Deck 13: Physical Development and Health in Adolescence

Question 1

What is adolescence?

A) The same as puberty
B) The period of life wedged between childhood and adolescence
C) A biological process occurring in all humans
D) A life stage occurring in all cultures

Answer 1

The same as puberty

Question 2

What marks the beginning of puberty in most cultures?

A) adolescence
B) acne
C) independence
D) physical changes

Answer 2

physical changes

Question 3

What part of the endocrine system initiates puberty by signaling the adrenal glad to increase production of androgen?

A) adrenarche
B) gonadotrophic hormones
C) pituitary gland
D) thyroid

Answer 3

pituitary gland

Question 4

When do the first internal changes take place to signal the start of puberty?

A) 11-13
B) 7-8
C) 12-14
D) 9-11

Question 5

Which hormones stimulate the growth of ovaries in girls and testes in boys?

A) gonadotrophic
B) thyroid stimulating hormone
C) general growth hormone
D) adrenal androgen

Question 6

Which hormone triggers the growth spurt in girls as well as the development of pubic hair?

A) adrenal androgen
B) thyroid stimulating hormone
C) general growth hormone
D) estrogen

Question 7

Which hormone in males plays a critical role in the formation of male genitals prenatally and triggers the sequence of changes in primary and secondary sex characteristics at puberty?

A) thyroxine
B) adrenal androgen
C) testosterone
D) estrogen

Question 8

If a 10-year-old boy is not growing at a normal rate, which hormone level might the doctor check?

A) Thyroxine
B) Adrenal androgen
C) Testosterone
D) Gonadotrophic hormones

Question 9

What happens to the brain during the first adolescent growth spurt, between 13 and 15 years?

A) The prefrontal cortex and the frontal lobe expands
B) The prefrontal cortex matures and the neurons in the prefrontal cortex form new synapses with those in other parts of the brain
C) The cerebral cortex becomes thicker and the neuronal pathways become more efficient
D) The brain virtually shuts down allowing the body to focus on rapid physical growth.

Question 10

Josh is 15 years old. His brother Mark is 11. Josh is much better at videogames than Mark now that he is an adolescent. What about his brain development would be causing this to be the case?

A) Growth in brain areas that control spatial perception, motor functions, and information processing improve between ages 13-15.
B) Hormones released during puberty increase the adolescent's processing speed.
C) The growth of the prefrontal cortex and frontal lobe increase the competitive nature of the adolescent.
D) Growth in the brain that effects decision making, reaction time, and cognition are not fully mature until age thirteen.

Question 11

When does the second brain growth spurt of adolescence occur?

A) Age 13-18
B) Age 17-early adulthood
C) Age 18-adulthood
D) Depends on the adolescent

Question 12

Some high schools in the United States are beginning the school day later and ending it in the evening. What research regarding circadian rhythms caused these schools to change their start and end time?

A) Adolescents have a melatonin surge later in the day, causing them to have difficulties waking early and allowing them to stay up late.
B) Adolescents circadian rhythms cause them to feel more positively towards a school day that begins later.
C) Adolescents release thyroxin at high levels, causing them to need more morning sleep and a later bedtime.
D) Adolescents attendance rates improve if the commencement time is later in the day.

Question 13

Why would a college student with delayed sleep phase syndrome not want to enroll in an early morning class?

A) She can't wake up on time since she can't fall asleep until between 3:00 AM and 4:00 AM
B) They are more alert in the afternoon so they would do better in an afternoon class.
C) They would be considered night owls and should take evening classes.
D) They wake up refreshed but feel sleepy once they need to do cognitive tasks

Question 14

Name two social factors preventing teens from getting adequate sleep.

A) They are acutely worried about how they look and if they are popular socially
B) They are texting friends or using their computers
C) They are experiencing intense academic pressures and worry about grades
D) Their circadian rhythms cause them to want to sleep in and stay up late

Question 15

What is the first visible sign of puberty?

A) facial and body hair
B) acne
C) primary sex characteristics
D) adolescent growth spurt

Question 16

What triggers the adolescent growth spurt?

