Question 1

Which of the following describes unique community health components that are complementary to a population health approach and guide clinical practice?&#10;A) Leadership is most often provided by experts, researchers, and governments.&#10;B) Community assets are identified by experts in population health.&#10;C) Relational aspects, partnerships, and community engagement are priorities.&#10;D) Health status linked to epidemiology and economics inquiry is highlighted.

Accepted Answer

The unique community health components that guide clinical practice, such as in community health nursing practice, and that complement population health components can be summarized as the relational aspects, partnerships, and leaders within a community and community engagement overall. These concepts are further described as involving groups of people (whether defined by geography or affinity) who engage in social interaction, build ties, exhibit awareness of identity as a group, and hold direct access to collective decision making.

Question 2

Why is there a risk that a policy designed to tackle the determinants of health as a primary prevention initiative may drift toward addressing individual lifestyle concerns?&#10;A) It is a misguided policy intention.&#10;B) Population health attitudes favour individual lifestyle concerns.&#10;C) There is little chance of policy design acceptance.&#10;D) A policy designed to address the determinants of health involves a great deal of upstream complexity.

Accepted Answer

A policy designed to address the determinants of health requires complex upstream action with multiple levels of collaboration targeted at addressing societal and community conditions. In comparison, a focus on individual lifestyle issues offers simpler, more direct action from an individual care perspective. For this reason, it is linked to the lifestyle drift noted in practice.

Question 3

Why would a health care provider encourage and plan interventions that include downstream, midstream, and upstream activities when responding to a population health concern such as obesity among school-age children?

A) Behaviour change theories require implementation at all levels of prevention.
B) Health status improvements are greater through when using all levels of prevention.
C) The planning involved is interdisciplinary and usually interprofessional.
D) Interventions risks will be reduced when you influence health status.

Health status improvements are greater through when using all levels of prevention.

Accepted Answer

Encouraging and planning interventions at all three levels of prevention (downstream, midstream, and upstream) maximizes the opportunity for health status improvements to occur and be maintained or sustained.

Question 4

What is the intended outcome of health communications?&#10;A) Mandatory participation of individuals in specific health-promoting activities&#10;B) Harm-reduction approaches in priority health care services&#10;C) Individual decisions and actions that improve health circumstances&#10;D) Hazard identification, including the hazardous agent and harm potential

Accepted Answer

Health communications is defined as the study and use of communication strategies to inform and influence individual decisions that influence health. This field uses theories that focus on individual motivation and capacity for positive action to develop strategies that can improve access to quality information and healthy outcomes.

Question 5

Choosing to publicly communicate a small increase in disease incidence as an &#34;outbreak&#34; rather than as an &#34;epidemic&#34; would indicate which of the following outrage management expectations?&#10;A) Expected outrage is high and the hazard is low.&#10;B) Public response to the concern will be limited.&#10;C) Public concern about the disease is not expected to be overly high.&#10;D) Expected outrage is low and the hazard is high.

Accepted Answer

Outrage management strategies are put in place when expected outrage is high and the hazard is low. Communicating that there is an "outbreak" of a disease can be less concerning to the public than communicating that there is an "epidemic," even though both terms have similar meanings in terms of risk.

Question 6

Why is knowing how to influence public policy a necessary skill for a health care provider who seeks to address the causes of a specific population health issue?&#10;A) Public policy development is a simple linear sustainable midstream process.&#10;B) Strong scientific evidence is always included in the policy-making process.&#10;C) Public policies offer upstream action that supports the social good.&#10;D) Policy changes provide predictable downstream individual action.

Accepted Answer

Policies help to support the social rather than the individual good and have the potential to create healthy environments and address health inequities. Therefore, the ability to influence public policy is an important skill for a health care provider.

Question 7

How does using an asset-based community development approach assist in responding to and addressing the determinants of health within a community?&#10;A) Experts identify community assets and then mobilize the community.&#10;B) Communities set their own targets using a partnership model.&#10;C) Communities begin by identifying community gaps in assets.&#10;D) Programs that are in place in another community are adapted for use.

Accepted Answer

Asset-based community development as a midstream approach is an innovative, positive community engagement strategy that aims to facilitate community empowerment to influence the determinants of health.

Question 8

Which strategic approach aligns with public health advocacy and facilitation practice to focus on community development advocacy goals while highlighting strengths in addressing community needs?&#10;A) Citizen juries in policy development&#10;B) Philanthropic social entrepreneurship&#10;C) Policy readiness initiatives and resources&#10;D) Asset-based community development

Accepted Answer

Asset-based community development is a strategic approach that empowers communities to take action by building on the strengths of community members, encouraging individuals within the community to recognize their own capacity to promote their general health and well-being.

Question 9

Why is understanding risk communication considered vital to effective population health activities? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) The factors that shape how people perceive risk are complex.&#10;B) Precautionary advocacy is relatively unimportant to public response.&#10;C) The risk of a hazard is the most important information to communicate.&#10;D) Policies may be needed to reduce high risk when public outrage is low.&#10;E) Hazard factors, perception of risk, and response by the public may be inconsistent.

Accepted Answer

How people respond to a particular hazard has less to do with how likely the hazard is to cause harm (or to what extent) and more to do with the perceived concern about a hazard by members of the public (known as outrage). Therefore, health professionals who are communicating about risk to the public must have a solid understanding of what "risk" entails and the factors that shape how people perceive risk.

Question 10

Which of the following represent(s) effective action for promoting community health? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Experts leading health promotion initiatives&#10;B) Public health advocacy&#10;C) Political economy framework&#10;D) Collective action effects&#10;E) Community-directed response

Accepted Answer

Effective community health action is stronger and more sustainable when experts facilitate initiatives rather than lead them. A community empowerment focus, along with a focus on structural determinants, such as a political economy approach, strengthens the impact and sustainability of health promotion initiatives in improving community health.

Deck 3: Approaches to Achieving Health for All