Deck 9: Global Stratification

Question 1

What is the lesson to be learned from the story of garment workers in Bangladesh?

A) Coming to Canada is no guarantee of a better life.
B) There is prejudice and discrimination in Canada, just as there is in Bangladesh.
C) Living the "good life" is easy to attain for all those coming from Bangladesh.
D) Employers in Bangladesh have little money, but value the safety of their employees.
E) In Bangladesh, life-like labour-is cheap.

Answer 1

In Bangladesh, life-like labour-is cheap.

Question 2

Global stratification argues which of the following?

A) Patterns of social inequality in the world as a whole exist.
B) The greatest social inequality is within nations.
C) There is little social inequality between nations.
D) Similarities exist among countries of the world.
E) People who work hard very rarely remain poor.

Answer 2

Patterns of social inequality in the world as a whole exist.

Question 3

The wealthiest 20 percent of the global population receives about ________ percent of global income.

A) 25
B) 52
C) 63
D) 70
E) 77

Answer 3

77

Question 4

The poorest 20 percent of the global population receives only ________ percent of global income.

A) 1
B) 2.5
C) 10
D) 15
E) 25

Question 5

People in Canada with income below the government's poverty line:

A) live about the same as the majority of Earth's people.
B) live far worse than those living in poverty elsewhere in the world.
C) live far better than the majority of Earth's people.
D) live far worse than the majority of Earth's people.
E) live better than those living in poverty elsewhere in the world but worse than the majority of Earth's people.

Question 6

Which of the following is a legitimate criticism regarding the use of the terms First World, Second World, and Third World?

A) Global wealth has spread, and old wealth differences no longer exist.
B) The collapse of the former Soviet Union means a distinctive Second World no longer exists.
C) There are now only two types of countries-developed and developing.
D) The category Third World encompasses too few diverse countries.
E) The rich Third World exploits the natural resources in the First World.

Question 7

New Zealand, Hong Kong, and South Korea are classified as ________ countries.

A) high-income
B) low-income
C) middle-income
D) Second World
E) Fifth World

Question 8

High-income nations:

A) are evenly spread throughout all world regions.
B) lie mostly in the Northern Hemisphere.
C) are all within North America.
D) contain a majority of the world's people.
E) lie mostly in the Southern Hemisphere.

Question 9

The people of the high-income countries represent 23 percent of the world's population and enjoy ________ of the world's income.

A) about 25 percent
B) just under 50 percent
C) almost 65 percent
D) almost 75 percent
E) almost 100 percent

Question 10

High-income countries:

A) cover most of the world's land area and half the world's population.
B) cover half the world's land area and have half the world's population.
C) cover almost half of the world's land area and have almost a quarter of the world's population.
D) are the most densely populated countries in the world.
E) as a group are culturally homogenous.

Question 11

________ countries include societies that are currently transforming formerly socialist economies.

A) High-income
B) Low-income
C) Middle-income
D) Median-income
E) APEC countries

Question 12

What can be said about the countries that made up the Second World?

A) They were, and are, world superpowers.
B) Their socialist economies were overturned in the early 1990s.
C) Their new market systems have completely solved their economic woes.
D) Their new market systems have created more equality.
E) They have eliminated their internal political troubles.

Question 13

Roughly how many people live in middle-income countries?

A) 300 million
B) 4 billion
C) 500 million
D) 10 billion
E) 75 million

Question 14

________ countries are occupied by primarily agrarian societies in which most people are poor.

A) High-income
B) Low-income
C) Middle-income
D) Median-income
E) APEC countries

Question 15

Industrial technology has had the least impact on ________ countries.

A) high-income
B) low-income
C) middle-income
D) median-income
E) developed

Question 16

Select the attribute that is characteristic of low-income countries.

A) high productivity
B) most people living in cities
C) very traditional population
D) constant affluence for much of the population
E) safe housing

Question 17

A pessimist would use which of the following to make an argument about global hunger?

A) The world's economic productivity has risen steadily and has increased daily calorie intake and life expectancy.
B) A smaller share of the world's people are hungry now than in 1960.
C) The poor countries can scarcely feed their people now, and their population is increasing the most quickly.
D) The success in Asian countries provides evidence that poor countries can, and do, raise living standards.
E) Government policies are protecting Earth's resources.

Question 18

In low-income nations, poverty is ________ than in Canada.

