Deck 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

According to what was stated in the textbook, the psychodynamic approach to therapeutic change is NOT founded upon:

A) the willingness of the patient
B) the role of insight
C) the therapist-patient relationship
D) all of the above are foundations of the psychodynamic approach to therapeutic change

Answer 1

the willingness of the patient

Question 2

The understanding of the inner workings of one's own mind is called:

A) insight
B) self awareness
C) self possession
D) personal perspective

Answer 2

insight

Question 3

The psychodynamic approach to therapeutic change argues that symptoms are a result of all of the following except:

A) maladaptive ways of viewing the self and relationships
B) malfunctioning defense mechanisms
C) unconscious conflicts and compromises among competing wishes and fears
D) maladaptive ways of dealing with unpleasant emotions

Answer 3

malfunctioning defense mechanisms

Question 4

The principle of psychodynamic treatment which requires that a patient has to feel comfortable with the therapist in order to speak about emotionally significant experience is termed:

A) bonding
B) therapeutic alliance
C) establishment of trust
D) counter-transference

Question 5

I started seeing a therapist and there is just something about her that I don't like. I get the feeling that she is the type of person who would talk about me to her friends. For that reason, I wouldn't want to tell her my deep, dark secrets. From the psychodynamic approach, there is a problem involving:

A) resistance
B) interpretation
C) the therapeutic alliance
D) transference

Question 6

The psychodynamic approach uses a number of techniques to bring about change in a patient's behavior. The one that is not associated with the psychodynamic approach is:

A) free association
B) interpretation
C) analysis of transference
D) psychoanalysis

Question 7

The technique of the psychodynamic approach that can be considered as detective work, because you have to put all the pieces together to figure out the story is:

A) free association
B) interpretation
C) analysis of transference
D) psychoanalysis

Question 8

The technique of the psychodynamic approach for exploring associational networks and unconscious processes involved in symptom formation is known as:

A) free association
B) interpretation
C) analysis of transference
D) psychoanalysis

Question 9

I sit down and my therapist tells me to say the first thing that comes to mind. He asks me to say whatever comes to mind first, without thinking about it and without holding anything back. This technique is:

A) free association
B) interpretation
C) analysis of transference
D) psychoanalysis

Question 10

In free association, the most important clues come from:

A) the intonation of the patient's voice
B) what is concealed
C) nonverbal cues (e.g., how the patient reacts; where he or she looks)
D) what is uttered

Question 11

Barriers to psychotherapy created by the patient in an effort to reduce anxiety are known as:

A) free association
B) unconscious processes
C) transference
D) resistance

Question 12

If you think about it, anything that causes stress is going to be repressed. If you try to uncover the event that causes the anxiety, that will only add anxiety to your life. No one likes anxiety, so it can be expected that the patient will try to avoid any attempt to uncover what is being repressed. Those who promote the psychodynamic approach call this:

A) negative forgetting
B) sublimation
C) resistance
D) repression

Question 13

In psychodynamic therapy, the patient will often treat the therapist in the same way that the patient treats major characters in their lives. For example, they may assume the therapist is as judgmental as their mother, or as weak as their father. IN psychodynamic terms, this would be an example of:

A) transference
B) unconscious processes
C) resistance
D) repression

Question 14

A patient comes in because he is having problems with his relationships. Every time he gets involved with someone in an exclusive relationship, he ends up cheating on his partner. The therapist thinks the problem comes from his relationship with his mother but, when asked about his mother and his experience growing up, he says, "I don't want to talk about it." The therapist believes he is on the right trail because the patient is displaying:

A) counter-transference
B) sublimation
C) resistance
D) repression

Question 15

In a therapeutic relationship, the therapist is viewed by the patient as a(n):

A) antagonist
B) parent
C) rival
D) authority

Question 16

Whether or not you have a good relationship with your parents has been found to influence:

A) projection
B) transference
C) resistance
D) none of the above

Question 17

In psychodynamic therapy, transference is useful because:

