Deck 4: Social Interaction in Everyday Life

Question 1

What does the case of Harold and Sybil show?

A) Social interaction is the key to the reality we perceive.
B) Men and women often have disagreements because they fail to understand their different points of view.
C) Men and women often have agreements because they understand different points of view.
D) It shows the importance of biology to everyday life.
E) It shows the impact of work on everyday life.

Answer 1

Men and women often have disagreements because they fail to understand their different points of view.

Question 2

Members of all societies rely on ________ to make sense of daily situations.

A) social structure
B) common sense
C) their status set
D) social substructure
E) role negotiation

Answer 2

social structure

Question 3

At any given time, you occupy a number of statuses. These are your:

A) social positions.
B) individual social structure.
C) occupational sets.
D) status set.
E) role conflict.

Answer 3

status set.

Question 4

A friend of yours is a daughter, mother, sister, friend, and tennis team member. All of these taken together are your friend's:

A) personal structure.
B) individual social structure.
C) status.
D) status structure.
E) status set.

Question 5

Which of the following is an ascribed status?

A) being prime minister
B) being a drug dealer
C) being a lawyer
D) being a rap artist
E) being a daughter

Question 6

A person who becomes a senior citizen acquires a/an:

A) role.
B) achieved status.
C) master status.
D) status structure.
E) ascribed status.

Question 7

What is the term for a social position a person takes on voluntarily?

A) role
B) achieved status
C) master status
D) ascribed status
E) status structure

Question 8

Being a college student is a/an:

A) role.
B) achieved status.
C) master status.
D) ascribed status.
E) primary status.

Question 9

Statuses:

A) are the same as those found around the world.
B) vary from one culture to another.
C) are exactly the same for men and women.
D) are unrelated to behaviour.
E) are determined by the Thomas theorem.

Question 10

When a person introduces himself by stating his occupation along with his name, it is an indication that that person's occupation functions as a/n:

A) role.
B) achieved status.
C) master status.
D) ascribed status.
E) defining status.

Question 11

Most societies of the world limit opportunities for women, making gender a/an:

A) role.
B) achieved status.
C) defining status.
D) restrictive status.
E) master status.

Question 12

What is the term for behaviour expected of someone who holds a particular status?

A) role
B) achieved status
C) master status
D) ascribed status
E) social role

Question 13

Students are expected to attend classes and complete assignments. These activities make up a student's:

A) master status.
B) status set.
C) role conflict.
D) role.
E) role action.

Question 14

The enactment of a role, or ________, varies according to an individual's unique personality.

A) role expectation
B) role privilege
C) role performance
D) role analysis
E) role action

Question 15

As a researcher, Gina both gathers data and publishes her research findings. These activities are part of the _______ associated with being a researcher.

A) status set
B) master status
C) role conflict
D) role set
E) role ambiguity

Question 16

A global perspective reveals that the key roles people use to define their lives:

A) are much the same from society to society.
B) are less defined for people in technological societies.
C) are more defined for people in technological societies.
D) differ significantly from society to society.
E) have remained much the same throughout history.

Question 17

As shown in Global Map 4-1, which of the following is true regarding housework?

A) Housework falls heavily on men in low-income nations of the world.
B) Housework falls heavily on women in all nations of the world.
C) No distinct pattern of difference emerges from a global analysis of housework.
D) Men are much more likely to share housework with their female partners in low-income countries.
E) Men are much more likely to share housework with their female partners in high-income countries.

Question 18

What is the term for the incompatibility among roles?

A) role conflict
B) role ambiguity
C) role strain
D) role exit
E) role discrepancy

Question 19

Difficulty managing the demands of being a parent and being a student illustrates:

A) the Thomas theorem.
B) master status.
C) role strain.
D) role conflict.
E) presentation of self.

Question 20

Jay is a professional golfer at a country club who loves to play golf, but hates teaching golf to the country club members. Jay is experiencing:

A) role conflict.
B) role ambiguity.
C) role strain.
D) role exit.
E) role overload.

Question 21

Deciding to "leave the job at work"before heading home to the family can be an effective strategy for minimizing:

A) role strain.
B) role conflict.
C) role ambiguity.
D) role exit.
E) role loss.

