Deck 10: Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood

Question 1

Elena is 12 years old. She is one of the tallest children in her class. Elena has most likely reached _______% of her adult height.

A) 50
B) 75
C) 80
D) 94

Answer 1

94

Question 2

Children during middle childhood gain_______ pounds on average per year.

A) 1-2
B) 3-4
C) 5-7
D) 8-10

Answer 2

5-7

Question 3

_______is one method of evaluating the physical maturation of the wrist and fingers of children.

A) Bone age
B) Ossification
C) Susceptibility to injury
D) Finger dexterity

Answer 3

Bone age

Question 4

Bobbie is in second grade. He has had considerable difficulty writing. His letters are illegible. Bobbie's other skills are age-appropriate. His teacher referred him to the school Psychologist. After considerable evaluation, the school psychologist felt that Bobbie may have a physical maturation concern. The school psychologist suggested that Bobbie have_______Testing to determine the maturity of his wrist and bones.

A) hormonal
B) stamina
C) bone age
D) prior injury

Question 5

Research has indicated that during childhood, calcium absorption is an essential factor for later adult calcium levels. One way of increasing calcium absorption in middle childhood is

A) increasing weight.
B) increasing epiphyses.
C) increasing height.
D) regular exercise.

Question 6

Rural School District has encountered a decrease in their financial resources. They are considering which school programs to cut. A representative from the local American Medical Association appears before the school board and urges them to maintain an active exercise program. The representative argues that regular exercise is necessary for

A) bone development.
B) changes in height.
C) puberty.
D) spatial perception.

Question 7

Which one of the following statements concerning changes in stamina during middle childhood is accurate?

A) Girls and boys develop equal amounts of stamina.
B) Stamina growth in girls does not occur until puberty.
C) Boys show early stamina growth but then this growth slows.
D) Girls and boys have equal stamina growth until age 10 when boys surpass girls.

Question 8

Growth in the _______of the brain is one of the reasons that fine motor skills show great improvement in middle childhood.

A) spatial areas
B) visual cortex
C) sensory and motor areas
D) neurotransmitters

Question 9

When playing sports during middle childhood, boys are to_______ as girls are to _______

A) strength; coordination.
B) fine motor skills; gross motor skills.
C) speed; strength.
D) strength; speed.

Question 10

When Tyler was in kindergarten his writing was illegible. By third grade, however, it was dramatically better. This is most likely due to growth in the _______areas of the brain.

A) visual
B) motor
C) auditory
D) olfactory

Question 11

One of the most important changes in cognitive capabilities during middle childhood is the increase in selective attention. This increased ability is related to

A) increased motor control.
B) increased auditory capabilities.
C) hormonal development.
D) increased myelinization in the frontal lobes.

Question 12

_______is the ability to ascertain and focus on the relevant components of a task.

A) Selective attention
B) Spatial cognition
C) Visual acuity
D) Auditory discrimination

Question 13

Danielle frequently wandered around the room during calendar time when she was enrolled in kindergarten. However, now that she is in the fourth grade, she has the ability to concentrate on solving her math problems until the problems are completed. This is most likely due to increases in myelinization of the

A) motor areas.
B) visual lobes.
C) auditory cortex.
D) reticular formation and frontal lobes.

Question 14

Improvements in_______ have been linked to increases in the myelinization of the association areas of the brain.

A) selective attention
B) visual acuity
C) auditory discrimination
D) information-processing speed

Question 15

By age _______myelinization of the neurons in the association area are near completion.

A) 2
B) 5
C) 12
D) 18

Question 16

The _______of the brain are where connections between sensory, motor, and cognitive functions are made.

A) frontal lobes
B) association areas
C) reticular formation
D) visual cortex

Question 17

Manny was born deaf. The condition interfered with his ability to develop speech comprehension. The doctors have advised that a cochlear implant would be beneficial for Manny. This should occur before age _______to be useful for Manny's speech comprehension abilities.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 7
D) 10

Question 18

Research has indicated that experience is essential for development of the association areas of the brain. This finding would support which one of the following theories of development?

A) Nativist
B) Empiricist
C) Dynamic systems
D) Operant conditioning

Question 19

By age 8 children are better able to play video games. This is most likely due to increases in lateralization of which one of the following?