A) testosterone in boys, estrodial in girls
B) human growth hormone released by the pituitary
C) thyroxine
D) adrenaline

Question 17

Thirteen year old Ryan has a size 10 shoe even though he is just five feet tall. In fact, it seems as though parts of his body are growing at different rates. Why would this be so?

A) The different parts of the adolescent's body do not grow at the same pace.
B) Adolescent growth is proximodistal.
C) Adolescent growth is cephaulcaudal.
D) Although adolescents appear as though their body parts are growing at different rates, they are growing symmetrically.

Question 18

At what age do most females reach adult height?

A) 20
B) 21
C) 18
D) 16

Question 19

At what age do most males reach adult height?

A) 18-23
B) 15
C) 25
D) 14

Question 20

Because of advanced joint development, early adolescent girls outperform boys in sports that require what skill?

A) speed
B) coordination
C) stamina
D) strength

Question 21

What two facial features become more prominent in adolescence?

A) jaw and forehead
B) eyes and lips
C) ears and mouth
D) cheeks and nose

Question 22

What happens to the heart and lungs during adolescence?

A) They decrease in size
B) They increase in size
C) Heart rate increases, lung capacity increases
D) Increases in growth stop

Question 23

What are the sex organs required for reproduction called?

A) menarche
B) semenarche
C) primary sex characteristics
D) secondary sex characteristics

Question 24

What are the sex characteristics that are not directly related to reproduction called?

A) menarche
B) semenarche
C) primary sex characteristics
D) secondary sex characteristics

Question 25

What is a female's first menstruation called?

A) Menstruation
B) Secular trend
C) Menarche
D) Semenarche

Question 26

How do primary and secondary sex characteristics develop?

A) Sequentially in five distinct stages
B) Randomly depending on your genetics and environment
C) Sequentially in industrialized cultures but not in cultures with poor health outcomes
D) According to a secular trend

Question 27

How can improvements in health and nutrition change menarche?

A) Improved health and nutrition can lower the age of menarche.
B) Improved health and nutrition can increase the age of menarche.
C) Worsening health conditions and nutrition can cause an increase in the frequency of menstruation.
D) Worsening health conditions and nutrition can prevent fertility.

Question 28

Ali is a thin 15-year-old. She is physically fit, involved in gymnastics and swimming. Why would she not have experienced menarche yet?

A) Some girls are late bloomers, beginning menarche later than others
B) Involvement in athletics leads to disrupted primary sex characteristics
C) Lowered body fat often leads to delayed menarche
D) Stress, especially as a result of athletic competition, can delay menarche

Question 29

Currently, when do girls show signs of puberty as compared with their mothers?

A) Within the same time frame
B) 1-2 years earlier than their mothers did
C) 1-2 years later than their mothers did
D) Approximately 5 years earlier

Question 30

When, on average, does spermarche take place?

A) At the beginning of puberty
B) 13-14 years of age
C) 10-12 years of age
D) 14-16 years of age

Question 31

How do boys and girls whose development occurs earlier or later than expected feel about themselves?

A) They are less happy and have lowered self esteem
B) They feel confident with how their development is unfolding
C) They don't have expectations regarding the timing of their development so there is little if any impact
D) They have significantly higher diagnosis of mental illnesses

Question 32

What are some outcomes for early development in girls?

A) Greater prestige among peers as well as enhanced intelligence
B) Greater depression and earlier sex
C) Increased popularity among same sex peers and increased conflict with parents
D) Increased fear and hostility

Question 33

Why is there an increased risk of substance abuse for boys and girls who mature early?

A) They are more likely to be depressed
B) They look older and have older friends who are experimenting with substance use
C) They are trying to be adults in behavior since their bodies resemble those of adults
D) They look older so parents supervise less

Question 34

Which type of parenting results in sexual activity and substance abuse in early developing adolescents?

A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) permissive
D) neglecting

Question 35

When do most people have their first sexual encounter?

A) Late teens to early twenties
B) Early to mid-teens
C) Mid-to late teens
D) After marriage

Question 36

Which racial and ethnic group has the highest numbers of high school students having had sexual intercourse at least once?

