Deck 11: Understanding Communicable Diseases: From Pathogens to Prevention

Question 1

Communicable diseases are caused by microorganisms called

A) antibodies.
B) antigens.
C) pathogens.
D) leukocytes.

Answer 1

pathogens.

Question 2

Which of these is a chain of the infection process?

A) pathogen à reservoir à mode of transmission à portal of exit à portal of entry à new host
B) pathogen à reservoir à portal of exit à mode of transmission à portal of entry à new host
C) pathogen à portal of exit à reservoir à mode of transmission à portal of entry à new host
D) pathogen à reservoir à portal of entry à mode of transmission à portal of exit à new host

Answer 2

pathogen à reservoir à portal of exit à mode of transmission à portal of entry à new host

Question 3

All these are among the six major groups of pathogens EXCEPT

A) influenza.
B) bacteria.
C) rickettsia.
D) metazoa.

Answer 3

influenza.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT among the causes of most common diseases?

A) bacteria
B) viruses
C) fungi
D) protozoa

Question 5

Which of the following is the place where pathogens live and reproduce?

A) incubator
B) reservoir
C) cage
D) cistern

Question 6

Which term describes the process by which a pathogen leaves the reservoir and enters another person?

A) new host
B) portal of exit
C) portal of entry
D) mode of transmission

Question 7

All of the following are direct modes of transmission EXCEPT

A) coughing.
B) insect bites.
C) sneezing.
D) sexual contact.

Question 8

Which of the following is an indirect mode of transmission?

A) sexual contact
B) sneezing
C) food
D) coughing

Question 9

Which of the following modes of pathogen transmission is an example of a vehicle?

A) mosquito
B) coughing
C) fungus
D) food

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a portal of entry for pathogens?

A) nose
B) hair
C) skin
D) reproductive system

Question 11

The time between exposure to the pathogen and the onset of clinical symptoms is known as

A) prodrome.
B) incubation.
C) acute stage.
D) recovery stage.

Question 12

Which of the following is the stage of response in which early symptoms appear?

A) incubation
B) acute
C) prodromal
D) recovery

Question 13

At which stage does an infection hit its peak?

A) acute
B) prodromal
C) recovery
D) incubation

Question 14

Which of the following does NOT happen after the acute stage?

A) death
B) recovery
C) incubation
D) relapse

Question 15

Which of the following is another name for white blood cells?

A) antigens
B) pathogens
C) leukocytes
D) antibiotics

Question 16

When phagocytes encounter pathogens, they do all of the following EXCEPT

A) surround them.
B) engulf them.
C) restore them.
D) digest them.

Question 17

Lymphocytes develop into which types of cells?

A) B and C
B) B and T
C) S and T
D) T and L

Question 18

T cells ______ pathogens.

A) destroy
B) detect
C) trap
D) restore

Question 19

B cells ______ pathogens.

A) restore
B) destroy
C) detect
D) reproduce

Question 20

Which of the following statements best describes how a vaccine prevents infection?

A) A weakened or dead form of a pathogen helps the body develop antibodies and immunity.
B) A live form of pathogen helps the body resist antibodies and infection.
C) A weakened or dead form of a pathogen prevents the formation of antibodies and spreading of infection.
D) A weakened or dead form of a pathogen prevents any pathogen from entering body.

Question 21

Vaccines are available for all the following diseases EXCEPT

A) influenza.
B) hepatitis B.
C) the common cold.
D) measles.

Question 22

Which of the following is the most effective way to prevent infection?

A) frequent hand washing
B) getting vaccinated
C) eating well
D) regular exercise

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT an example of a staph infection?

A) boils
B) impetigo
C) strep throat
D) cellulitis

Question 24

Which of the following is a staph infection of the skin and of the tissues beneath the skin that is the result of a wound?

A) toxic shock syndrome
B) a boil
C) impetigo
D) cellulitis

Question 25

Which of the following is the most common streptococcal infection?

A) meningitis
B) strep throat
C) MRSA
D) scarlet fever

Question 26

Symptoms of bacterial meningitis include all of the following EXCEPT

A) fever.
B) stiff neck.
C) hair loss.
D) vomiting.

Question 27

Which type of influenza is the most widespread?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) H

Question 28

About ______ percent of adults will contract mononucleosis by age 40.

A) 65
B) 75
C) 85
D) 95

Question 29

What is the pathogen that causes mononucleosis?

A) H1N1 virus
B) simplex one virus
C) Epstein-Barr virus
D) rhinovirus

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT one of the universal precautions for hepatitis B and C?

