Deck 3: Philosophical Foundations

Question 1

The development of a well-considered philosophy provides the underpinnings that support the bridge between

A) education and work.
B) esoteric and practice.
C) theory and practice.
D) practice and patience.

Answer 1

theory and practice.

Question 2

Which one of the following is not included in the topics studied by a philosopher in an academic setting?

A) Aesthetics
B) Metaphysics
C) Ethics and logic
D) Astrology

Answer 2

Astrology

Question 3

Convictions, ideas, learning, values, experiences, and attitudes in the areas applicable to life are the building blocks that make up a

A) viewpoint.
B) philosophy.
C) probability.
D) notion.

Answer 3

philosophy.

Question 4

Which of the following is the literal meaning of the term philosophy?

A) The love of wisdom
B) The nature of the world
C) The love of opinion
D) One who seeks reality

Question 5

Using slogans to identify products is analogous to knowing a person's philosophy by analyzing the person's

A) sayings (quotes).
B) hearing and voice quality.
C) ability to read.
D) occupation.

Question 6

Loren Bensley describes a philosophy as

A) a synthesis of all learning that makes you who you are.
B) an abstract statement of one's actions.
C) a beacon that provides guidance for a career choice.
D) a continuous state of experiences.

Question 7

Select the phrase that does not describe philosophy.

A) A wisdom of the nature of things
B) A comprehension of nature and of reality
C) A body of knowledge that defines the parameters for the living and the dead
D) An integration of the past, present, and future into a coherent whole that is a guide through life

Question 8

A philosophy that is synchronous means the philosophical viewpoint a person holds is applicable

A) in all aspects of life.
B) only at work and at school.
C) only at leisure.
D) only at home, at school, and in the workplace.

Question 9

The practice former Surgeon General C. Everett Koop used to demonstrate his belief that HIV/AIDS was a health problem and not a moral issue was to

A) deny education about infected body fluids.
B) disseminate needles to inner city addicts.
C) limit condom use for sexually active couples.
D) deny education about high risk behaviors for the infection of HIV.

Question 10

Tamayose et al. found that the two most cited reasons students chose a career in public health were

A) enjoyment of the profession and the potential for high salaries.
B) providing a service to other and the work conditions.
C) enjoyment of the profession and providing a service to others.
D) the opportunity for advancement and working conditions.

Question 11

Which of the following factors was not found to have a major influence on students to pursue a career in public health?

A) Commitment to health improvement
B) Income potential
C) Community service to others
D) Enjoyment of the profession

Question 12

The philosophy that health has physical, emotional, spiritual, and social components, and that each is just as important as the others is termed

A) holistic.
B) humanism.
C) wellness.
D) symmetry.

Question 13

The philosophy that the human is a unified integrated organism is termed

A) holistic.
B) humanism.
C) eclectic.
D) symmetry.

Question 14

The philosophy that is visualized as the integration of the spiritual, intellectual, physical, emotional, environmental, and social dimensions of health is termed

A) holistic.
B) humanism.
C) wellness.
D) symmetry.

Question 15

Which of the following health education specialists believes in mentorship?

A) John Allegrante
B) Becky Smith
C) Marian Hamburg
D) Lorraine Davis

Question 16

Which of the following health education specialists believes that the expression of health is a starting point for professional interacting, education, and enhancement of health?

A) John Allegrante
B) Becky Smith
C) Marian Hamburg
D) Lorraine Davis

Question 17

Who is the leading health education specialist who describes health education as that which promotes, maintains, and improves individual and community health through the educational process?

A) John Allegrante
B) John Seffrin
C) Marian Hamburg
D) Lorraine Davis

Question 18

Who is the leading health education specialist who believes health education programming includes inter-sectoral cooperation, coalition-building, and networking?

A) Becky Smith
B) John Seffrin
C) Marian Hamburg
D) Lorraine Davis

Question 19

Who is the leading health education specialist who believes that the most fundamental outcome of health education is the enabling of individuals to achieve a level of freedom, avoiding unnecessary encumbrances to make enlightened choices?

