Deck 3: Biological Theory-Genetics and Brain Chemistry

Question 1

When a drug enters the body, it has the most severe effect on the:

A) Brain
B) Peripheral nervous system
C) Central nervous system
D) Spinal cord

Answer 1

Central nervous system

Question 2

_________________ effects will increase neurotransmitter production.

A) Agnostic
B) Antagonistic
C) Serotonin
D) Dopamine

Answer 2

Agnostic

Question 3

_________________ effects will decrease neurotransmitter production.

A) Agnostic
B) Antagonistic
C) Serotonin
D) Dopamine

Answer 3

Antagonistic

Question 4

Which of the following is not part of the brain reward pathway?

A) Cerebellum
B) Ventral tegmental area (VTA)
C) Prefrontal Cortex
D) Nucleus accumbens

Question 5

How do drugs directly or indirectly target the brain's reward system?

A) By inhibiting the circuit of serotonin
B) By inhibiting the circuit of dopamine
C) By flooding the circuit with serotonin
D) By flooding the circuit with dopamine

Question 6

Which of the following is not one of the three stages in the cycle of addiction?

A) Withdrawal/negative affect
B) Reward/high
C) Binge/intoxication
D) Preoccupation/anticipation

Question 7

Who was the first to provide recommendations for treatment for chronic alcohol inebriation?

A) Benjamin Rush
B) William Sweetser
C) Jellinek
D) Harry Jacob Anslinger

Question 8

Currently, the _________ model suggests addiction is progressive, chronic, and cannot be cured but can be managed.

A) Wellness
B) Psychological
C) Medical
D) Disease

Question 9

Which model indicates that some people are genetically or biologically different and therefore are susceptible to developing an addition?

A) Neurobiological
B) Dispositional
C) Agnostic
D) Antagonistic

Question 10

The ___________ model indicates that addiction is a result of a brain's structure and function being changed by exposure to alcohol and other drugs.

A) Neurobiological
B) Dispositional
C) Agnostic
D) Antagonistic

Question 11

Who developed the Hijacked Brain Theory?

A) Dr. William Sweetser
B) Dr. Alan Leshner
C) Dr. Benjamin Rush
D) National Institutes of Drug Abuse

Question 12

According to the Hijacked Brain Theory, when it is especially dangerous for individuals to use substances and later become addicted?

A) Childhood
B) Adolescence
C) Young adulthood
D) Middle adulthood

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT an example of a depressant?

A) Amphetamines
B) Sedatives
C) Alcohol
D) Opioids

Question 14

Which of the following is the most abused substance?

A) Sedatives
B) Cocaine
C) Marijuana
D) Alcohol

Question 15

The amount of pure ethanol in a drink is called _____________.

A) Blood alcohol content
B) Alcohol
C) Proof
D) Ether

Question 16

Sedatives are often prescribed to treat:

A) Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
B) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
C) Depression
D) Anxiety

Question 17

__________________ causes drowsiness and gives a feeling of calm.

A) Tobacco
B) Cocaine
C) Sedatives
D) Alcohol

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the most common type of drugs in the sedatives category?

A) Opioids
B) Sleep medications
C) Benzodiazepines
D) Barbiturates

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a type of opioid?

A) Natural occurring
B) Natural growing
C) Synthetic
D) Semisynthetic

Question 20

Which of the following stimulant is mainly prescribed to treat Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

A) Opioids
B) Marijuana
C) Cocaine
D) Amphetamines

Question 21

Which population is particularly at-risk for abusing prescriptive stimulants?

A) College students
B) Low-income adults
C) Older adults
D) High school students

Question 22

What is the active agent in Marijuana?

A) Proof
B) THC
C) Semisynthetics
D) Nicotine

Question 23

Which of the following is the largest preventable cause of death in the U.S.?

A) Tobacco
B) Alcohol
C) Amphetamines
D) Marijuana

Question 24

The primary uses of neuroscience for professional counselors are for:

A) Conceptualization
B) Treatment
C) Assessment
D) Conceptualization and psychoeducation

Question 25

The human brain has approximately 100 billion neurons.

Question 26

Drugs that increase GABA are stimulants and those that decrease GABA are depressants.

Question 27

Jellinek's U-shaped model has been found to be reliable with all populations to describe the course of alcohol addiction.

Question 28

The disease model of addiction is categorized by two models: dispositional and neurobiological.

Question 29

Depressants inhibit a person's central nervous center.

Question 30

Stimulants excite a person's central nervous center.

Question 31

Heroin is a particularly addictive sedative.

Question 32

Cocaine use has been increasing over the past three decades in the U.S..

Question 33

Women are more likely to use tobacco than men.

Question 34

Psychoeducation informs a counselor's treatment approach.

Question 35

It is suggested that changing social policy in the areas of health care and criminal justice would benefit society in general as well as those living with addiction.

Question 36

What neurotransmitters are the most involved in the addictive process? Briefly describe each of their functions.

Question 37

What is the reward pathway? How does it contribute to the cycle of addiction?

Question 38

Name and describe the three stages in the cycle of addiction?

Question 39

Describe which parts of the Central Nervous System are affected by alcohol and how they are affected.

Question 40

Describe the purpose of psychoeducation and who it occurs with.

Question 41

What are the strengths and weaknesses of the biological theory of addiction?