Deck 12: Understanding the Complexities of Health Care and Medical Professions

Question 1

The ______ is a complex, market-based network of individuals and organizations that provide and underwrite medical services.

A) U.S. health care system
B) national health care system
C) World Health Organization (WHO)
D) federal health care system

Answer 1

U.S. health care system

Question 2

What kind of health care does a family practice physician usually provide?

A) primary care
B) secondary care
C) tertiary care
D) emergency care

Answer 2

primary care

Question 3

A patient who is treated by a specialist for a health problem is receiving ______ care.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) emergency

Answer 3

secondary

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of secondary care?

A) a nurse giving a flu shot
B) a family doctor diagnosing high blood pressure
C) a doctor suturing a wound in the emergency room
D) a neurologist ordering an MRI scan

Question 5

Which kind of health care involves various specialists providing a complex set of medical services in order to diagnose and treat the most challenging health problems?

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) emergency

Question 6

A patient with a rare and invasive form of cancer would most likely be treated with which type of health care?

A) emergency
B) tertiary
C) secondary
D) primary

Question 7

Physician/clinical services and ______ account for more than half of annual health care costs in the United States.

A) community health care clinics
B) emergency room visits
C) hospital care
D) consultation services

Question 8

Factors such as medical litigation, the aging population, and treatment for the uninsured ______ the cost of health care.

A) increase
B) decrease
C) stabilize
D) rarely affect

Question 9

What is the fastest-growing age group in the American population?

A) under 20 years old
B) ages 20 to 40 years
C) ages 40 to 60 years
D) over 60 years old

Question 10

Where do most uninsured people seek medical treatment?

A) private practice offices
B) low-cost medical clinics
C) emergency rooms
D) multi-service clinics

Question 11

Health care in the United States is predominantly in the form of ______ medicine, a science-based approach that was largely developed in Europe and North America.

A) alternative
B) preventive
C) Western
D) holistic

Question 12

The main distinction between medical doctors and osteopaths is that osteopathic medicine places special emphasis on the body's ______ system, preventive medicine, and holistic care.

A) immune
B) neurological
C) musculoskeletal
D) cardiorespiratory

Question 13

A person who holds either an M.D. or an D.O. degree is primarily referred to as a(n)

A) physician.
B) specialist.
C) secondary-care doctor.
D) internist.

Question 14

Medical education typically extends ______ years beyond the undergraduate degree.

A) 2 to 5
B) 4 to 10
C) 7 to 11
D) 9 to 15

Question 15

Which of the following are common courses taken during the first two years of medical school?

A) biochemistry and medical ethics
B) surgery and pediatrics
C) physics and geometry
D) philosophy and radiology

Question 16

After medical school, most physicians receive further training during a residency in

A) a major hospital or medical center.
B) a health care clinic.
C) a community service center.
D) an internship sponsored by his or her academic institute.

Question 17

Who are the front-line doctors who spend most of their time diagnosing and treating common and routine illnesses and diseases?

A) primary care physicians
B) emergency care physicians
C) general practitioners
D) obstetricians/gynecologists

Question 18

What kind of care would a physician with a specialty in internal medicine most likely provide?

A) emergency
B) primary
C) secondary
D) tertiary

Question 19

What is the name for a primary care specialist in the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents?

A) general practitioner
B) dermatologist
C) pediatrician
D) obstetrician

Question 20

How many years of training beyond medical school do physicians typically receive?

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 21

What degree is awarded by most dental schools?

A) Doctor of Dental Medicine (D.D.M.)
B) Certified Dental Practitioner (C.D.P.)
C) Doctor of Dental Surgery (D.D.S.)
D) Registered Dental Provider (R.D.P.)

Question 22

What is the name for a dental professional who specializes in treating the gums and the bones supporting the teeth?

A) periodontist
B) orthodontist
C) maxillofacial surgeon
D) halitologist

Question 23

An optometrist typically has an education of ______ years after his or her undergraduate degree.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Question 24

Which health care profession uses methods including behavior therapy, group therapy, biofeedback, and cognitive retraining?

A) clinical psychologist
B) clinical psychiatrist
C) clinical physician
D) clinical pharmacologist

Question 25

What is the typical length of a doctoral program in clinical psychology?

A) 2 to 4 years
B) 4 to 6 years
C) 5 to 7 years
D) 7 to 9 years

Question 26

Complex illnesses are treated and managed by medical teams led by physicians and containing a mix of allied health care professionals, depending on the patient's particular medical condition. There are more than ______ recognized allied health professions.

A) 10
B) 30
C) 50
D) 80

Question 27

Registered nurses make up the ______ group of health care professionals.

A) smallest
B) largest
C) second largest
D) third largest

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of a registered nurse?

A) taking x-rays
B) administering medication
C) dressing wounds
D) recording medical histories

Question 29

What is the name for a health care professional licensed to practice medicine with a physician's supervision?