A) Becky Smith
B) John Seffrin
C) Marian Hamburg
D) John Allegrante

Question 20

One way that a philosophy is not formed is by

A) considering both the advantages and disadvantages of certain actions.
B) learning from mentors and role models.
C) learning about the experiences of friends and relatives.
D) experiencing every aspect of life.

Question 21

Which one of the following was not a common theme of the individual philosophy of leading health education specialists outlined in the text?

A) Development of the individual's potential
B) Free choice
C) Learning experiences that enhance decision making
D) Health is a constant.

Question 22

Which of the following was not suggested in the chapter as being useful in the development of a professional philosophy?

A) Construct a list of your personal values and beliefs
B) Define what health means to you
C) Examine the attributions of people you admire
D) Examine the mission statements of corporations

Question 23

Which of the following questions is not used to formulate a personal philosophy for a health education specialist?

A) What are my ideals?
B) How do my values influence the way I act?
C) What principles influence my friend's decisions?
D) What factors help shape reality for me?

Question 24

Which health education philosophy emphasizes people making the best health decisions based on their needs and interests?

A) Behavior change philosophy
B) Freeing or functioning philosophy
C) Social change philosophy
D) Cognitive-based philosophy

Question 25

The health education philosophy that uses scenarios to develop skill in analyzing potential solutions is

A) behavior change philosophy.
B) freeing or functioning philosophy.
C) social change philosophy.
D) decision-making philosophy.

Question 26

The health education philosophy that uses self-monitoring, and goal setting to try to foster a modification in an unhealthy habit is

A) behavior change philosophy.
B) freeing or functioning philosophy.
C) social change philosophy.
D) cognitive-based philosophy.

Question 27

The health education philosophy with the goal of increasing a person's or group's knowledge, enabling them to make better decisions about their health is

A) behavior change philosophy.
B) freeing or functioning philosophy.
C) decision-making philosophy.
D) cognitive-based philosophy.

Question 28

The health education philosophy that espouses the enactment of policies or laws to enhance the health of individuals and groups is

A) decision-making philosophy.
B) freeing or functioning philosophy.
C) social change philosophy.
D) cognitive-based philosophy.

Question 29

A health education program that focuses on developing coalitions for the purpose of advocating for a smoke-free bar and restaurant ordinance would most likely be based upon which philosophy?

A) Behavior change philosophy
B) Freeing or functioning philosophy
C) Social change philosophy
D) Eclectic philosophy

Question 30

Which one of the following health education/promotion philosophies was found by Welle, Russel, & Kittleson to be most preferred by health education/promotion practitioners?

A) Eclectic philosophy
B) Social change philosophy
C) Cognitive-based philosophy
D) Decision-making philosophy

Question 31

A health education program that emphasizes increased learning and knowledge gains would most likely be based upon which philosophy?

A) Behavior change philosophy
B) Freeing or functioning philosophy
C) Social change philosophy
D) Cognitive-based philosophy

Question 32

A health education program that emphasizes behavioral contracts would most likely be based upon with philosophy?

A) Behavior change philosophy
B) Freeing or functioning philosophy
C) Eclectic philosophy
D) Cognitive-based philosophy

Question 33

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the health education specialist as expressed by the eclectic health education philosophy?

A) Adaptability
B) Resourcefulness
C) Matching the health education approach to the situation
D) Inflexibility

Question 34

Buchanan, Governali, Hodges, and Videto called for an integrated behavioral ecological philosophy. This approach most closely resembles which of the following philosophies?

A) Behavior change philosophy
B) Freeing or functioning philosophy
C) Eclectic philosophy
D) Cognitive-based philosophy

Question 35

A mission statement is meant to convey a philosophy and a direction.

Question 36

The word "philosophy" comes from Brazil and literally means "the love of wisdom" or "the love of learning."

Question 37

Philosophy can be defined as a state of mind based on one's values and beliefs.

Question 38

A philosophy does not have to be abstract.

Question 39

A person's philosophies help the way one sees the objects in the environment.

Question 40

The individual who rejects the possibility of alternative explanations is often practicing decision-making philosophy.

Question 41

Most people's philosophical views are altered somewhat as they study and experience the world in different ways.

