Deck 1: A Background for the Profession

Question 1

Which of the following phrases best describes the authors' view of the status of health education? Health education is

A) a calling.
B) a profession.
C) an applied discipline.
D) an emerging specialty.

Answer 1

a profession.

Question 2

The body of knowledge, principles, and concepts used in health education/promotion come from a variety of disciplines. Which one of the following is not one the major disciplines supporting health education/promotion?

A) Physics
B) Biology
C) Sociology
D) Medical sciences

Answer 2

Physics

Question 3

The "health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries and are beyond the control of individual nations, and are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions" is the definition of

A) public health.
B) global health.
C) population health.
D) disease prevention.

Answer 3

global health.

Question 4

An individual trained to use appropriate educational strategies and methods to facilitate the development of policies, procedures, interventions and systems conducive to the health of individuals, groups, and communities is known as a

A) community planner.
B) promotion specialist.
C) health education specialist.
D) professional.

Question 5

During the 1850s to 1950s, the primary focus of the public health effort in the United States was to

A) reduce health care costs.
B) control chronic diseases.
C) control infectious diseases.
D) develop national health care coverage.

Question 6

The greatest potential for reducing morbidity, saving lives, and reducing health care costs in the United States through health promotion and disease prevention was realized by the

A) early 1900s.
B) late 1950s.
C) mid 1970s.
D) early 2000s.

Question 7

Which one of the following is not recognized as a dimension of health?

A) Physical
B) Emotional
C) Spiritual
D) Political

Question 8

An approach to health that focuses on balancing the dimensions of a person's life through the adoption of health enhancing behaviors is known as

A) public health.
B) wellness.
C) community health.
D) health promotion.

Question 9

Which of the following surveys collects health data about college students?

A) The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
B) The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey
C) The National College Health Assessment
D) The National Health Interview Survey

Question 10

The federal government's 1980 document that provided a blueprint of the health promotion and disease prevention strategy is known as

A) Code Blue.
B) Healthy People 2020.
C) Quality of Life in the United States.
D) Promoting Health/Preventing Disease: Objectives for a Nation.

Question 11

The number of deaths per 100,000 population is known as

A) crude rate.
B) a specific rate.
C) the mortality rate.
D) the morbidity rate.

Question 12

A rate for a specific population subgroup (e.g. death rate for 40-50 year olds) is referred to as

A) crude rate.
B) a specific rate.
C) the mortality rate.
D) the morbidity rate.

Question 13

The average number of years of life remaining is known as the

A) death rate.
B) mortality rate.
C) life expectancy.
D) Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY).

Question 14

Which rate is the measure of premature mortality?

A) Mortality rate
B) Infant mortality rate
C) Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL)
D) Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL)

Question 15

The primary difference between the health education/promotion profession and other helping professions is

A) the establishment of written objectives by health education specialists.
B) that other professions do not have stated goals and objectives.
C) the use of the teaching-learning process by the health education/promotion profession.
D) that the cost of health education/promotion is much less than other helping professions.

Question 16

The social determinants of health include which of the following areas?

A) Genetics
B) Environmental conditions
C) Health behavior
D) Social and community context

Question 17

Which of the following steps is generally found in most planning models?

A) Learning activities
B) Needs assessment
C) Policy commitment
D) Review of self-help materials

Question 18

The determinants of health include which of the following domains?

A) Health services
B) Disease
C) Economic stability
D) Enrollment in higher education

Question 19

According to the best available estimates, behavioral patterns impact what portion of the population's early death?

A) 70%
B) 40%
C) 30%
D) 15%

Question 20

According to the best available estimates, social circumstances impact what portion of the population's early death?

A) 70%
B) 40%
C) 30%
D) 15%

Question 21

The use of vaccines is an example of which level of prevention?

A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Community prevention

Question 22

Wearing a safety belt is an example of which level of prevention?

A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Community prevention

Question 23

Providing education to a diabetic on how to use his/her insulin is an example of which level of prevention?

A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Community prevention

Question 24

Encouraging individuals to take a daily dose of aspirin to reduce the chance of a heart attack is an example of which level of prevention?

A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Community prevention

Question 25

Brushing one's teeth is an example of which level of prevention?

A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Community prevention

Question 26

Which one of the following disciplines and professions was not identified by the authors as contributing to the principles and concepts of health education/promotion?

A) Medicine
B) Education
C) Epidemiology
D) Anthropology

Question 27

The Health Field Concept divides the health field into four elements. The four elements are

A) education, epidemiology, medicine, and sociology.
B) development, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
C) human biology, environment, lifestyle, and health care organization.
D) human biology, education, social work, and behavioral psychology.

Question 28

The greatest importance of the Health Field Concept has been the

A) focus of health care reform legislation.
B) focus on health promotion and disease prevention.
C) institution of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
D) identification of health risks related to morbidity and mortality.

Question 29

The focus of health promotion and disease prevention efforts should be directed toward

A) biological limitations.
B) the Chain of Infection.
C) modifiable risk factors.
D) non-modifiable risk factors.

Question 30

What percentage of death could be prevented by controlling modifiable risk factors?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

Question 31

The interruption of the sequence of events to prevent an infection is descriptive of which of the following?