A) it allows the therapist to get to know the patient very well
B) it allows the patient and therapist to practice working through the dynamics of an important relationship in a nonjudgmental setting
C) it offers an opportunity for the therapist to understand the unconscious processes the patient is experiencing
D) It sheds light on the environmental causes of the patient's disorder

Question 18

It could be that people marry individuals who are very similar to the opposite sex parent because of:

A) transference
B) insight
C) resistance
D) interpretation

Question 19

A patient whose relationship with his therapist is similar to his past relationships with his parents may be showing signs of:

A) projection
B) interdependence
C) free association
D) transference

Question 20

My first true love was Andrea. Sad to say, that relationship did not last. Eventually, I became involved with Melissa. I soon found that some of the issues that concerned me in my relationship with Andrea were brought, by me, into my relationship with Melissa. I am displaying:

A) transference
B) counter transference
C) projection
D) sublimation

Question 21

Your partner cheats on you with your (seemingly) best friend. You dump the partner and the best friend. However, you feel that your new partner is flirting and will be unfaithful. You are displaying:

A) transference
B) counter transference
C) projection
D) interpretationq

Question 22

The therapeutic process in which the patient meets with the therapist three to five times a week, lies on a couch, and uses free association, interpretation, and transference is known as:

A) psychodynamics
B) psychoanalysis
C) psychocultural
D) associative therapy

Question 23

The two main forms of psychodynamic treatment are:

A) psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychotherapy
B) psychodynamic psychotherapy and dream interpretation
C) dream interpretation and analysis of resistance
D) phenomenological analysis and psychoanalysis

Question 24

I find that it is better that I cannot see my therapist's face when I say things that I think are embarrassing or shocking. For that reason, I should make use of:

A) psychoanalysis
B) psychodynamic psychotherapy
C) psychosexual consulting
D) Freudian therapy

Question 25

I prefer to consult a therapist who spends most of the time listening while I talk. I just feel better after I let it all out. For this reason, I should be in _____.

A) psychoanalysis
B) psychodynamic psychotherapy
C) social cognitive consulting
D) Freudian therapy

Question 26

I was in therapy today and the therapist showed a great deal of interest and concern for me. I could tell because of his facial expressions. I must be attending which type of psychodynamic treatment?

A) psychoanalysis
B) psychodynamic psychotherapy
C) social-cognitive consulting
D) Freudian therapy

Question 27

My friend decides he needs therapy to deal with the end of his marriage. He tells me he likes to be more engaged with his therapist and prefers an equal exchange between him and his therapist. For this reason, he should be in which type of psychodynamic treatment?

A) psychoanalysis
B) psychodynamic psychotherapy
C) social-cognitive consulting
D) Freudian therapy

Question 28

Which is true of the difference between psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychotherapy?

A) Psychodynamic psychotherapy is more conversational
B) Psychodynamic psychotherapy is time limited
C) Psychodynamic psychotherapy is better for difficulties in relationships
D) All of the above

Question 29

Short term therapy typically lasts _____ or less.

A) 1 month
B) 6 months
C) 2 weeks
D) 1 year

Question 30

Which of the following tends to have a specific focus formulated by linking the patient's symptom or initial complaint with a hypothesized conflict or dynamic issue?

A) Humanistic theory
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Exposure technique
D) Short-term therapy

Question 31

According to the textbook, psychodynamic approaches were the first approaches to psychotherapy and emerged from:

A) clinical practice
B) laboratory investigations
C) group psychotherapy
D) naturalistic observation

Question 32

In contrast to the psychodynamic approach, cognitive-behavioral therapies emerged from:

A) clinical practice
B) laboratory investigations
C) case studies
D) naturalistic observation

Question 33

The basis or foundation of the cognitive-behavioral approach to therapy is:

A) the metaphor, the mind is like a machine
B) the manner of processing between normal and abnormal individuals
C) that symptoms are maladaptive learned behavior patterns
D) that learning is primary in life

Question 34

The approach in clinical psychology in which practitioners integrate an understanding of classical and operant conditioning with a cognitive-social perspective is known as :