A) more likely to involve men
B) more widespread and severe
C) addressed more effectively
D) less serious a problem
E) more a function of personal choice

Question 19

Based on your knowledge of poverty in the poorest nations, what would you conclude?

A) Absolute poverty is a larger problem in rich nations than in poor nations.
B) Relative poverty is a larger problem in poor nations than in rich nations.
C) Poverty in poor countries is more severe and more widespread than it is in Canada.
D) Poverty is as severe and extensive in Canada as it is in poor countries.
E) Poverty in Canada is a minor problem.

Question 20

The text's discussion of las colonias illustrates:

A) America's "Third World" community.
B) the importance of hard work in determining wealth.
C) Mexico's struggle with poverty.
D) the role of the American government in reducing poverty in Mexico.
E) how Hispanic Americans are giving up the "American Dream."

Question 21

Based on the data in the chapter's table on wealth and well-being, which of the following is true for the high-income countries?

A) The countries with average per capita income have the highest quality of life.
B) Among all high-income countries, the USA and UK are closest in per person income.
C) The USA and Canada resemble each other in per person income and quality of life.
D) Low-income countries have the highest quality of life.
E) High-income countries are not that advantaged.

Question 22

Based on the data in the chapter's table on wealth and well-being, which of the following is true for the low-income countries?

A) Asia is the continent with the consistently highest per person income.
B) Latin America is the continent with the consistently lowest per person income.
C) Africa's colonial linkages to Europe have paid off in higher per person income.
D) Despite low income, their quality of life index is comparable to those of middle-income nations.
E) Democratic Republic of the Congo has the lowest gross national income.

Question 23

Which country has the highest score on the quality of life index?

A) Canada
B) Norway
C) USA
D) France
E) Japan

Question 24

Death in high-income countries occurs among:

A) those older than age 65.
B) young adults age 30 to 59.
C) older adults, over age 59 but under age 65.
D) children under age 10.
E) infants under age 1.

Question 25

Which continent has the greatest degree of absolute poverty?

A) Asia
B) South America
C) Africa
D) North America
E) Oceania

Question 26

How many people in the world die each year due to starvation?

A) 500 000
B) 5 million
C) 1 million
D) 9 million
E) 50 million

Question 27

Half of all deaths in low-income countries occur among:

A) those older than age 75.
B) young adults age 30 to 59.
C) older adults, over age 60 but under age 75.
D) children under age 10.
E) infants under age 1.

Question 28

Which of the following is one of the daily activities of approximately 100 million city children in poor countries?

A) begging and stealing
B) selling consumer goods
C) living in state-supported orphanages
D) serving as couriers for government post offices
E) living in rural areas

Question 29

What is the difference between the economic position of a female in a high-income versus a low-income country?

A) stronger in the low-income country
B) weaker in the low-income country
C) the same
D) not possible to compare
E) wealthier in the low-income country

Question 30

Which of the following is one of the factors that explain why women face greater economic disadvantage in low-income societies?

A) lack of adherence to traditional norms
B) regular access to birth control
C) females own most of the land
D) females have primary responsibility for raising earning income
E) females have limited opportunities for advanced schooling

Question 31

According to the International Labour Organization, at least ________ men, women, and children live today in slavery.

A) 5000
B) 100 000
C) 400 000
D) 20 million
E) 100 million

Question 32

Jana has been moved from one place to another for the purpose of performing forced labour; she has been subjected to _______________.

A) debt bondage
B) servile forms of marriage
C) owner's slavery
D) chattel slavery
E) human trafficking

Question 33

________ countries have the highest birth rates in the world.

A) High-income
B) Low-income
C) Middle-income
D) Industrialized
E) Developed

Question 34

Which of the following would be the most effective solution to decrease poverty in low-income countries?

A) increase technology, lower population growth, and encourage traditional values
B) increase technology, lower population growth, and encourage modernized values
C) decrease technology, heighten population growth, and encourage traditional values
D) decrease technology, lower population growth, and encourage modernized values
E) increase technology, maintain population growth, and encourage traditional values

Question 35

When a multinational corporation exploits a low-income country in order to create favourable economic conditions, the circumstance is referred to as:

A) economic exploitation.
B) neocolonialism.
C) corporate slavery.
D) international bondage.
E) multinationalism.

Question 36

The term for the global form of international economic exploitation that does not involve direct political control but rather the operation of multinational corporations is:

A) colonialism
B) neocolonialism
C) manifest destiny
D) free trade
E) globalization

Question 37

Which of the following is an important correlate of global poverty?