A) health care provider
B) registered nurses
C) physician assistant
D) osteopath

Question 30

Under the guidance of a physician, a ______ provides treatments that help patients restore musculoskeletal function.

A) health care provider
B) registered nurse
C) physician assistant
D) physical therapist

Question 31

A registered dietitian who coordinates medical and nutritional needs and provides nutritional services for patients in institutions such as hospitals and nursing care facilities is called a

A) community dietitian.
B) management dietitian.
C) consultant dietitian.
D) clinical dietitian.

Question 32

Which of the following terms specifically refers to practices used at the same time as, but not necessarily in conjunction with, conventional medical practices?

A) alternative medicine
B) complementary medicine
C) holistic medicine
D) Western medicine

Question 33

Which approach to medicine involves the diagnosis and treatment of illness within a biomedical framework using highly trained specialists and advanced technology?

A) alternative medicine
B) complementary medicine
C) holistic medicine
D) Western medicine

Question 34

Which of the following does complementary and alternative medicine NOT rely on?

A) the scientific method
B) the diagnosis of illness
C) prescribed treatments
D) the body's capacity for self-repair

Question 35

In what year did the National Institutes of Health (NIH) create the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine?

A) 1978
B) 1988
C) 1998
D) 2008

Question 36

For how many years has traditional Chinese medicine been practiced in China?

A) 3,000
B) 5,000
C) 8,000
D) 12,000

Question 37

Homeopathy was developed over ______ years ago in Europe by Samuel Hahnemann, a German physician.

A) 50
B) 100
C) 200
D) 400

Question 38

The premise that a potent connection exists between our minds and our physical health is associated with what type of complementary and alternative medicine?

A) mind-body interventions
B) acupuncture
C) homeopathy
D) manipulative and body-based methods

Question 39

What is the name for a professional who typically treats health problems associated with the muscular, nervous, and skeletal systems, especially the spine?

A) orthopedic surgeon
B) chiropractor
C) homeopath
D) acupuncturist

Question 40

The two groups of energy therapies include ______ energy therapies that use electromagnetic forces to treat patients, and putative energy therapies based on theorized energy or life forces emanating from the body.

A) physical
B) measured
C) manipulative
D) veritable

Question 41

The blending or combining of aspects of conventional Western medicine with those of complementary and alternative medicine is called

A) mind-body medicine.
B) integrative medicine.
C) traditional medicine.
D) inclusive medicine.

Question 42

Primary health care involves diagnosis and treatment of common illnesses such as acne, influenza, high blood pressure, and depression.

Question 43

Low-cost or free care to treat routine medical problems or conduct preventive screening is widely available throughout the United States.

Question 44

Researchers have estimated that more than 44,000 Americans die in hospitals each year as a result of medical errors.

Question 45

Doctors specializing in internal medicine (internists) focus on the primary care of adults, particularly the diagnosis and nonsurgical treatment of diseases of the internal organs.

Question 46

Dental school is typically six academic years.

Question 47

A podiatrist is to the ears what a dentist is to the mouth.

Question 48

Doctors of Optometry (O.D.s, or optometrists) are health care professionals for the ears.

Question 49

Both optometrists and ophthalmologists can perform surgery.

Question 50

A clinical psychologist holds a Ph.D. or Psy.D. in clinical psychology and provides psycho-socio-behavioral therapies to help people adjust to or overcome emotional problems or mental illnesses.

Question 51

A registered nurse is a graduate of a nursing school who has passed the licensing exam for the R.N. credential.

Question 52

A registered dietitian is a food and nutrition expert who holds a degree in dietetics and has passed a state exam.

Question 53

Most CAM practices are developed as a result of empirical evidence from research conducted via the scientific method.

Question 54

Acupuncture has been most thoroughly studied as a potential treatment for two conditions: low back pain and nausea/vomiting.

Question 55

Homeopathy is based on the "law of similars."

Question 56

Meditation is one of the newest and most widely practiced mind-body therapies.

Question 57

Osteopathic manipulation, chiropractic adjustment, and therapeutic massage are the three most common types of manual therapies in the United States.

Question 58

The central principle of therapeutic massage is that the body's soft tissues will function optimally when the circulatory and lymphatic systems are unimpeded.

Question 59

Energy therapies assume that energy is simply a denser form of matter.

Question 60

Alternative medicine is subject to government regulations.

Question 61

Integrative medicine is the blending or combining of aspects of Western medicine with those of complementary and alternative medicine.

Question 62

Integrative medicine is based on the Western view of patient care and the promotion of optimal health.

Question 63

Most academic medical centers in the United States prohibit the use of integrative medicine.

Question 64

Why does the large number of uninsured Americans contribute to the overall rise in health care costs?

Question 65

Describe the three main paths to becoming an R.N.

Question 66

What type of education is required for a person to become a registered dietitian?

Question 67

Explain what biologically based therapies are, giving at least one example.