A) the psychodynamic approach
B) the operant conditioning approach
C) the psychobiological approach
D) the cognitive-behavioral approach

Question 35

Cognitive-behavioral therapies differ from psychodynamic therapies in that cognitive-behavioral therapies:

A) are not concerned with exploring underlying personality patterns
B) are concerned with the individual's present behavior and not childhood experiences
C) are more directive than psychodynamic therapies
D) all of the above are differences between the two approaches

Question 36

A person entering cognitive-behavioral therapy should expect the therapist to begin with a _____, which involves examining the patient's symptom(s) and associated stimuli or thoughts.

A) phenomenological assessment
B) focus formulation
C) behavioral analysis
D) genogram

Question 37

In cognitive-behavioral terms, a behavioral analysis is.

A) the process of acting out the behaviors that cause distress or anxiety
B) an examination of the early childhood behaviors that led to the current disorder
C) the process of assessing the symptom and the stimuli or thoughts associated with it
D) all of the above

Question 38

The cognitive-behavioral technique that involves the patient gradually confronting a phobic stimulus mentally is called:

A) exposure techniques
B) systematic desensitization
C) flooding
D) inverted (reverse) learning

Question 39

Systematic desensitization is based on the idea that

A) relaxation training can aid people with schizophrenia
B) physical contact with other people is essential for contact comfort
C) through early experiences people learn to fear social interactions
D) through classical conditioning people have associated fear with previously neutral stimuli

Question 40

According to systematic desensitization, fear of the phobic stimulus remains because

A) the person avoids the stimulus and thus never extinguishes the conditioned response
B) it is adaptive
C) classical conditioning is particularly sensitive to experience
D) increasing exposure to the fearful stimulus merely increases the fear response

Question 41

Presenting the patient with an actual phobic stimulus, rather than have them imagine it, is involved in:

A) exposure techniques
B) systematic desensitization
C) stimulus confrontation
D) increasing exposure

Question 42

The difference between systematic desensitization and exposure techniques is:

A) the overall duration of therapy necessary for success
B) the use of imagery versus actual stimuli
C) the degree to which the subject can "escape" the phobic stimulus
D) there are no differences between systematic desensitization and exposure techniques

Question 43

With regard to fear of flying, which cognitive-behavioral technique was found to have a 90 percent success rate?

A) exposure techniques
B) systematic desensitization
C) stimulus confrontation
D) increasing exposure

Question 44

The technique, _____, involves the patient confronting the phobic stimulus all at once.

A) response exposure
B) overt desensitization
C) flooding
D) full exposure

Question 45

Based on the study where humor was considered in addition to systematic desensitization, which technique had the greater effect on losing one's fear of spiders?

A) humor only
B) systematic desensitization only
C) systematic desensitization plus humor
D) b and c were equally effective

Question 46

To get a horse used to having someone ride it, one technique has been to have someone get on the horse and hold on until the horse stops trying to buck the person due to exhaustion. This technique is referred to as:

A) increasing exposure
B) systematic desensitization
C) flooding
D) graded exposure

Question 47

A medical student wants to get used to the incredibly foul smell of the inside of the human body. To do that, the student sits in on a surgery and keeps taking depth breaths until the feeling of nausea is gone. In terms of the cognitive-behavioral approach, this is referred to as:

A) increasing exposure
B) systematic desensitization
C) flooding
D) graded exposure

Question 48

Which technique involves preventing the individual from escaping the phobic stimulus until the symptoms (the undesirable behavior) have subsided?

A) response limited exposure
B) systematic desensitization
C) flooding
D) constrained exposure

Question 49

A procedure in which the patient is gradually exposed to the phobic stimulus is called:

A) increasing exposure
B) systematic desensitization
C) flooding
D) graded exposure

Question 50

My girlfriend is terribly afraid of bugs. To help her get over irrational fear (let's face it, humans are much larger than a spider), she goes outside and tries to deal with the fact that there is a spider in the yard. As time progresses, she allows herself to get more and more comfortable with a bug being closer and closer to her. From a cognitive-behavioral approach, she has made use of which technique?

