in delays in motor and cognitive development. Iron insufficiency also results in anemia. Fluoride, not iron, is needed for mineralization of bones and teeth.

Question 9

A pregnant client plans to deliver the baby at home. For which reason should the nurse emphasize that the newborn will need an injection of vitamin K after birth?&#10;A) Newborn infants have insufficient vitamin K stores&#10;B) Breast milk does not contain an adequate supply of vitamin K&#10;C) Lack of vitamin K can result in bone formation issues after birth&#10;D) Only small amounts of vitamin K are innately inherited from the mother

Accepted Answer

At birth, infants have an insufficient amount of vitamin K stored to protect them from excessive bleeding. Lack of vitamin K in the newborn is due to the sterility of the newborn's intestinal tract. Vitamin K is needed for the production of prothrombin, which is an important component of blood clotting. The infant receives vitamin K from breast milk or infant formula. Vitamin K is not required for bone formation.

Question 10

A new mother is concerned that her 3-month-old infant is receiving an adequate amount of calories per day. Which amount of calories should the nurse instruct the mother that the baby needs for growth and development?

A) 450 kcalories/day because of rapid growth
B) 50 kcalorie/kg/day because of low energy expenditure
C) Use few calories/day to maintain core body temperature
D) Fewer calories per kilogram than adults because of high respiratory and heart rate

Accepted Answer

Infants up to 6 months require about 108 kcalories/kg/day. Infants up to age 6 months require about 450 kcalories/day to support rapid growth and meet metabolic demands. Higher respiratory and heart rates require more kcalories/kg/day than those required for adults. The amount of energy needed to maintain the core body temperature increases the kcalories/kg/day required for infants.

Question 11

The nurse provides care to clients in a rural health clinic. What should the nurse emphasize to new mothers when providing well baby care?&#10;A) Keep pets away from the child&#10;B) The importance of supplemental fluoride&#10;C) The importance of enrolling in the WIC program&#10;D) Measure the child's length and plot on a growth chart

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse provides care to clients in...

Question 12

The school nurse realizes that many children do not eat breakfast before going to school. What should the nurse encourage the teachers to do?&#10;A) Ask mothers to send in doughnuts for morning snacks&#10;B) Allow children to eat an early lunch if they become hungry&#10;C) Encourage children to bring in an extra snack to eat for breakfast&#10;D) Refer children who have not eaten to the school's breakfast program

Accepted Answer

The answer of The school nurse realizes that many children...

Question 13

The school nurse notices that overweight students are bullied by their peers and often have low self-esteem. Which action should the nurse take?&#10;A) Monitor the food they eat at lunch&#10;B) Suggest the overweight students increase their physical activity&#10;C) Call the students' parents and discuss their after-school activities&#10;D) Implement a weight loss program specifically designed for adolescents at the school

Accepted Answer

The answer of The school nurse notices that overweight students...

Question 14

The parents of a child with anemia follow a vegetarian eating plan. Which suggestion should the nurse make to the parents to increase the child's iron intake? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) &#34;Dried fruits are a good source of iron.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;You can eat beans because they are a good source of iron.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Ingest dairy products with the meal to increase absorption.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Drinking citrus juice with an iron-rich meal will help with iron absorption.&#34;&#10;E) &#34;Unfortunately, the only good way to increase iron intake is to provide meat for your child.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The parents of a child with anemia...

Deck 15: Infants, Children, and Adolescents