A) Visual acuity
B) Association areas
C) Spatial perception
D) Stamina

Question 20

Jess is age 6. When asked by her mom to hand the scissors to her mom's right hand, Jess actually gives them to her mom's left hand or Jess's right hand. Alice is 10. When her mom asks Alice to complete the same task, she can readily accomplish it. This ability is called

A) spatial cognition.
B) visual acuity.
C) selective attention.
D) relative right-left orientation.

Question 21

Boys on average demonstrate better spatial cognition performance than girls. This has been hypothesized to be due to differences in

A) genes.
B) hormones.
C) lateralization in the right cerebral hemisphere.
D) selected visual experiences.

Question 22

In early middle childhood, advances are made in both fine and gross motor skills. This allows for children to participate in sports activities. Emphasis in sports at this time should be placed on

A) winning.
B) competition.
C) sports that require coordination of several skills.
D) fundamental movement skills.

Question 23

Lars is 7 years old. He is begging his mother to allow him to participate in sports. Which one of the following is a sport which best serves the needs of young participants?

A) Baseball
B) Football
C) Soccer
D) Marathon running

Question 24

In terms of early sports participation, a sport more conductive to girls' capabilities is_______, and for boys, it is_______

A) gymnastics; soccer.
B) soccer; football.
C) basketball; football.
D) field hockey; ice hockey.

Question 25

_______is the ability to distinguish between an object which is moving and the corresponding background.

A) Visual acuity
B) Spatial cognition
C) Figure-ground perception
D) Selective attention

Question 26

The likelihood of death during middle childhood is_______ compared to other developmental periods.

A) considerably more likely
B) less
C) no different
D) significantly increased

Question 27

_______is a vision condition which results in blurred distance vision.

A) Myopia
B) Figure-ground perception
C) Visual acuity
D) Spatial perception

Question 28

Marin is 9 years old. She has been squinting to see the board lately. Her older sister wears glasses. Marin should be evaluated for which one of the following conditions?

A) Selective attention
B) Myopia
C) Convergence insufficiency
D) Spatial perception

Question 29

Children who suffer from convergence insufficiency usually avoid

A) playing sports.
B) listening to music.
C) watching videos.
D) reading.

Question 30

Whenever Don's mother tells him she wants to listen to him read, 8 year old Don starts to cry that he has a headache and that his eyes are tired. Don may be suffering from

A) myopia.
B) nearsightedness.
C) convergence insufficiency.
D) spatial disorder.

Question 31

Bernardo has been diagnosed with convergence insufficiency. His physician tells his parents that

A) vision therapy exercises can correct the problem.
B) he must wear corrective lenses.
C) it is an inherited condition which cannot be corrected.
D) Bernardo is lazy and must try harder.

Question 32

Children in middle childhood are very healthy overall. However about a quarter to a third of all children in the United States suffer from which one of the following medical conditions?

A) Ear infections
B) Convergence insufficiency
C) Allergies
D) Acute infections

Question 33

Which one of the following is the number one reason 6- to 12- year-old children are absent from school?

A) Allergies
B) Accidents
C) Asthma
D) Toothaches

Question 34

Seven-year old Susan has difficulty breathing at home. Her parents have been instructed to remove all irritants such as second-hand smoke and pets from the home. Susan is most likely suffering from which one of the following medical conditions?

A) Asthma
B) Migraines
C) Ear infections
D) Cancer

Question 35

_______is the ability to understand a diagnosed medical condition, find relevant information, and evaluate the recommended therapies.

A) Parental concern
B) Health literacy
C) Knowledge-based care
D) Medical comprehension

Question 36

_______are the number one cause of injuries in middle childhood.

A) Auto accidents
B) Falls
C) Dog bites
D) Sports injuries

Question 37

Research by the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control suggests that many injuries in middle childhood could be reduced by which one of the following?

A) Avoiding sports
B) Using an inhaler
C) Wearing a helmet
D) Good footwear

Question 38

The second leading cause of death in middle childhood is

A) homicide.
B) suicide.
C) cancer.
D) allergies.

Question 39

David is 12 years old and a Native American. He is more likely to die of_______ than any other ethnic group in the United States.

A) homicide
B) cancer
C) asthma
D) suicide

Question 40

____________is the most significant long-term health risk of the middle childhood period.

A) Cancer
B) Allergies
C) Asthma
D) Excessive weight gain

Question 41

BMI-for-age is based on a child's ____________and____________

A) BMI; age.
B) BMI; SES.
C) age; weight gain.
D) BMI; weight gain.

