Deck 8: Understanding Cardiovascular Diseases: Risk Factors, Symptoms, and Treatments

Question 1

Coronary heart disease and stroke account for ______ percent of all cardiovascular deaths.

A) 50
B) 60
C) 70
D) 80

Answer 1

70

Question 2

All of the following are types of cardiovascular disease EXCEPT

A) congestive heart failure.
B) edema.
C) atherosclerosis.
D) hypertension.

Answer 2

edema.

Question 3

Atherosclerosis involves a buildup of the following deposits EXCEPT

A) cholesterol.
B) fatty substance.
C) calcium.
D) vitamins.

Answer 3

vitamins.

Question 4

What is the process in which the inner layers of arteries become irregular and thick due to accumulation of plaque?

A) atherosclerosis
B) CHD
C) peripheral artery disease
D) coronary heart disease

Question 5

What is the term for the bursting of an arterial wall in the heart?

A) stroke
B) thrombus
C) heart attack
D) plaque

Question 6

What is the bursting of an artery in the brain called?

A) stroke
B) heart attack
C) hypertension
D) atherosclerosis

Question 7

What is the term for the build-up of patchy deposits inside arteries?

A) deposits
B) thrombus
C) plaque
D) embolus

Question 8

Any time atherosclerosis occurs outside the brain or heart it is called

A) rheumatic heart disease.
B) stroke.
C) thrombus.
D) peripheral arterial disease.

Question 9

Premature onset or accelerated atherosclerosis is caused by all of the following EXCEPT

A) smoking.
B) physical inactivity.
C) low blood pressure.
D) obesity.

Question 10

What is the term for the condition in which the major arteries surrounding the heart are narrowed or blocked?

A) cardiovascular disease
B) peripheral artery disease
C) coronary heart disease
D) vascular disease

Question 11

Coronary heart disease is usually caused by

A) atherosclerosis.
B) angina.
C) myocardial infarction.
D) blockage of pulmonary arteries.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true about coronary heart disease?

A) On average, women develop CHD 10 years earlier than men.
B) Estrogen serves as a protector against CHD for women.
C) Levels of estrogen in women decrease after menopause.
D) Heart disease is often referred to as an "older woman's disease."

Question 13

What is the term for tissue death to part of the myocardium as a result of a narrowed coronary artery causing insufficient blood supply to the heart?

A) coronary heart disease
B) stroke
C) angina pectoris
D) heart attack

Question 14

What does the medical term angina pectoris mean?

A) heart burn
B) chest pain
C) heart attack
D) back pain

Question 15

What is the medical term for chest pain or discomfort caused by restricted blood supply to the heart?

A) angina
B) myocardial infarction
C) stroke
D) ischemia

Question 16

What is the drug most often used to treat angina, and what does it do?

A) nitroglycerin; constricts coronary vessels
B) nitroglycerin; dilates coronary vessels
C) acetaminophen; dilates coronary vessels
D) acetaminophen; constricts coronary vessels

Question 17

When does a myocardial infarction occur?

A) when there is a sharp pain in the chest region
B) when one or more coronary veins are blocked
C) when one or more coronary arteries are blocked
D) when an artery to the brain ruptures

Question 18

Among those who survive a stroke, ______ suffer long-term disabilities.

A) 10-25 percent
B) 25-40 percent
C) 40-55 percent
D) 15-30 percent

Question 19

Which group has a higher risk of having a stroke and dying from it?

A) Hispanics
B) blacks
C) whites
D) Asians

Question 20

What type of stroke is the most common?

A) transient
B) hemorrhagic
C) ischemic
D) pulmonary

Question 21

During a transient ischemic attack, blood supply to parts of the brain is

A) disrupted for life.
B) compromised for a brief period of time.
C) decreased for a long time.
D) rationed for a while.

Question 22

Cerebrovascular accident is the medical term for

A) heart attack.
B) stroke.
C) coronary heart disease.
D) tumor.