A) increasing exposure
B) systematic desensitization
C) flooding
D) graded exposure

Question 51

To lose one's fear of snakes, one could first get comfortable with seeing a snake through a glass window. The next step could be to see the snake in a wire cage. Next, you could get comfortable being in the same room with a snake that someone else is holding. Then you could get closer and closer till you touch the snake. Finally, you hold the snake. This method is best described by:

A) increasing exposure
B) systematic desensitization
C) flooding
D) graded exposure

Question 52

With recent technological advances, cognitive behavioral therapists have proposed treating patients:

A) with virtual reality exposure therapy
B) by using PET scans to determine the areas of the brain that are involved in phobias
C) with the use of fMRIs to determine how information is processed during exposure to a phobic stimulus
D) all of the above

Question 53

Use of virtual reality exposure therapy is thought to be advantageous for a number of reasons. Which is NOT one those reasons?

A) It allows therapists to treat people with costly or time-consuming phobias
B) Data suggest that clients get better faster than if they are not exposed to the actual phobic stimulus; a virtual stimulus is less stressful than the real thing
C) It goes beyond simply asking the patient to visualize the phobic stimulus
D) All are advantages of using virtual reality exposure therapy

Question 54

Which of the following involves preventing the patient from producing a response that allows avoidance of the feared stimulus?

A) active avoidance
B) shaping
C) response prevention
D) behavioral inhibition

Question 55

In order for _____ to be successful, the individual must be willing to eliminate any possibility that they could avoid whatever situation or object causes them anxiety. Knowing that they could "escape" prevents true success in overcoming the maladaptive behavior.

A) subjective participation
B) vicarious reinforcement
C) response prevention
D) behavioral inhibition

Question 56

Operant conditioning as a method of therapy has been found to be useful in treating alcoholism. In fact, offering rewards to patients has been found to increase the probability of having a positive outcome in which of the following situations?

A) treating alcoholism
B) psychiatric hospitals
C) working with children and their parents
D) all of the above

Question 57

A disadvantage of the operant conditioning approach to therapy is that:

A) adaptive behaviors may not be performed unless reward is given
B) the person giving the reward rather than the adaptive behavior is associated with the reward
C) it does not transfer to contexts other than that where conditioning occurred
D) all of the above

Question 58

Bandura's notion of _____ involves the therapist modeling the desired behavior and gradually inducing the patient to participate.

A) imitation
B) participatory modeling
C) indirect reinforcement
D) reciprocal isomorphism

Question 59

Albert Bandura proposed the notion of _____ as a means of developing adaptive behaviors.

A) flooding
B) participatory modeling
C) systematic desensitization
D) all of the above

Question 60

In which of the following techniques does the therapist demonstrate the desired behavior and then gradually induce the patient to engage in it?

A) therapeutic alliance
B) countertransference
C) participatory modeling
D) exposure technique

Question 61

Assuming a therapist is using Bandura's method of participatory modeling to help a patient lose a phobia of flying (they fear that the plane will crash), what should the therapist do?

A) Show to the client movies of people flying in planes and showing that nothing happens
B) Repeatedly present data that flying is actually the safest form of travelling
C) The therapist should get on a plane and fly somewhere
D) Provide testimony from ex-flying phobics that flying is safe

Question 62

Cognitive-behaviorists argue that a successful way of adopting adaptive behavior is to practice a set of procedures until they gradually become a routine. This is called:

A) skills training
B) cognitive preparation
C) habitual accomplishment
D) imaginary modeling

Question 63

A friend of mine has a huge problem when meeting people for the first time, especially people of the opposite sex. I told him that he could prevent the situation from becoming anxiety provoking by watching movies and seeing what they talk about so that there are no awkward silences. I also recommended that he practice having conversations with others. I am advising the use of:

A) skills training
B) cognitive preparation
C) social skills training
D) imaginary modeling

Question 64

Recent research has shown that social skills training shows some promise with patients with:

A) borderline personality disorder
B) antisocial personality disorder
C) bipolar disorder
D) schizophrenia

Question 65

The idea that dysfunctional cognitions underlie psychological disorders is the aim of:

A) information processing therapy
B) cognitive therapy
C) belief systems therapy
D) cognitive dissonance therapy

Question 66

Whenever my roommate enters into social situations, he automatically assumes that people don't really want to get to known him. As a result, he withdraws and does not interact with the group. My roommate would most likely benefit from

A) systematic desensitization
B) cognitive therapy
C) early childhood intervention
D) psychodynamic therapy

Question 67

In the cognitive approach to disorders, the things that people say spontaneously to themselves that can lead to irrational thoughts and feelings are known as

A) automatic thoughts
B) challenging distortions
C) rational motivations
D) humanistic realizations

Question 68

From a cognitive therapy perspective, cognitive distortions are best treated using (the):

A) rational-emotive behavior therapy
B) cognitive therapy
C) ABC theory of psychopathology
D) all of the above

Question 69

Albert Ellis rejected psychodynamic treatment because of a number of reasons. Which is NOT one of those reasons?

A) He believed that psychodynamic treatments take too long.
B) He believed that psychodynamic treatments are often too ineffective.
C) He believed psychodynamic treatments were often arbitrarily designed by the therapist.
D) All are reasons for why Ellis abandoned psychodynamic treatments.

Question 70

In the ABC theory of psychopathology proposed by Albert Ellis, the "A" refers to _____, the "B" refers to _____, and the "C" refers to _____.

A) associations; behaviors; emotional consequences
B) activating conditions; behaviors; emotional character
C) associations; behaviors; behavioral consequences
D) activating conditions; belief systems; emotional consequences

Question 71

Rational emotive therapy was proposed by:

A) Albert Ellis
B) Sigmund Freud
C) David Becker
D) Aaron Beck

Question 72

Which of the following argues that patients should maximize their rational and minimize their irrational thinking?

A) the ABC theory of psychopathology
B) rational-emotive behavior therapy
C) cognitive economics
D) dissonance theory

Question 73

The goal of rational-emotive behavior therapy is

A) to help people get in touch with their feelings
B) to eliminate symptoms through increased rationality
C) to reduce the emotional responses that people have
D) to accept that the way the individual sees the world is entirely rational

Question 74

I find that I keep having thoughts that my girlfriend is going to cheat on me. I have never had anyone cheat on me and she has repeatedly assured me she would never do that. It defies logic why I am having these thoughts. The best treatment for me would be:

A) ABC theory of psychopathology
B) rational-emotive behavior therapy
C) graded exposure
D) cognitive therapy

Question 75

Which individual proposed the notion of "collaborative empiricism?"

A) Albert Ellis
B) Carl Rogers
C) Aaron T. Beck
D) Herbart Simon

Question 76

Aaron T. Beck proposed the idea of _____, that patient and therapist work together like scientists testing hypotheses.

A) co-founded psychotherapy
B) ABC theory of psychotherapy
C) rational-emotive behavior therapy
D) collaborative empiricism

Question 77

Which therapy typically involves 12-20 sessions, the patient keeping a log of his thoughts and moods, and the patient and therapist working on changing maladaptive patterns of thought and behavior?

A) ABC theory of psychopathology
B) rational-emotive behavior therapy
C) graded exposure
D) cognitive therapy

Question 78

According to the authors of your textbook, which of the following therapies is used less often than cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic therapies?

A) group
B) family
C) humanistic
D) all of the above

Question 79

According to the authors of your textbook, which of the following therapies encourages the patient to take responsibility for his or her own therapy, and to determine on his or her own the link between the stimulus and the related feelings?

A) cognitive therapy
B) family therapy
C) humanistic therapy
D) psychodynamic therapy

Question 80

The person's particular viewpoint of the world, their phenomenology, is best captured by which therapy?

A) psychodynamic
B) cognitive-behavioral
C) humanistic
D) psychoanalytic