Question 42

A philosophical foundation provides guidance for making decisions.

Question 43

Holistic philosophy is letting opinions define reality.

Question 44

Many health education/promotion students choose to work in the public health setting because it provides an opportunity to serve the community.

Question 45

Health is a moral issue.

Question 46

Different settings may produce the need for different philosophies.

Question 47

Most of the health education philosophies have the goal of bettering the health of the person or the group.

Question 48

Important in using a behavior change philosophy is the identification of the triggers that cause a person to practice negative health behaviors.

Question 49

In the freeing or functioning philosophy of health education, the health education specialist either overtly or covertly blames the client for negative health behaviors.

Question 50

The ultimate goal of the cognitive-based philosophy is to allow individuals to make the best health decision based upon their needs and interests.

Question 51

The decision-making philosophy is based on the premise that a person's acquisition of current information impacting health behaviors should create a dissonance and cause change.

Question 52

Included in the topics studied by a philosopher in an academic setting are ethics, logic, and theology between the ethereal and theory.

Question 53

Convictions, ideas, learning, values, experiences, and attitudes in the areas applicable to life are the building blocks that make up a philosophy.

Question 54

Corporate mission statements are analogous to identifying a person's philosophy.

Question 55

Philosophy can be described as a body of knowledge that defines the parameters for the living and the dead.

Question 56

A philosophy that is synchronous means the philosophical viewpoint a person holds is applicable in all aspects of a person's life.

Question 57

The practice of disseminating needles to inner city addicts used by former Surgeon General C. Everett Koop demonstrates his belief that HIV/AIDS was a health problem and not a moral issue.

Question 58

The philosophy of symmetry is espoused by health education specialists who seek to motivate their students or clients toward a balance among the physical, emotional, spiritual, and social components.

Question 59

The holistic philosophy is espoused by health professionals who acknowledge that the mind and body are not dualistic in nature.

Question 60

The eclectic philosophy is espoused by health education specialists who promote the basic premise of the worth or human life and the ability of individuals to achieve self-fulfillment.

Question 61

Becky Smith believes her role as a health education specialist is to assist individuals, communities, and society in improving their health.

Question 62

John Allegrante believes the goals of health education/promotion is to promote, maintain, and improve individual and community health through educational efforts.

Question 63

John Seffrin believes that the most fundamental outcome of health education is the enabling of individuals to achieve a level of freedom, avoiding unnecessary encumbrances to their making enlightened choices.

Question 64

The decision-making philosophy is the philosophy most often preferred by health education specialists.

Question 65

The cognitive-based philosophy is the philosophy most often preferred by health education specialists.

Question 66

The steps needed to formulate a personal philosophy for a health education specialist include the question of "what factors help shape reality for me?"

Question 67

The health education philosophy of wellness for all includes people making the best health decisions based on the needs and interests of everyone.

Question 68

The health education philosophy of decision-making uses scenarios to develop skill in analyzing potential solutions.

Question 69

The health education philosophy of behavior change uses self-monitoring to try to foster a modification in an unhealthy habit.

Question 70

The characteristics of the health education specialist as expressed by the eclectic health education philosophy are adaptability, resourcefulness, and inflexibility.

Question 71

The health education philosophy of freeing or functioning includes helping people make the best health decisions based on their needs and interests.

Question 72

Define the terms wellness, holistic, and symmetry; then compare and contrast them.

Question 73

Compare and contrast a life philosophy and an occupational philosophy.

Question 74

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of having a life philosophy and an occupational philosophy that are similar.

Question 75

Formulate a statement that describes your personal philosophy of life and identify the influences that account for your philosophy.

Question 76

You have been asked to develop a health education/promotion program for the faculty and staff at a local school. Create a 250-word philosophy statement about health education that you might use to hand out to the board of education that would support the program.

Question 77

Explain the benefits of using an eclectic health education/promotion philosophy.

Question 78

Determine which philosophy of the health education experts featured in this chapter you most agree with, and state why you made that choice.

Question 79

Explain how the behavior change philosophy might be used by a health education specialist in a clinical setting.

Question 80

Describe the process for developing a philosophy.