Question 23

Individuals who have a heart attack without chest pains have all the following characteristics EXCEPT they

A) are likely to be over 75 years old.
B) have diabetes.
C) have had a stroke.
D) are female.

Question 24

What is the most recognizable symptom of a heart attack?

A) chest pain
B) nausea
C) fever
D) fatigue

Question 25

Symptoms of this type of stroke are similar to those of an ischemic stroke, but in addition, sudden severe headache, nausea, and vomiting are also common.

A) transient stroke
B) vascular stroke
C) hemorrhagic stroke
D) cerebrovascular accident

Question 26

All the following information about stroke is important to paramedics or emergency room staff EXCEPT

A) the symptoms.
B) the time the symptoms started.
C) the patient's most recent meal.
D) the patient's medical conditions.

Question 27

What is the purpose of an automated external defibrillator (AED)?

A) to restore a regular heart rhythm to people in cardiac arrest
B) to restore the heart into ventricular fibrillation for people in cardiac arrest
C) to provide the nervous system with electricity during cardiac arrest
D) to clear a blood clot from the heart during cardiac arrest

Question 28

Delaying defibrillation for more than ______ minutes reduces survival rates to less than 5 percent.

A) 2
B) 10
C) 20
D) 40

Question 29

Nonmodifiable risk factors for stroke include all of the following EXCEPT

A) gender.
B) height.
C) age.
D) heredity.

Question 30

The following are all modifiable risk factors for heart disease EXCEPT

A) high cholesterol.
B) high blood pressure.
C) smoking.
D) heredity.

Question 31

Nicotine and carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke ______ in the blood.

A) reduce the amount of oxygen
B) increase the amount of oxygen
C) increase high density lipoprotein (HDL)
D) reduce high density lipoprotein (HDL)

Question 32

Smoking causes all of the following EXCEPT

A) damage to blood vessel walls.
B) lung disease.
C) kidney failure.
D) cancer.

Question 33

Blood pressure is the ______ with which blood pushes against the walls of the arteries.

A) speed
B) rate
C) force
D) movement

Question 34

In a blood pressure reading, the bottom number is the ______ pressure.

A) systolic
B) diastolic
C) hypostolic
D) hyperstolic

Question 35

What does diastolic pressure reflect?

A) the blood pressure in the arteries at the body's extremities
B) the blood pressure in the arteries during aerobic exercise
C) the highest blood pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts
D) the lowest blood pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxed

Question 36

What is the normal systolic blood pressure range?

A) >120 mm of Hg
B) <120 mm of Hg
C) <80 mm of Hg
D) >80 mm of Hg

Question 37

Stage I hypertension is having systolic blood pressure at

A) 140-159 mm of Hg.
B) 120-139 mm of Hg.
C) <120 mm of Hg.
D) ?160 mm of Hg.

Question 38

What is normal range for diastolic blood pressure?

A) >120 mm of Hg
B) <120 mm of Hg
C) <80 mm of Hg
D) >80 mm of Hg

Question 39

Stage 2 hypertension is having diastolic blood pressure at

A) <80 mm of Hg.
B)?100 mm of Hg.
C) 80-89 mm of Hg.
D) 90-99 mm of Hg.

Question 40

Individuals with uncontrolled hypertension have the risk of the all following health problems EXCEPT

A) kidney damage.
B) heart failure.
C) stroke.
D) appendicitis.

Question 41

What is the term for abnormally elevated total cholesterol as measured from a blood sample?

A) hypercholesterolemia
B) hypocholesterolemia
C) hypertension
D) hypotension

Question 42

Which type of cholesterol functions to prevent plaque build-up in the arteries?

A) LDL
B) HDL
C) VLDL
D) DLD

Question 43

Which one of these total cholesterol values is defined as hypercholesterolemia?

A) ?240 mg/dl
B) ?240 mg/dl
C) ?200 mg/dl
D) ?200 mg/dl

Question 44

All of the following contribute to elevated cholesterol values EXCEPT

A) high cholesterol fat diet.
B) obesity.
C) infertility.
D) smoking.

