Deck 7: Humanistic Theories and Self-Actualization

Question 1

The theory that focuses on the development of the entire organism is:

A) Organistic theory
B) Motive theory
C) Positive psychology
D) Effectance theory

Answer 1

Organistic theory

Question 2

Self-actualization is a continuous and unrelenting striving to develop one's:

A) Motivational needs
B) Character
C) Full potential
D) Inherent predisposition

Answer 2

Full potential

Question 3

Humanists believe that people are:

A) Self-actualized.
B) Superior to other animals.
C) Focused on past experience.
D) Inherently good.

Answer 3

Inherently good.

Question 4

According to humanist theory, openness refers to:

A) Believing in the good of all people.
B) Living in the here and now.
C) Agreeableness.
D) Preoccupation with the future.

Question 5

The view that we are ultimately responsible for what happens to us is called:

A) Personal responsibility
B) Self-determination
C) Humanistic psychology
D) Organistic psychology

Question 6

Humanistic theorists emphasize ________ and establishing a sense of personal responsibility.

A) Free will
B) Self-determination
C) Learning from past experience
D) An organistic approach

Question 7

The movement within psychology that focuses on factors that maximize well-being and self-satisfaction is:

A) Humanistic psychology
B) Adjustment psychology
C) Psychodynamic psychology
D) Positive psychology

Question 8

According to Maslow, neurosis can be regarded as a:

A) Growth conflict
B) Organistic disease
C) Needs conflict
D) Deficiency disease

Question 9

According to Maslow, behaviour is motivated by deficiency motives and ________.

A) Basic needs
B) Higher needs
C) Growth motives
D) Social influence

Question 10

Maslow created the concept of:

A) The phenomenal field
B) The need for self-regard
C) The hierarchy of needs
D) The fully functioning person

Question 11

Lower needs:

A) Reflect growth motives
B) Reflect deficiency motives
C) Reflect both growth motives deficiency motives
D) Are independent of both growth motives deficiency motives

Question 12

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following levels is higher than belonging and love?

A) Safety
B) Esteem
C) Physiological needs
D) B-values

Question 13

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following levels is lower than self-actualization?

A) Safety
B) Esteem
C) Physiological needs
D) All the above

Question 14

Upper level needs emphasize:

A) Self-completion and self-development
B) A final static endpoint
C) Deficiency motives
D) Health and safety motives

Question 15

Self-actualization involves transcending the:

A) Superego
B) Id
C) Ego
D) Spiritual self

Question 16

Which of the following is not a characteristic of healthy self-actualized people?

A) Increased spontaneity
B) Increased enculturation
C) Increase in problem-centering
D) Greatly increased creativeness

Question 17

According to Maslow, which of the following individuals would most likely not have attained self-actualization?

A) Albert Einstein
B) Abraham Lincoln
C) Thomas Jefferson
D) Elvis Presley

Question 18

Moments of feeling heavenly is referred to as having:

A) Peak experiences
B) Peak actualization
C) Mindfulness
D) Hierarchical awareness

Question 19

Peak experiences are:

A) Ultimate emotional encounters
B) Universal tendencies
C) Moments void of fear and self-doubt
D) Equated with B-values

Question 20

Maslow defined the Jonah complex as a:

A) Fear of belongingness
B) Fear of greatness
C) Integral part of the self-actualization process
D) Fear of insignificance

Question 21

A fear of our own destiny is referred to as the:

A) Jonah complex
B) Vipassana conflict
C) Metapathologic complex
D) Desacralizing tendency

Question 22

Meta-motivations are also known as:

A) B-values
B) C-values
C) Alpha needs
D) Peak experiences

Question 23

Metapathologies can result from a failure to realize ________.

A) Peak experiences
B) Self-actualization
C) B-values
D) Ego defenses

Question 24

Maslow believed that studying personality meant looking at the ________ person.

A) Self-actualized
B) Fully functioning
C) Desacralized
D) Whole

Question 25

Which of the following is not included as a criticism of Maslow's work?

