Question 1

The client asks the charge nurse how the health care provider will decide which medication to prescribe. The nurse bases her response on which characteristics of the &#34;ideal drug?&#34;&#10;A) Effectively treats, prevents, or cures the client's condition&#10;B) Is slowly eliminated by the body so that it can produce its effects over a prolonged period of time&#10;C) Produces minimal adverse effects&#10;D) Produces a rapid and predictable response&#10;E) Is inexpensive and easily accessible&#10;

Accepted Answer

Rationale 1: The goal of pharmacology is to select a drug that will effectively treat, prevent, or cure a condition.
Rationale 2: The goal of pharmacology is to select a drug that will be quickly eliminated by the body after it produces its effects.
Rationale 3: The goal of pharmacology is to select a drug that will produce no short-term or long-term adverse effects.
Rationale 4: The goal of pharmacology is to select a drug that will produce a rapid, predictable response at relatively low doses.
Rationale 5: The ideal drug is affordable and easily accessible.

Question 2

Before administering a drug, what pertinent information must the nurse obtain from the client?&#10;A) Physical assessment, medical history, previous medications, and learning capabilities&#10;B) Medical history, growth and development level of client, and ability to pay for the medication&#10;C) Medical history, client's growth and development level, and potential adverse effects of the medication&#10;D) Medical history, physical assessment, disease process, and learning needs&#10;

Accepted Answer

Rationale 1: Physical assessment, medical history, previous medications, and learning capabilities are all important pieces of information the nurse should have prior to administering drugs to clients.
Rationale 2: Medical history and growth and development are important pieces of information. However, while the client's ability to pay for the drug is important prescription information, it is not necessary for the nurse to know this prior to administering a drug.
Rationale 3: The medical history and growth and development information are important but the nurse would not obtain information regarding potential adverse effects of the medication from the client.
Rationale 4: The medical history, physical assessment, disease process, and learning needs are all important information the nurse needs. However, the nurse would not obtain information about the disease process from the client.

Question 3

The Clinical Nurse educator is preparing a class on cardiac medications with the student nurse to teach to her cardiac rehab group. The student asks why she categorizes them according to their therapeutic classification. What is the best response of the nurse?

A) "Therapeutic classification clearly states what a drug does , its simple description may be easier for laypersons to understand".
B) "There is only one cardiac pharmacological classification, the therapeutic classification allows us to explore its subcategories with the group".
C) " A pharmacological classification is less specific than the therapeutic and does not provide enough information to the clients"
D) " Therapeutic classification states how a drug exerts its effect on the body and is a simpler description compared with the pharmacological".

"Therapeutic classification clearly states what a drug does , its simple description may be easier for laypersons to understand".

Accepted Answer

Rationale 1: This is correct, therapeutic provides information on what the drug is intended to treat, and is usually expressed in simpler explanations.
Rationale 2: There are many pharmacological classifications of cardiac drugs, therapeutics do not represent a subcategory of them. is a more complex.
Rationale 3: A pharmacological classification is more specific, not less.
Rationale 4: A pharmacological classification states how a drug exerts its effect on the body, not a therapeutic. It is a more complex description, not less.

Question 4

In her first class in pharmacology, a student nurse asks why it is important to study drug prototypes. What is the best response?&#10;A) It is not always the most commonly ordered drug in its class.&#10;B) It predicts actions of other drugs in the same therapeutic classification.&#10;C) It may predict similar adverse effects of drugs in the same therapeutic classification.&#10;D) It is a well-understood drug model with which other drugs in a pharmacological class are compared.&#10;

Accepted Answer

Rationale 1: This is true, the original drug prototype is not always the most widely used drug in its class. Newer drugs in the same class may be more effective and have a more favourable safety profile,
Rationale 2:It does predict the actions of other drugs but in a pharmacological classification, not therapeutic.
Rationale 3: It does predict similar adverse effects but in a pharmacological classification, not therapeutic.
Rationale 4: This is true, it is common practice to select a single drug from a class and compare all other medications to this representative drug.

Question 5

The client says to the nurse, &#34;I wonder if I am considered a drug addict. I went to pick up my medication from the drug store and the pharmacist told me that the drug was a controlled substance.&#34; What does that mean? Which response by the nurse is the most accurate?&#10;A) &#34;If you continue on this medication for a long time, you will become addicted to it.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;You are not an addict, but the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act requires that your prescription drug habits be monitored.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Any drug that has a potential for abuse is considered a controlled substance and is restricted. The pharmacist is responsible for sharing this information with you.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Do you think that you are addicted to your medication?&#34;&#10;

Accepted Answer

Rationale 1: Clients can be on controlled substances for various lengths of time without becoming addicted.
Rationale 2: The Controlled Drugs and Substances Act does not require monitoring of prescription drug use by clients who are ordered controlled substances.
Rationale 3: The pharmacist recognizes all drugs with the potential for abuse are considered controlled substances and carry restrictions.
Rationale 4: Asking the client if he thinks he is addicted does not

Question 6

Following the administration of a loading dose of an antibiotic, which dosing schedule does the nurse anticipate will follow?&#10;A) A second loading dose&#10;B) Regularly intermittent doses of the antibiotic&#10;C) Alternating high and low doses of the antibiotic&#10;D) Daily bolus injections&#10;

Accepted Answer

Rationale 1: A loading dose of a medication is usually only given once. Repeating the loading dose could cause toxicity.
Rationale 2: Following a loading dose, the usual maintenance dose of a drug is given in order to maintain a therapeutic blood level of the drug.
Rationale 3: Alternating high and low doses would not allow for a plateau of the drug level to be reached, which is needed for a therapeutic response.
Rationale 4: Bolus injections are usually only given once, not daily.

Question 7

Which of the following factors affect a drugs absorption rate?&#10;A) Route&#10;B) Drug Form&#10;C) Liver function&#10;D) Food&#10;E) Renal Function&#10;

Accepted Answer

Rationale. 1 The route that the drug is administered will affect its absorption with Intravenous being the quickest.
Rationale. 2 The form of a drug affects its absorption, elixirs and syrups being quicker than pill form
Rationale 3. Liver function affects metabolism and excretion not absorption.
Ratioanle 4. Food can delay the absorption of some drugs
Rationale 5. Renal function will impact excretion not absorption

Question 8

The nurse explains to a student nurse that the median lethal dose of drugs is often determined in laboratory preclinical trials. Which rationales best support why this is done?&#10;A) It would be unethical to determine these values in human subjects.&#10;B) The safety of the medication must be determined prior to clinical trials.&#10;C) It is difficult to obtain sufficient participants for clinical trials.&#10;D) Clinical trials determine only the effective dose of a drug.&#10;E) It is too costly to conduct the studies during clinical trials.&#10;

Accepted Answer

Rationale 1: Laboratory animals are used in clinical trials to determine the LD₅₀, or the dose that kills 50% of the subjects. It would be unethical to kill human subjects. Rationale 2: Before a drug is released for trials in human subjects, its safety must be determined. Rationale 3: It can be challenging to obtain sufficient subjects at times, but this is not the reason for doing lethal studies during preclinical trials. Rationale 4: Clinical trials determine not only the effectiveness of a drug, but also its adverse and toxic effects. Rationale 5: The cost of the trials is the reason they are conducted with animal subjects.

Deck 1: Drug Classes and Schedules in Canada