A) population decline
B) social equality
C) gender equality
D) cultural patterns
E) foreign aid

Question 38

Modernization theory maintains which of the following?

A) The poorer countries will never "catch up" to the richest countries.
B) Underdevelopment results from traditionalism and foreign penetration.
C) Global poverty historically stems from the exploitation of poor societies by rich societies.
D) Global inequality reflects differing levels of technological development among societies.
E) Global inequality is best understood by recognizing the cultural homogeneity that exists.

Question 39

According to modernization theory, which of the following is a primary cause of global poverty?

A) traditional culture
B) Colonialism caused economic dependence among some countries.
C) Global resources are concentrated in the rich countries.
D) Rich nations impede the economic development of poor nations.
E) High-income countries confer advantages on themselves while generating massive foreign debt in low-income countries.

Question 40

Choose the social theorist whose work is most compatible with modernization theory.

A) Max Weber
B) George Herbert Mead
C) Karl Marx
D) Emile Durkheim
E) C. Wright Mills

Question 41

What is the term for the stage in Rostow's modernization approach where emphasis is placed on family and community and on spiritual richness?

A) traditional
B) drive to technological maturity
C) take-off
D) high mass consumption
E) investment

Question 42

What is the term for the stage in Rostow's modernization approach where the economy grows slowly, trade for profit is initiated, and there is a developing spirit of individualism?

A) traditional
B) drive to technological maturity
C) take-off
D) high mass consumption
E) investment

Question 43

What is the term for the stage in Rostow's modernization approach where emphasis is placed on the pursuit of high standards of living, along with the emergence of diversified economies?

A) traditional
B) drive to technological maturity
C) take-off
D) high mass consumption
E) investment

Question 44

Using Rostow's stages of modernization approach, modern-day Mexico, Puerto Rico, and South Korea would be considered to be in what stage of development?

A) traditional
B) investment
C) drive to technological maturity
D) take-off
E) high mass consumption

Question 45

Which of the following gives the correct order of stages of modernization according to W.W. Rostow?

A) high mass consumption, traditional, drive to technological maturity, take-off
B) traditional, drive to technological maturity, take-off, high mass consumption
C) high mass consumption, traditional, take-off, drive to technological maturity
D) traditional, take-off, drive to technological maturity, high mass consumption
E) traditional, drive to technological maturity, high mass consumption, take-off

Question 46

What is the term for the stage in Rostow's modernization approach where goods are mass produced and industrial technology creates a high standard of living?

A) traditional
B) drive to technological maturity
C) take-off
D) investment
E) high mass consumption

Question 47

Using Rostow's stages of modernization approach, what stage of development is contemporary Canada in?

A) traditional
B) drive to technological maturity
C) take-off
D) investment
E) high mass consumption

Question 48

What is the term for the use of new hybrid seeds, modern irrigation methods, and chemical fertilizers and pesticides to increase food production in poorer countries?

A) Brazilian Miracle
B) Malthusian Solution
C) Green Revolution
D) The Final Solution
E) The Ultimate Solution

Question 49

Which of the following is a way in which high-income countries play a role in global economic development, according to modernization theory?

A) controlling population
B) decreasing food production
C) decreasing political interference
D) introducing computer technology
E) withdrawing foreign aid

Question 50

Which of the following is a reasonable criticism of modernization theory?

A) This theory ignores the evolution of societies.
B) This theory holds up low-income countries as the standard by which the rest of humanity should be judged.
C) This theory is dominated by the biases of Eastern theorists and is an ethnocentric theory.
D) This theory blames the rich countries themselves for their own plight.
E) This theory treats high- and low-income societies as separate worlds.

Question 51

Canada is in which stage of Rostow's stages of modernization?

A) traditional stage
B) drive to technological maturity
C) take-off stage
D) over-the-top stage
E) high mass consumption

Question 52

Dependency theory argues which of the following?

A) Neocolonialism is the main cause of global poverty today.
B) Colonialism is the main cause of global poverty today.
C) A structural-functional analysis of global poverty best explains global stratification.
D) High-income countries are part of the solution to global poverty.
E) Traditional culture is a primary cause of global poverty.

Question 53

Which of the following statements reflects dependency theory?