A) rinsing food before preparation
B) wearing gloves and disposing of them properly
C) washing hands after contact with bodily fluids
D) wearing a face mask

Question 31

Fungal infections include all of the following EXCEPT

A) athlete's foot.
B) ringworm.
C) histoplasmosis.
D) hepatitis

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT true of chlamydia?

A) Many people do not have symptoms.
B) Symptoms appear with 24 to 48 hours of exposure.
C) Antibiotics can treat it successfully.
D) Symptoms include discharge from the penis, vagina, or rectum.

Question 33

How is chlamydia spread?

A) needle sharing
B) kissing
C) blood transfusion
D) sexual intercourse

Question 34

Untreated gonorrhea in women can lead to

A) pelvic inflammatory disease.
B) syphilis.
C) chlamydia.
D) herpes 2.

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT true of pelvic inflammatory disease?

A) Its symptoms include irregular menstrual bleeding.
B) It causes infertility in about 100,000 women each year.
C) It develops as the result of untreated syphilis.
D) It can cause ectopic pregnancy.

Question 36

Which of the following is a sexually transmitted infection that causes a painless lesion or sore called a chancre at the point of sexual contact?

A) syphilis
B) chlamydia
C) genital warts
D) gonorrhea

Question 37

The stages of syphilis include all of the following EXCEPT

A) primary.
B) latent.
C) secondary.
D) preliminary.

Question 38

Which sexually transmitted infection results in the condition known as genital warts?

A) HIV
B) HPV
C) HSV
D) herpes

Question 39

Individuals who carry the human immunodeficiency virus but show no symptoms are referred to as

A) AIDS patients.
B) HIV positive.
C) HIV patients.
D) AIDS negative.

Question 40

All of these diseases are a concern in a bioterrorist context EXCEPT

A) anthrax.
B) botulism.
C) tuberculosis.
D) smallpox.

Question 41

Which of the following is a bacterial disease associated with cows?

A) smallpox
B) botulism
C) pneumonic plague
D) anthrax

Question 42

Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens.

Question 43

Vectors and vehicles are examples of direct modes of transmission.

Question 44

A portal of exit is necessary to pass infections to others.

Question 45

During incubation, a person experiences early symptoms of the disease but may not realize yet that he or she is sick.

Question 46

Most people realize they are sick at the prodromal stage.

Question 47

The immune system guards against pathogens.

Question 48

White blood cells are known as antigens.

Question 49

The two types of leukocytes are phagocytes and lymphocytes.

Question 50

A person develops active immunity when antibodies are introduced into his body.

Question 51

Passive immunity is long-lasting.

Question 52

Infants can acquire passive immunity by ingesting breast milk.

Question 53

Antibiotics promote bacterial infections.

Question 54

Antibiotics are specific to certain types of bacteria.

Question 55

A person who has been prescribed antibiotics should stop taking them 24 hours after symptoms disappear.

Question 56

Altered bacteria cause infections that can be virulent and deadly.

Question 57

Antivirals are effective for use during the entire course of a viral condition.

Question 58

Bacteria are single-celled organisms.

Question 59

Living in close contact with a large number of people decreases one's risk of contracting bacterial meningitis.

Question 60

Bacterial meningitis is a potentially fatal disease.

Question 61

The common cold is caused by a single, specialized virus.

Question 62

Antibiotics can be used to treat the common cold.

Question 63

Frequent hand washing is effective in preventing the common cold.

Question 64

Another name for mononucleosis is the "kissing disease."

Question 65

Medications available for herpes 1 only reduce the severity of symptoms.

Question 66

Herpes simplex virus 2 is also known as "oral herpes."

Question 67

Hepatitis A is a blood-borne form of hepatitis.

Question 68

Fungal spores cause athlete's foot.

Question 69

Ringworm affects children only.

Question 70

Ringworm is a non-contagious fungal infection.

Question 71

Gonorrhea is a fungal infection.

Question 72

Symptoms of gonorrhea appear sooner than do those of chlamydia.

Question 73

Pelvic inflammatory disease can cause ectopic pregnancy.

Question 74

Herpes 2 can be cured.

Question 75

Herpes 2 increases the risk of cervical cancer in women.

Question 76

The Gardisil vaccine protects against human papilloma virus.

Question 77

Abstinence is the most effective preventive method against sexually transmitted diseases.

Question 78

The majority of HIV cases in the U.S. today are caused by medical errors.

Question 79

Define pathogen and list the six major groups of pathogens.

Question 80

List the first three stages of response to a pathogen and briefly describe each stage.