Question 42

Roy is undergoing his annual medical physical. His BMI-for-age is measured at the 95^th percentile. Roy is considered

A) BMI-for-age.
B) at-risk-for-over-weight.
C) overweight.
D) anemic.

Question 43

Research on excessive weight gain in children suggests that it is a result of both genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Which one of the following theories of development does this finding support?

A) Nativist
B) Empiricist
C) Interactionist
D) Operant conditioning

Question 44

Lettie is underweight and has insulin injections. Which one of the following is her most likely diagnosis?

A) Type 1 diabetes
B) Type 2 diabetes
C) Asthma
D) Allergies

Question 45

The increase in the number of children diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is directly related to an increase in

A) sports participation.
B) asthma.
C) overweight children.
D) good dietary practices.

Question 46

____________is the population group most likely to live at or below the poverty level in the U.S.

A) Children under 18
B) Adults 18-55
C) Adults 55-65
D) Adults over 65

Question 47

Which one of the following groups has the highest rate of children who are poor?

A) White
B) Hispanic American
C) African American
D) American Indian

Question 48

____________is the best predictor of a child's health.

A) Poverty
B) Eating habits
C) Socioeconomic status
D) Parents' finances

Question 49

Physical education classes have long-term influences on the likelihood of exercising in adulthood if the program focuses on which one of the following activities?

A) Competitive sports
B) Team sports
C) Lifetime physical activities one can do alone
D) Health education

Question 50

Many behaviors in middle childhood that are considered problematic, such as impulsiveness, can be developmentally normal. Atypical behaviors should be considered problematic when they extend

A) for a week.
B) beyond the home.
C) for longer than 6 months.
D) to the classroom.

Question 51

Which one of the following is the most commonly diagnosed childhood behavior disorder?

A) Depression
B) Autism
C) Childhood-onset conduct disorder
D) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 52

Brian is in the fourth grade. Brian does well in school and he loves to play soccer. However, most of the children in his class will not play with him because he never passes the ball and often knocks them down. He has displayed these behaviors for the past year. Which one of the following conditions is Brian likely exhibiting?

A) Attention-deficit, hyperactive/impulsive type
B) Attention-deficit, inattentive type
C) Childhood-onset conduct disorder
D) Obsessive compulsive disorder

Question 53

Ten-year-old Marissa is working at grade level. Her work is usually sloppy. When she is called upon to read, she is frequently on the wrong page. These behaviors have been occurring since she was 5 years old. Which one of the following conditions is Marissa likely exhibiting?

A) Attention-deficit, hyperactive/impulsive type
B) Attention-deficit, inattentive type
C) Childhood-onset conduct disorder
D) Obsessive compulsive disorder

Question 54

In the diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, boys are more likely to be diagnosed with the____________ type while girls are more likely to be diagnosed with the____________Type.

A) hyperactive; impulsive
B) hyperactive; inattentive
C) impulsive; hyperactive
D) combined; hyperactive

Question 55

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is diagnosed ____________in the United States as compared to other countries.

A) at the same rate
B) less frequently
C) more frequently
D) ten times as frequently

Question 56

Which one of the following statements is accurate concerning gender differences and the diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder?

A) Boys are diagnosed and treated more frequently than girls.
B) Girls are diagnosed and treated more frequently than boys.
C) There are no gender differences.
D) Boys are more likely to be diagnosed, but girls are more likely to receive treatment.

Question 57

The diagnosis of ADHD increases during elementary school. This is most likely because the

A) condition does not begin until age 10.
B) condition must exist for several years before diagnosis.
C) demands of school increase.
D) disorder can be handled more easily when a child is younger.

Question 58

One of the documented causes of ADHD is

A) sugar.
B) red dye.
C) brain damage.
D) preterm birth.

Question 59

Research indicates that medication prescribed for ADHD

A) increases grades.
B) increases attention.
C) decreases peer rejection.
D) decreases activity level.

Question 60

Research suggests that____________ is the most effect treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

A) Adderall
B) Ritalin
C) extensive attention training
D) therapy tailored to the needs of the individual child

Question 61

Medication for ADHD works best when

A) the symptoms are severe.
B) food allergies are not present.
C) diet is adjusted.
D) the expectations for its success are low.

