Deck 3: Carbohydrates: Plant-Derived Energy Nutrients

Question 1

Single units (molecules) of carbohydrates are called

A) fatty acids.
B) amino acids.
C) monosaccharides.
D) Calories.

Answer 1

monosaccharides.

Question 2

Dietary sources of fructose include

A) milk and eggs.
B) chicken breasts.
C) fruits and vegetables.
D) cheese and yogurt.

Answer 2

fruits and vegetables.

Question 3

The only non-plant source of carbohydrates are foods derived from

A) wild game.
B) milk.
C) fish.
D) chicken.

Answer 3

milk.

Question 4

During periods of rest and low-intensity activity, which of the following does the body use as its primary fuel source?

A) fat
B) ketones
C) carbohydrate
D) vitamins

Question 5

Insulin is secreted by the

A) brain.
B) liver.
C) pancreas.
D) gallbladder.

Question 6

Which of the following hormones is released when your blood glucose levels fall too low?

A) insulin
B) estrogen
C) bile
D) glucagon

Question 7

Without adequate carbohydrates to fuel its needs, the body makes glucose by

A) making new fat cells.
B) making new muscle cells.
C) breaking down muscle, heart, liver, and kidney tissues.
D) converting calcium stored in teeth and bones.

Question 8

Which of the following is associated with the development of ketoacidosis?

A) heart disease
B) gastroesophageal reflux (GER)
C) scurvy
D) uncontrolled diabetes

Question 9

Symptoms of lactose intolerance include

A) bad breath.
B) diarrhea.
C) gastroesophageal reflux (GER).
D) hives.

Question 10

Increased fiber intake is associated with a decreased risk of developing

A) kidney stones.
B) dental caries.
C) gestational diabetes.
D) diverticulosis.

Question 11

The fiber that is manufactured and added to foods and fiber supplements is called

A) functional fiber.
B) total fiber.
C) essential fiber.
D) dietary fiber.

Question 12

Which of the following health benefits is associated with consumption of soluble fibers?

A) regular bowel movements
B) reduced risk of diverticulitis
C) reduced risk of type 2 diabetes
D) alleviating constipation

Question 13

In healthy adults age 19 and older, the RDA for carbohydrate is

A) 75 grams/day.
B) 100 grams/day.
C) 130 grams/day.
D) 160 grams/day.

Question 14

Which of the following is associated with diets high in added sugars?

A) hyperactivity
B) tooth decay
C) ketoacidosis
D) decreased levels of blood lipids

Question 15

Jose's physician has recommended that he increase his fiber intake. When buying bread, what should Jose look for on the label that will help him consume more fiber each day?

A) whole-wheat flour
B) enriched wheat flour
C) fortified wheat flour
D) unbleached wheat flour

Question 16

What is the potential danger associated with prolonged gluconeogenesis?

A) obesity
B) damage to the muscles, heart, liver, and kidneys
C) osteoporosis
D) cancer

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of type 2 diabetes?

A) arises most commonly during adulthood
B) insulin resistance or insensitivity
C) often associated with obesity
D) develops during pregnancy

Question 18

Why can't insulin therapy be taken orally by individuals with type 1 diabetes?

A) Insulin is only manufactured in an injectable form.
B) Insulin is a protein and if taken orally would be digested in the small intestine.
C) Oral insulin takes too long to reach the blood stream and so is unable to affect blood glucose levels.
D) Insulin causes severe gastrointestinal distress when taken orally.

Question 19

Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the body doesn't properly process which of the following substances?

A) vitamins
B) amino acids
C) glucose
D) fatty acids

Question 20

In type 1 diabetes, the beta cells of the pancreas may be destroyed by which of the following?

A) breastfeeding
B) an autoimmune disease
C) low blood pressure
D) vitamin deficiencies

Question 21

Which of the following is associated with type 2 diabetes?

A) autoimmune disease
B) obesity
C) prone to ketoacidosis
D) body fails to produce glucagon

Question 22

Peggy Sue's doctor has just informed her that she has type 2 diabetes. Which of the following would be recommended for Peggy Sue?

A) Peggy Sue should be encouraged to lose weight by modifying her diet and adding activity to her day.
B) Peggy Sue should increase her fiber intake to a minimum of 35 grams/day.
C) Peggy Sue should restrict all dairy products or use a lactase enzyme.
D) Peggy Sue should start a low-carbohydrate diet immediately.

Question 23

Monosaccharides and disaccharides are classified as

A) simple carbohydrates.
B) complex carbohydrates.
C) simple enzymes.
D) complex enzymes.

Question 24

In photosynthesis, which pigment absorbs sunlight to make glucose?

A) insulin
B) indigo
C) amylase
D) chlorophyll

Question 25

Which of the following carbohydrates combine to form the disaccharide sucrose?

A) glucose and galactose
B) glucose and glucose
C) glucose and fructose
D) lactose and maltose

Question 26

The storage form of glucose in plants is

A) glycogen.
B) starch.
C) fiber.
D) protein.