Question 22

When Baldovino presented himself in a form suitable to the relationship he wanted to achieve, he engaged in the:

A) dating game.
B) social construction of reality.
C) power dynamics.
D) creative reality.
E) reality negotiation.

Question 23

According to the Thomas theorem:

A) there is tension among the roles associated with a single status.
B) situations that are real in their consequences are defined as real.
C) situations that are defined as real are real in their consequences.
D) events are a function of objective reality.
E) the self is constructed through conflict with others.

Question 24

Which of the following helps us to construct reality?

A) social interests
B) significant events
C) surrounding culture
D) our genetic heritage
E) personal background

Question 25

The handshake of the adult world has been replaced by the hug of the teenage world. This illustrates:

A) the changing patterns in everyday social interaction that builds reality.
B) how reality remains the same regardless of our interactions.
C) role distancing.
D) role exiting.
E) how reality remains clear in everyone's minds, even in unfamiliar situations.

Question 26

"Street smarts"is an everyday experience in:

A) ethnomethodology.
B) creative dynamics.
C) social arbitration.
D) reality construction.
E) reality negotiation.

Question 27

What is the term for "situations that are defined as real are real in their consequences"?

A) the Thomas Theorem
B) subjectification
C) the Peter Principle
D) the law of intended consequences
E) the formulation hypothesis

Question 28

What is the term for the study of the way people make sense of their everyday surroundings?

A) naturalism
B) experimentation
C) phenomenology
D) social psychology
E) ethnomethodology

Question 29

Which sociologist coined the term "ethnomethodology"in the 1950s?

A) George Herbert Mead
B) Erving Goffman
C) Emile Durkheim
D) Harold Garfinkel
E) Auguste Comte

Question 30

According to Garfinkel, what is a good way to discover the assumptions we make about reality?

A) "Play the game."
B) Break rules and ignore conventional norms.
C) Ignore people's responses to everyday interactions.
D) Ask people what they really think.
E) Forget about "why" people are behaving the way they are and just describe behaviour.

Question 31

What does the pattern in the use of alternative medicine across Canada tell us about reality construction?

A) People across Canada share a "national reality."
B) Reality construction is more variable across Canada than it is from nation to nation.
C) There are too few people using alternative medicine to determine any national pattern.
D) Alternative medicine tells us nothing about our construction of reality.
E) The reality construction that goes on across Canada is quite diverse.

Question 32

JoEllen Shively's (1992) study in which western films were screened by white and Aboriginal men illustrates:

A) that what we see in a film depends little on the assumptions we make about the world.
B) how people build reality from their surrounding culture.
C) how "breaking the rules" can help us understand our assumptions.
D) how consistent reality construction is from culture to culture.
E) the role of biology in reality construction.

Question 33

Which sociologist used "dramaturgical analysis"in his approach to sociology?

A) George Herbert Mead
B) Erving Goffman
C) Harold Garfinkel
D) W. I. Thomas
E) Auguste Comte

Question 34

What is the term for individuals' efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others?

A) presentation of self
B) impressionism
C) dramaturgy
D) situation-specific dramaturgy
E) role play

Question 35

According to dramaturgical analysis, a __________ is like a part in a play.

A) role
B) performance
C) prop
D) status
E) self

Question 36

Costumes, props, tone of voice, and gestures are all part of our conveyance of information, or our:

A) role set.
B) master status.
C) performance.
D) self.
E) status set.

Question 37

A dramaturgical analysis of a typical physician's office would show which of the following messages?

A) "Medicine is an imprecise science, but I will help you in every way I can."
B) "With your permission, we can decide on a course of action."
C) "I will help you, but you must allow me to take charge."
D) "You are feeling sick, but only you can control your destiny."
E) "I'm sorry you're feeling sick, but together we can get through this."

Question 38

What is the term for communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech?

A) non-verbal communication
B) language
C) speech
D) symbolic interaction
E) physical exchange

Question 39

Non-verbal communication refers to:

A) body movements.
B) printed material.
C) written language.
D) beliefs assumed to be true by everyone.
E) media communications.

Question 40

Which of the following is an example of body language?