Question 62

Bill is 10 years old. He has been diagnosed with severe ADHD, hyperactive/impulsive type. Which one of the following is the best treatment protocol for Bill?

A) Parental education and discipline
B) A consistent parental management program and medication
C) Parental education and attention training
D) Medication alone

Question 63

Oppositional defiant disorder is often diagnosed with

A) autism.
B) obsessive compulsive disorder.
C) ADHD.
D) Asperger's disorder.

Question 64

Nine-year-old Nora is often angry and refuses to comply with her parents' requests. She often throws objects around her bedroom and tells her parents that she hates them. Which one of the following best describes Nora's behavior?

A) ADHD
B) Learning disability
C) Oppositional defiant disorder
D) Hostility

Question 65

The cause of oppositional defiant disorder is

A) preterm birth.
B) poor diet.
C) poverty.
D) unknown.

Question 66

Parents frequently maintain the behaviors of oppositional defiant disorder through

A) classical conditioning.
B) negative reinforcement.
C) bullying.
D) unrealistic expectations.

Question 67

Mrs. Samuel's son 9-year old James has been diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder.
Mrs) Samuel has been told that the most effective treatment is

A) medication.
B) change in diet.
C) more exercise.
D) parenting training.

Question 68

Nine-year-old Tomas is disobedient when given directives by his parents and teachers. He is frequently aggressive with other children, particularly smaller ones. The principal confronted him as he was stealing from other children's lockers. Tomas immediately denied it. Which one of the following diagnoses best fits Tomas's behaviors?

A) Oppositional defiant disorder
B) Depression
C) ADHD
D) Childhood-onset conduct disorder

Question 69

Jill who is 10 repeatedly surfs the Internet late at night although her parents have forbidden her to do so. She waits until they are asleep and then sneaks onto the computer. She sends threatening messages to other girls in her class and has spread damaging rumors on the Internet about her classmates. When confronted about this behavior, Jill becomes hostile and destroys her stuffed animals. Which one of the following diagnoses best fits Jill's behaviors?

A) Childhood-onset conduct disorder
B) ADHD
C) Temper tantrums
D) Oppositional defiant disorder

Question 70

Research indicates that children who are diagnosed with conduct disorder are more likely to have parents who employ which one of the following parenting styles?

A) Authoritarian
B) Authoritative
C) Permissive
D) Neglecting

Question 71

Childhood-onset conduct disorder frequently escalates to

A) drug and alcohol abuse.
B) depression.
C) adolescent-onset conduct disorder.
D) oppositional defiant disorder.

Question 72

Sasha is 12 years old. Her mom frequently finds Sasha crying in her room. She tells her mother that none of her classmates like her and she wishes she could vanish. Which one of the following diagnoses best fits Sasha's behaviors?

A) Childhood-onset conduct disorder
B) Adolescent-onset conduct disorder
C) Depression
D) Oppositional defiant disorder

Question 73

Twelve-year-old Dennis daydreams excessively at home and school. He wanders around the house at night and cannot sleep. He has lost about 15 pounds in the past six months. He told his teacher that he does not see the point in studying. Which one of the following diagnoses best fits Dennis's behaviors?

A) OCD
B) ADHD
C) Long-term Sadness
D) Major depressive disorder

Question 74

Which one of the following statements is accurate concerning the causes of major depressive disorder?

A) Stress in the form of serious illness and divorce is a major contributing factor.
B) Depression is totally genetically determined.
C) All children who are depressed have depressed parents.
D) Rural children are more likely to be depressed.

Question 75

Melinda was just diagnosed with asthma. Her dad asks the physician for sources to read on the condition. He also investigates asthma on the Internet. His efforts are an attempt to increase

A) parental concern.
B) SES.
C) health literacy.
D) Marta's attachment to him.

Question 76

__________ increases greatly during middle childhood and allows for increased participation in motor activities particularly sports.

Question 77

In middle childhood increases in __________ allow the child to focus on the relevant components of a task.

Question 78

__________ is one reliably demonstrated sex difference and allows boys to better understand the movements of objects in space more than girls do.

Question 79

Frequently diagnosed in middle childhood, __________ is an inherited visual condition which results in blurred distance vision.

Question 80

__________ are the number one cause of death for children 5 to 14 years old.