Question 27

The primary goal of carbohydrate digestion is to convert

A) protein to glucose.
B) glucose to protein.
C) poly- and disaccharides to monosaccharides and then to glucose.
D) glucose to fiber and starch.

Question 28

When we eat a meal, blood glucose levels rise. Which hormone is released from the pancreas to assist in moving glucose into body's cells?

A) insulin
B) glucagon
C) estrogen
D) testosterone

Question 29

Which hormone assists in the breakdown of the body's protein?

A) insulin
B) glucagon
C) estrogen
D) testosterone

Question 30

At a recent doctor's visit, Marcos learned that he has an impaired fasting glucose level. This diagnosis means that

A) his glucose levels are higher than normal.
B) his glucose levels are lower than normal.
C) he has type 1 diabetes.
D) he has type 2 diabetes.

Question 31

A lack of fiber in the diet can lead to a condition in which pockets of tissue protrude from the wall of the large intestine. This condition is known as

A) celiac disease.
B) type 1 diabetes.
C) type 2 diabetes.
D) diverticulosis.

Question 32

The metabolic syndrome refers to

A) the result of a prolonged lack of carbohydrates in the diet.
B) excess protein consumption.
C) an inability to digest lactose.
D) the cluster of risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes.

Question 33

How may a fiber-rich diet lower the risk for type 2 diabetes?

A) It speeds digestion and increases glucose in blood.
B) It slows digestion and slows release of glucose in blood.
C) It increases fat consumption and reduces carbohydrate intake.
D) It increases protein consumption and carbohydrate intake.

Question 34

The estimate determined by the FDA of the amount of a sweetener that someone can consume each day over a lifetime without adverse effects is known as the

A) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).
B) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).
C) Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI).
D) Estimated Energy Requirement (EER).

Question 35

The brand name for sucralose is

A) Sunette.
B) Splenda.
C) Sweet One.
D) Equal.

Question 36

Alternative sweeteners such as saccharin are considered

A) unsafe for children.
B) unsafe for pregnant women.
C) unsafe for people with diabetes.
D) safe in limited quantities for healthy adults and children and people with diabetes.

Question 37

Amanda is an endurance athlete competing in her third triathlon. Her body provides the large amount of energy she needs by

A) drawing on glycogen stored in the liver.
B) using glycogen stored in muscles.
C) converting proteins in blood and tissues to glucose.
D) breaking down stored fat.

Question 38

One serving of each of the following foods has a glycemic index value of about 50, about half of that of glucose. Which food has the highest glycemic load?

A) boiled white rice (42 grams of carbohydrate)
B) bran cereal (23 grams of carbohydrate)
C) peaches in light syrup (18 grams of carbohydrate)
D) ripe banana (25 grams of carbohydrate)

Question 39

Carbohydrates are molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

Question 40

Glucose is the most abundant sugar in our bodies.

Question 41

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates is 15 to 25 percent of total daily Calories.

Question 42

There is no scientific evidence linking a diet high in sugar with diabetes.

Question 43

The Tolerable Upper Intake Level for sugar is 100 grams a day.

Question 44

A fiber-rich diet increases the risk for diverticulosis.

Question 45

In general, Americans do not consume recommended amounts of fiber in their diets.

Question 46

Eating too much fiber can have adverse effects.

Question 47

Lactose intolerance is the consequence of a milk allergy.

Question 48

The glycemic index factors in both a food's potential to raise blood glucose levels and its total grams of carbohydrate.

Question 49

Ketoacidosis is a dangerous condition that occurs when inadequate glucose levels cause the body to break down proteins for fuel.

Question 50

The AI for fiber is 50 grams/day for women and 75 grams/day for men.

Question 51

Hypoglycemia refers to blood glucose levels that are below normal levels.

Question 52

People with the disorder phenylketonuria (PKU) should not consume aspartame.

Question 53

Describes the health consequences of eating a diet high in added sugars.

Question 54

Compare and contrast starch and fiber by identifying which type of carbohydrates they are, describing their molecular structure, and explaining how their structure influences their main functions in plants and how they are digested by humans.

Question 55

Using what you know about how the small intestine and large intestine process carbohydrates, explain how eating dairy products produces GI symptoms for people who are lactose intolerant.

Question 56

Describe how the liver processes carbohydrates to provide energy for the body.

Question 57

Which portion of the wheat kernel contains most of the vitamins and minerals?

A) husk
B) germ
C) endosperm
D) bran

Question 58

Infants should not be fed honey until age

A) three months.
B) six months.
C) one year.
D) two years.

Question 59

Within the grain kernel, the endosperm is the region with the highest fiber content.

Question 60

Honey is more nutrient-dense than table sugar.

Question 61

The "Total Carbohydrate"line of a product's Nutrition Facts label tells how much simple sugars it contains.

Question 62

Samuel has followed a very-low-fiber diet for several years. He is in the process of incorporating more fiber into his diet. Explain the general strategy that Samuel can follow to safely transition to a healthy, fiber-rich diet and give some specific recommendations for fiber-rich snacks and meals.

Question 63

Because they have been stripped of their outer hulls, the legumes in the spicy dish known as dhal are low in fiber.