A) artistic expressions
B) saying "I like you" to someone
C) body contact
D) a simile
E) hand gestures

Question 41

Which of the following is true regarding detecting lies?

A) Humans are incapable of detecting lies in others.
B) Uncovering phony performances is easy.
C) A single bodily gesture tells us that someone is lying.
D) The key to detecting lies is to view the whole performance and watch for inconsistencies.
E) Because nonverbal communication is easy to control, it provides few clues to deception.

Question 42

What is "demeanour"?

A) the way we act and carry ourselves
B) an unreported presentation of self
C) a minor crime
D) gender-specific activity
E) hostility

Question 43

Which of the following is true regarding gender and demeanour?

A) Demeanour and gender are unrelated.
B) Compared with men, women must manage their personal performances more carefully.
C) Compared with women, men must manage their personal performances more carefully.
D) It is easier and more common for women to interrupt men than for men to interrupt women.
E) Women are less likely to speak through their bodies about the unease they feel because of the work they do.

Question 44

Two men and two women, all of equal size, are sitting on a park bench. Personal space patterns in Canada would typically show:

A) the two women using more space than the two men.
B) the two women using the same space as the two men.
C) the two men using more space than the two women.
D) the men and women pairing off.
E) the women intruding into the space occupied by the men.

Question 45

Which of the following is true about personal space?

A) Personal space is greater in the Middle East than in Canada.
B) Personal space is unrelated to social power.
C) The elderly have more power over personal space than do the middle-aged.
D) A women moving into a man's personal space is likely to be seen as making a sexual overture.
E) Men rarely intrude into women's personal space.

Question 46

Which of the following is true about staring, smiling, and touching?

A) Men do more to maintain interactions than women.
B) Women sustain more eye contact than men.
C) Apart from close relationships, touching is generally something women do to men.
D) Smiling rarely indicates appeasement.
E) When men stare at women, they are indicating submission.

Question 47

We construct performances to ________ our intentions.

A) idealize
B) hide
C) glamorize
D) sanitize
E) control

Question 48

Smiling and making polite remarks to people we do not like is an example of:

A) idealization.
B) symbolization.
C) glamorization.
D) latent functions.
E) role play.

Question 49

Which of the following is true about idealized performances?

A) Audiences almost always search for flaws in performances.
B) Idealized performances must be kept quite simple.
C) Idealized performances usually contain deception.
D) Audiences typically seek to embarrass performers.
E) Audiences regularly challenge idealized performances.

Question 50

Helping another person to "save face,"or avoid embarrassment, is called:

A) diplomacy.
B) altruism.
C) generosity.
D) tact.
E) cooperation.

Question 51

Why is tact a common response in potentially embarrassing situations?

A) Because the audience doesn't like to see people make fools of themselves.
B) Because show business etiquette dictates that the person on stage be shown deference.
C) Because embarrassment provokes discomfort for everyone.
D) Because we don't want to face the reality of failures.
E) Because we want to maintain our power.

Question 52

Which of the following is true regarding emotions?

A) Emotions are a relatively unimportant dimension of everyday life.
B) What we do matters more than how we feel about it.
C) Just as society guides our behaviour, it guides our emotional life.
D) Emotions are biologically based.
E) Emotions are uninfluenced by society.

Question 53

An airline flight attendant who offers passengers a beverage and a smile illustrates

A) the role of biology in emotional expression.
B) the role of language in conveying meaning.
C) tact.
D) emotion management.
E) deep control.

Question 54

________ is/are the thread that connects members of a society in the symbolic web we call culture.

A) Language
B) Signs
C) Symbolizations
D) Performances
E) Roles

Question 55

In what way does language function to define males and females differently?

A) gender-grading
B) socialization
C) coercion
D) control
E) sublimation

Question 56

Women often take the family name of men upon marriage. Which language function defining the two sexes differently does this demonstrate?

A) socialization
B) value
C) coercion
D) attention
E) control

Question 57

A young man refers to his motorcycle, asking, "Isn't she a beauty?"What language function defining the two sexes differently does this demonstrate?

A) socialization
B) value
C) control
D) attention
E) sublimation

Question 58

Traditional masculine terms like "king"have a positive meaning, whereas comparable terms such as "queen"can have a negative meaning. What language function defining the two sexes differently does this demonstrate?