A) The Socio-ecological Approach
B) The Chain of Infection
C) Multicausation Design Model
D) Communicable Disease Model

Question 32

The major components of this model include agent, host, and environment.

A) Epidemiology
B) The Chain of Infection
C) Multicausation Design Model
D) Communicable Disease Model

Question 33

Which of the following disease models is most applicable to the prevention of chronic diseases?

A) The Chain of Infection
B) The Health Field Concept
C) Multicausation Design Model
D) Communicable Disease Model

Question 34

Epidemiology is

A) a method of applying primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention in a community setting.
B) concerned primarily with the empowerment of individuals in the of care their own health.
C) the study of the distribution and determinants of diseases in a specific population.
D) concerned only with life expectancy of humans.

Question 35

The level of prevention that includes strategies designed to reduce the incidence of disease is called ________ prevention.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) community

Question 36

Screenings are used by which level of prevention?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Community

Question 37

Providing training or instructing patients on how to modify their diets and take their medications to prevent a second heart attack is an example of ________ prevention.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) community

Question 38

Which of the following is the best descriptor of the socio-ecological approach?

A) Behaviors are influenced by interdependent domains
B) Social circumstances are the prominent domain that influences health behaviors
C) Genetics and the environment are the only variables of interest when developing interventions
D) Family influences are the most important determinant of health

Question 39

The first national document that presented a comprehensive national agenda for prevention presented objectives in three main areas. The areas include

A) preventive services, health protection, and health promotion.
B) increase quality of life, increase years of life, and the elimination of health disparities.
C) improve child mortality rates, decrease teen pregnancy rates, and reduce tobacco use.
D) improve the number of years of independent living, reduce mortality rates of cardiovascular diseases, and increase high school graduation rates.

Question 40

Which of the following is not considered a population-based approach?

A) Community development
B) Economic supports
C) Organizational change
D) Individual conversation with a physician

Question 41

According to the best available estimates, environmental exposures impact what portion of the population's early death?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 25%
D) 40%

Question 42

Having the ability to understand and respect values, attitudes, beliefs, and more that differ across cultures is a description of a

A) health education specialist.
B) culturally competent person.
C) professional.
D) epidemiologist.

Question 43

The difference in health between populations is known as

A) crude rate.
B) Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL).
C) Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL).
D) health disparity.

Question 44

The two primary causes of health disparities are lack of access to care and the lack of quality care.

Question 45

A crude rate is expressed in numbers per 100,000 population.

Question 46

To help change behavior, health education specialists must do more than just educate.

Question 47

The greatest potential for reducing the cost of health care in America is believed to be accomplished through the use of advanced technology.

Question 48

The first set of health Objectives for the Nation (Healthy People) provided a blueprint for health promotion and disease prevention strategies.

Question 49

According to McGinnis, modifiable behaviors are the single most prominent domain of influence of health.

Question 50

Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) is often described as the most comprehensive indicator of health and disease in a society.

Question 51

Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) is a measure of premature mortality.

Question 52

A rate used to express the impact of injury or disease is known as the Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY).

Question 53

Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) is a measure developed by the World Health Organization and the World Bank.

Question 54

Disability-adjusted life expectancy (DALE) is based upon mortality rates.

Question 55

The ultimate goal of the health education/promotion profession is to prolong life.

Question 56

The terms of public health, health promotion, and wellness are all defined in terms of preventing diseases.

Question 57

The primary role of all health education specialists is to evaluate behavior change in their clients.

Question 58

Crude rates and adjusted rates are both expressed in terms of the total population.

Question 59

Epidemiology is the study of how states prevent disease outbreaks.

Question 60

The term pandemic refers to an outbreak of a disease over a wide geographical area.

Question 61

The term endemic refers to the regular occurrence of a disease in a given population.

Question 62

The Health Field Concept focuses only on the health care system.

Question 63

Keeping a child's immunizations up-to-date would be an example of primary prevention.

Question 64

The use of antibiotics to treat a bacterial infection would be an example of secondary prevention.

Question 65

A person's age is considered a modifiable risk factor for disease.

Question 66

The basic premise of the Chain of Infection Model is that modifying events that lead to infections can prevent infections.

Question 67

There are several different models that have proven useful in the prevention of disease.

Question 68

Health surveys can be used to measure health or health status.

Question 69

Epidemiology can be used in health education/promotion to identify the needs of a given population.

Question 70

Empowerment at one level can influence empowerment at another level.

Question 71

Empowerment refers to people gaining mastery over their lives.

Question 72

Advocacy is a skill needed by health education specialists.

Question 73

Identify the four limitations of prevention and explain each.

Question 74

Compare and contrast the Multicausation Disease Model and the Communicable Disease Model.

Question 75

Identify four professions/disciplines that support health education/promotion. Provide an example of how each profession/discipline is supportive of the health education profession.

Question 76

Identify the three levels of prevention and provide an example for each level.

Question 77

Describe the role advocacy plays in health education/promotion.

Question 78

You have been asked to provide evidence of the health status of a given population (state or country); which rates and measurements would you use? Why?

Question 79

Identify a health issue in which you have utilized advocacy skills and describe two activities you used in your advocacy effort.

Question 80

Discuss the importance of participation in addressing health problems of a priority population.