A) Native Americans
B) Hispanic Americans
C) Whites
D) African Americans

Question 37

What are common social factors of boys who become sexually active early?

A) They are more likely to be poor, lack adult supervision, use alcohol, and were abused or neglected in childhood
B) They were learning disabled, retained at least one year in school, and came from homes where both parents worked
C) They were sexually mature early, they worked at an early age, they were unsupervised by parents
D) They used substances, had a record of delinquency, and tended to be the middle child in the family

Question 38

What are common social factors of girls who are sexually active early?

A) They had difficulties in school, early menarche, a history of sexual abuse
B) They had difficulties socially, were friends with boys more than girls, used alcohol earlier than peers
C) They dated early, played sports, had few friends
D) They had siblings who were sexually active early, they failed at least one grade, they watched 20 plus hours of TV each week

Question 39

Which racial and ethnic group of students reported being most likely to use condoms?

A) Hispanic Americans
B) Asian Americans
C) African Americans
D) Whites

Question 40

Which type of sex education approach does the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Society for Adolescent Medicine claim are the most effective?

A) Abstinence only
B) Curriculum about emphasizes birth control and the prevention of STDs
C) The approach should be chosen by parents and not schools
D) A combination of abstinence-only programs and those that provide information about reproduction, sexuality, and contraception

Question 41

Which socioeconomic group are teens who wed likely to live in?

A) Middle
B) Upper
C) Lower
D) It depends on the level of financial support they receive from family members

Question 42

What are teens who marry more likely to do?

A) Divorce
B) Live in poverty
C) Drop out of school
D) All of the above

Question 43

What is the rate of teen pregnancy in the United States as it compares to other industrialized countries?

A) It is the lowest as we have means of birth control that are widely accepted
B) It is in the middle
C) It is the highest despite the fact that birth control is accessible
D) The United States ranks fourth in teen pregnancy rates

Question 44

Which of the following act as protective factors for teen girls, causing them to decrease their likelihood of pregnancy?

A) Good grades
B) Communication with their mothers about sex and contraception
C) Having educational goals
D) All of the above

Question 45

What causes a person to be gay or lesbian?

A) genetics
B) biology
C) environment
D) the cause is still unknown but probably a variety of factors

Question 46

What is meant by the term transgendered?

A) It is the same as gay and lesbian
B) It is the same as heterosexual
C) It is the same as bisexual
D) A person's mind is one gender while their biology is another

Question 47

Why are so many teens being diagnosed with diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease?

A) These diseases have a strong genetic component
B) Because of environmental toxins
C) Because they are overweight
D) Pediatricians are now better at diagnosing these conditions earlier

Question 48

What are contributing factors as to why so many teens in the United States are overweight?

A) They have poor eating habits and are less physically active than prior generations
B) They put on weight due to the presence of hormones such as testosterone and estrodial
C) They don't diet
D) Genetics

Question 49

Which form of birth control can help to protect against STDs?

A) Diaphragm
B) The pill
C) Condoms
D) Abortion

Question 50

Which STD puts girls at risk of cervical cancer?

A) chlamydia
B) genital warts
C) genital herpes
D) syphilis

Question 51

Which STD now has a vaccine that is recommended for all girls ages 9-26?

A) HIV/AIDS
B) Genital warts
C) Genital herpes
D) Gonorrhea

Question 52

Which teens are most likely to use alcohol and drugs?

A) Those who have authoritative parents
B) Those who have siblings who use alcohol or drugs
C) Those who engage in sensation seeking or risky behavior
D) Those who have few friends

Question 53

Which illicit drugs have over half of youth in grades 10 and 12 used in the past twelve months prior to being surveyed?

A) Marijuana
B) Ritalin
C) Methamphetamine
D) Alcohol

Question 54

What is the leading cause of death for African American teens?

A) Accidents
B) Drug overdose
C) Homicide
D) Disease

Question 55

Who was the first person to view adolescence as a transitional period between childhood and adulthood?