A) socialization
B) value
C) control
D) attention
E) management

Question 59

Problems in communication between men and women arise because:

A) men tend to define most daily encounters as competitive situations.
B) women feel more comfortable asking for assistance.
C) partners often fail to hear the "hidden message" in statements.
D) what one partner intends by a comment is not always what the other hears in words.
E) what one partner tries to hide is often noticed by the other partner.

Question 60

What types of socially constructed "realities"are respectively contained when Steve Martin mused, "I like a woman with a head on her shoulders."

A) conventional
B) unconventional
C) clarity
D) certainty
E) attention

Question 61

What types of socially constructed "realities"are respectively contained when Steve Martin mused, "I hate necks!"

A) unconventional
B) conventional
C) ambiguity
D) certainty
E) attention

Question 62

Which of the following scenarios provides the best potential for a "well-told"joke?

A) The unconventional social definition of reality is given first, then the conventional definition of reality.
B) There is a very sharp contrast between the conventional and unconventional definitions of reality.
C) There is close consistency between the conventional and unconventional definitions of reality.
D) The opposition of realities is told through a careless performance.
E) The continuity of reality is told through an ambiguous story.

Question 63

In general, the foundation of humour is:

A) contradiction or ambiguity found in differing definitions of the same situation.
B) differences in social standing.
C) gender differences.
D) being a conventional kind of person.
E) confusion in interpersonal communications.

Question 64

The significance of "getting"the humour in any joke is a matter of which of the following?

A) having an "insider's" perspective on the joke teller
B) perceiving exactly the same meaning as the joke teller
C) understanding the two realities involved well enough to appreciate their difference
D) appreciating the close congruity between the two realities involved in the joke
E) appreciating the finely tuned symbolism in the performance

Question 65

Other than perceiving the competing realities in a joke, what else is usually involved in "getting"and enjoying a joke?

A) The joke must be universally funny.
B) The joke must be simple.
C) The audience must fill in missing information on their own.
D) The joke teller must provide more and more information until it is understood.
E) The joke teller must avoid hidden meanings.

Question 66

Which of the following is true about humour?

A) Humour is the common language of humanity.
B) Humour is understood in the same fashion in the same culture.
C) Humour is unrelated to human health.
D) Humour is unrelated to gender.
E) Humour is a universal human trait.

Question 67

Which of the following is true about humour?

A) Topics that lend themselves to double meanings or controversy generate humour.
B) There are no areas "off limits" for humour.
C) Taking conventional definitions of reality lightly is deviant.
D) In spite of the common expression, laughter is not the best medicine.
E) Humour only highlights the true nature of the human condition.

Question 68

Which of the following is a function of humour?

A) Humour can be used to increase tension.
B) Humour limits racism and sexism.
C) Humour can be a safety valve.
D) Humour can be used to detonate a situation.
E) Humour can be used to suppress potentially disruptive sentiments.

Question 69

What sociological approach would you advocate if you saw humour as a safe way for people to release their potentially disruptive sentiments?

A) ethnomethodology
B) interactionist
C) social conflict
D) sociobiology
E) structural-functionalism

Question 70

Which of the following is true about humour, conflict, and the social construction of reality?

A) Men who tell jokes about feminists are showing their affinity with women.
B) Men and women have different definitions of reality and humour.
C) The analysis of humour is best left to psychologists, not sociologists.
D) As long as we maintain a sense of humour, we are never prisoners of reality.
E) Humour is a way to clearly show one's true self.

Question 71

Social interaction generates reality.

Question 72

Through social interaction, we create the reality in which we live.

Question 73

The number of statuses people have over a lifetime is usually very small.

Question 74

Being a daughter is an achieved status.

Question 75

The status of "lawyer"involves components of achievement and ascription.

Question 76

AIDS becomes a master status for those who have acquired it.

Question 77

Statuses vary by culture, but roles do not.

Question 78

A role set is a number of roles that are similar in function.

Question 79

Role strain refers to incompatibility among the roles corresponding to two or more statuses.

Question 80

The process by which people disengage from social roles central to their lives is termed "role exit."