Question 45

Fasting lipoprotein profile measures all of the following EXCEPT

A) total blood cholesterol.
B) total calories.
C) low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
D) triglycerides

Question 46

What is the recommended average ratios (total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol) for young adult women?

A) 3.3 to 3.8
B) 3.0 to 3.5
C) 3.5 to 3.8
D) 3.5 to 4.0

Question 47

All of the following can contribute to a high blood cholesterol level EXCEPT

A) a diet high in saturated fats.
B) obesity.
C) aerobic activity.
D) smoking.

Question 48

What is another term for abnormal blood lipids?

A) dyslipidemia
B) hyperlipidemia
C) hypercholesterolemia
D) dyscholesterolemia

Question 49

Obesity contributes to all of the following EXCEPT

A) high blood pressure.
B) high blood cholesterol.
C) arthritis.
D) diabetes.

Question 50

Diabetes has been linked with all of the following EXCEPT

A) low HDL cholesterol.
B) obesity.
C) low triglycerides.
D) high blood pressure.

Question 51

All of the following are risk factors for heart attack EXCEPT

A) scoring high on anger tests.
B) drinking too much alcohol.
C) intense cardiovascular responses to stressed conditions.
D) high HDL cholesterol levels.

Question 52

Which of the following statements about the Framingham study is NOT true?

A) Its researchers coined the term "risk factor" in 1961.
B) It concluded that the most influential risk factor for cardiovascular disease is genetics.
C) It has advanced our understanding of major cardiovascular disease risk factors.
D) It has increased awareness and advocacy of cardiovascular disease prevention and early detection.

Question 53

What is the purpose of cardiac catheterization?

A) to determine the extent of blockage in the coronary arteries
B) to seal a rupture in a coronary artery
C) to open up a blocked coronary artery
D) to surgically remove plaque from the coronary arteries

Question 54

All of the following are used to open blocked arteries EXCEPT

A) coronary angioplasty.
B) coronary artery bypass graft.
C) coronary endarterectomy.
D) coronary angiography.

Question 55

What is the surgical procedure in which a balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a diseased, narrowed coronary artery and then inflated?

A) coronary angioplasty
B) coronary artery bypass graft
C) coronary endarterectomy
D) coronary angiography

Question 56

A carotid endarterectomy works to restore adequate blood flow to the

A) heart.
B) lungs.
C) brain.
D) liver.

Question 57

When was the first human heart transplant performed?

A) 1947
B) 1957
C) 1967
D) 1977

Question 58

Coronary heart disease is one of the most common types of cardiovascular diseases.

Question 59

Cardiovascular disease is the number-one killer in the United States.

Question 60

Atherosclerosis causes coronary heart disease and stroke.

Question 61

The bursting of an arterial wall in the heart is called stroke.

Question 62

To confirm a stroke, a person has to experience multiple symptoms.

Question 63

Individuals experiencing a possible stroke can drive themselves to the hospital.

Question 64

Nicotine and carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke increase the amount of oxygen in the blood.

Question 65

Non-smokers have twice as much risk of heart attacks as smokers do.

Question 66

About 30 percent of people with hypertension don't know they have it.

Question 67

Only 3 in 10 adults exercise enough to achieve the benefits of physical activity.

Question 68

The most common form of diabetes is type I.

Question 69

Moderate alcohol consumption has been shown to reduce coronary heart disease risk by elevating HDL cholesterol.

Question 70

The behavioral approach to cardiovascular disease intervention targets lifestyle modifications.

Question 71

About 90 percent of people who experience a heart attack have one or more of the major risk factors.

Question 72

List and explain the six major modifiable risk factors for heart diseases.

Question 73

Discuss the three types of interventions used to reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke. Give examples of each intervention.

Question 74

Differentiate between modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Provide three examples each.