A) Piaget
B) Hall
C) Freud
D) Bowlby

Question 56

Lately, 15-year-old Aaron has been hanging out with kids who are always in trouble. Twice he was expelled for fighting, and other kids think of him now as a bully. He defies the curfew his parents have set for him, and once he even threatened his mother if she did not give him money. This seems to be a stark contrast to how he acted just a few years ago, getting high grades, having a small group of friends who stayed out of trouble. Why is Aaron acting the way that he is?

A) He is a juvenile delinquent.
B) He has depressive disorder.
C) He has bipolar disorder.
D) He has adolescent-onset conduct disorder.

Question 57

What is the most important factor in the development of adolescent-onset conduct disorder?

A) Parenting style
B) Peer influence
C) Genetics
D) Poor schools

Question 58

Which type of parent increases the risk of adolescent-onset conduct disorder?

A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Strict
D) Parents who have also had conduct disorder

Question 59

What are parenting practices that help children become resilient to adolescent-onset conduct disorder?

A) Strict parenting yet a culture that allows for permissiveness to balance out the needs of the adolescent
B) Permissive parenting that does not restrict the teens need for independence
C) Parenting that includes good monitoring as well as emotional support for teens
D) Parents who treat teens as their friends, developing a strong rapport of equality with them

Question 60

Sean and his friends intentionally break the law every weekend. What is their behavior called?

A) Adolescent-onset conduct disorder
B) Delinquency
C) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
D) Borderline Personality

Question 61

What is the age group with the highest arrest rate?

A) 11-14
B) 18-13
C) 15-17
D) 12-16

Question 62

What disorder is fueled by the media's image that thin is beautiful?

A) Adolescent-onset conduct disorder
B) Depression
C) Eating disorders
D) Borderline personality disorder

Question 63

What is the goal of treating a person with anorexia nervosa?

A) Diagnosing their underlying mental health
B) Getting them to eat
C) Helping them to see that thin is not beautiful but is deadly
D) Getting their family into therapy

Question 64

Anthony's girlfriend has told him countless times that if he breaks up with her that she will kill herself. What is she likely to be suffering from?

A) Adolescent-onset conduct disorder
B) Borderline Personality Disorder
C) Anorexia Nervosa
D) Bulimia

Question 65

What is a compelling reason why guns should not be in the homes of adolescents?

A) Accidents can happen
B) They are dangerous
C) Depressed adolescents may see them as a means to suicide
D) They are illegal

Question 66

Why does depression hinder academic achievement?

A) It interferes with memory
B) The student is too sad to do school work
C) The student is thinking of suicide over academics
D) They are often poor students to begin with

Question 67

How are anorexia nervosa and bulimia related?

A) They are not related.
B) They are both eating disorders
C) The treatment for both is identical
D) They both have as a root cause borderline personality disorder

Question 68

Which disorder, do psychoanalysts believe may have as a root cause the fear of growing up?

A) Infantile amnesia
B) Adolescent-onset conduct disorder
C) Eating disorders
D) Depression

Question 69

Why might parents be unaware that their children have an eating disorder?

A) They pay little attention to them in adolescence
B) Teens hide their disorder in a variety of ways by lying about what they eat and wearing loose fitting clothing
C) Most parents become permissive when their children are adolescents with little monitoring of their meals
D) They are neglectful

Question 70

Adolescence is a culture's response to __________ .

Question 71

The hormones which stimulate the growth of ovaries in girls and testes in boys are the __________ .

Question 72

There are__________ growth spurts in the adolescent brain.

Question 73

A consequence of a being sleep deprived adolescent is __________ .

Question 74

Rod has difficulty falling asleep at night but eventually, betwen 3:00 AM and 4:00 AM he does manage to dose off. Accordingly, he often can't wake up until around noon. Rod has__________ .

Question 75

A child's __________ grow to adult size earlier than other parts of the body.

Question 76

Most females reach adult height by age __________ .

Question 77

In adolescence __________ changes the young person's facial appearance.

Question 78

__________ outperform __________ of the same age with regard to athletic skills that require coordination, such as pitching a softball.

Question 79

__________ have more fat in adolescence than __________ do.

Question 80

Bodily changes that include breast development, changing voice, facial hair, and body hair are called __________ .