A) The gap between low-income and high-income countries will narrow under global capitalism.
B) Global poverty stems from exploitation of poor societies by rich societies.
C) Development throughout the world happens in an evolutionary way.
D) Rich country development will lead to development of poor countries.
E) Global populations are dependent on the natural environment for development.

Question 54

What does dependency theory say about global inequality in a historical perspective?

A) The inequality gap has steadily narrowed during the capitalist era.
B) The Industrial Revolution has brought technological forces that will someday equalize all the people of the world.
C) Before the Industrial Revolution, most of the people living in poor societies were better off economically than they are today.
D) The development of rich societies leads to the improvement of poor societies.
E) The overthrow of socialist regimes will lead to less dependency on the state.

Question 55

What colonial power boasted that the "sun never set"on its empire?

A) Spain
B) France
C) Great Britain
D) Germany
E) United States

Question 56

According to Wallerstein, ________ nations are at the "core"of the world economy.

A) authoritarian
B) low-income
C) middle-income
D) socialist
E) high-income

Question 57

According to Wallerstein, ________ nations are at the periphery of the world economy.

A) high-income
B) low-income
C) middle-income
D) socialist
E) authoritarian

Question 58

According to Wallerstein, which of the following is a cause of dependency?

A) industrialized economies
B) integration into the world economy
C) industrial capacity
D) foreign debt
E) equal trade patterns

Question 59

Collectively, poor nations owe rich nations more than:

A) $10 million
B) $100 million
C) $100 billion
D) $1 trillion
E) $4 trillion

Question 60

A dependency theorist argues which of the following?

A) As low-income nations begin to modernize, poverty will disappear.
B) Rich countries have overdeveloped themselves as they have underdeveloped the rest of the world.
C) Rich countries help poor countries through programs of population control.
D) Poverty is natural and inevitable.
E) The level of inequality is the only constant.

Question 61

Dependency theory may be criticized for:

A) ignoring the works of Marx on development.
B) being Eurocentric in tone.
C) wrongly treating wealth as if no one gets richer without someone else getting poorer.
D) differing little from modernization theory.
E) overemphasizing the economic dependency fostered by the former Soviet Union.

Question 62

Which of the following is consistent with empirical evidence regarding global stratification?

A) Over the course of the twentieth century, living standards declined in most of the world.
B) No nation has a market economy completely free of corporate involvement.
C) The economic output of the poorest countries has almost tripled over the course of the twentieth century.
D) Both modernization and dependency theories are being rejected in light of recent trends.
E) Absolute and relative economic inequality have decreased equally since 1900.

Question 63

Which of the following is an insight about global stratification derived from the sociological theories?

A) Modernization theory points out that poverty is a political issue.
B) Dependency theory points out that global inequality is an issue of technology.
C) The vast gulf that separates the world's richest and poorest people puts everyone at greater risk of war.
D) Most societies seeking economic growth favour a market economy completely controlled by the government in order to avoid economic inequality.
E) Although economic development raises living standards, it also places greater strains on the natural environment.

Question 64

Over the course of the previous century, global inequality has:

A) decreased sharply.
B) stayed about the same.
C) increased.
D) become smaller, but not by much.
E) been almost eliminated completely.

Question 65

The greatest social inequality is within nations, not between them.

Question 66

Global stratification refers to patterns of social inequality in the world as a whole.

Question 67

The average person in Canada is well off by world standards.

Question 68

The world's richest person has more wealth than the total economic output of world's 100 poorest countries.

Question 69

The "three worlds"model gives a better picture of the relative economic development of various countries.

Question 70

Although there is obvious stratification, both in Canada and globally, in some countries there is no stratification system.

Question 71

High-income nations are rich because they were the first to be transformed by the Industrial Revolution.

Question 72

Of the entire world's income, more than one-half is enjoyed by the minority of humanity living in high-income countries.

Question 73

Eastern European countries are primarily middle-income countries.

Question 74

Las colonias is a desperately poor community in Texas, USA, that resembles a "Third World"country.

Question 75

Compared to the high-income countries, low-income countries are not as densely populated.

Question 76

Low-income countries are home to almost 20 percent of the global population.

Question 77

Virtually all low-income countries experience devastating poverty.

Question 78

If a country is classified as low-income, it means only poor people live there.

Question 79

People living in high-income countries focus on relative poverty, while those in low-income countries focus on absolute poverty.

Question 80

Japan has the highest quality of life score in the world.