A) The role of culture
B) The sequence of hierarchy stages
C) The progression to self-actualization
D) The characteristics of self-actualization

Question 26

The perceptual field of awareness and cognition is referred to as:

A) Self-regard
B) The phenomenal field
C) The hierarchical field
D) Self-actualization

Question 27

According to Rogers, the self is a:

A) Segment of the phenomenal field
B) Static gestalt
C) Dynamic process
D) Non-determinant of behaviour

Question 28

Rogers created the concept of:

A) The phenomenal tendency
B) Meta-motivations
C) The hierarchy of needs
D) The fully functioning person

Question 29

The primary threat to self-regard is:

A) Conditional regard
B) Conditions of worth
C) Phenomenal fields
D) Organismic valuing process

Question 30

The receipt of positive feedback and love from significant others in our life is termed:

A) Unconditional positive regard
B) Conditions of worth
C) Phenomenal fields
D) Organismic valuing process

Question 31

Rogers used the ________ to evaluate the degree of overlap between the actual self and ideal self.

A) Organismic valuing analysis
B) Q-sort technique
C) Introspective technique
D) Guttman scale analysis

Question 32

The antidote of conditions of worth is to experience:

A) Unconditional positive regard
B) Peak conditions
C) Phenomenal fields
D) Organismic valuing process

Question 33

According to Rogers, psychological problems are due to:

A) Dysfunctional brain neurochemistry
B) Dysfunctional positive regard
C) A discrepancy between the actual self and the ideal self
D) Changes in the phenomenal field

Question 34

An inherent tendency of the organism to develop all of its capacities in ways which serve to maintain or enhance the organism is referred to as:

A) Self-regard
B) Unconditional positive regard
C) Self-actualization
D) The actualizing tendency

Question 35

According to Rogers, when the needs for positive regard and self-actualization are satisfied, it is then possible for an individual to become:

A) Fully functioning
B) Self-actualized
C) Organismically valued
D) Self-aware

Question 36

The actualizing tendency has four main characteristics. Which of the following is not one of them?

A) It is active
B) It is non-directional
C) It is organismic
D) It is selective

Question 37

Subception refers to:

A) Masks in terms of "false fronts"
B) Awareness of conflicting self-perceptions
C) The ability of a fully functioning person to ignore feedback
D) Constructs that are not consciously available

Question 38

The PCI was developed to assess:

A) Self-actualization
B) Cognitive dissonance
C) Perfectionism
D) Conditions of worth

Question 39

Which of the following researchers categorized self-worth contingencies?

A) Crocker
B) Watts
C) Rogers
D) Maslow

Question 40

In client-centered therapy, the therapist's main task is to be ________.

A) Sympathetic
B) Directive
C) Insightful
D) Empathetic

Question 41

In client-centred therapy, Rogers believed that success comes from:

A) The therapist being sympathetic.
B) The therapist being directive.
C) The client realizing his or her own goals and needs.
D) The client realizing the therapist's interpretations.

Question 42

Conditions of acceptance and non-judging is associated with:

A) Perfectionism Cognitions Therapy
B) Client-centered therapy
C) Contingencies of Self-Worth Approach
D) Fixed Role Therapy

Question 43

One of the most salient criticisms of Rogers' theory relates to:

A) The client-centered approach
B) Unconditional positive regard
C) The actualizing tendency
D) Cultural differences

Question 44

It seems that the most useful measure of self-actualization is the:

A) Short Index of Self- Actualization
B) Personal Orientation Inventory
C) Personal Orientation Dimensions
D) Self-Actualization Identity Inventory

Question 45

Which of the following items on the SI is not indicative of a self-actualized person?

A) I feel free to be angry at those I love.
B) It is better to be yourself than be popular.
C) I fear failure.
D) I am loved because I give love.

Question 46

Which of the following items on the SI is indicative of a self-actualized person?

A) I feel that I must do what others expect of me.
B) I don't accept my own weaknesses.
C) I fear failure.
D) I am loved because I give love.

Question 47

Which of the following researchers has advanced theories on psychological well-being?

A) Crocker
B) Ryff
C) Rogers
D) Maslow

Question 48

According to Ryff's research on well-being, autonomy refers to:

A) Evaluation according to personal standards
B) The self as growing and expanding
C) Defined goals
D) Trusting relationships with others

Question 49

"With time, I have gained a lot of insight about my life that has made me a stronger, more capable person." According to Ryff's research on well-being, this statement best corresponds to:

A) Autonomy
B) Personal growth
C) Purpose in life
D) Self-acceptance

Question 50

What do humanists believe?

Question 51

What is self-actualization? What are five characteristics of healthy, self-actualized people?

Question 52

Discuss Maslow's views on personality.

Question 53

Describe the criticisms of Maslow's work.

Question 54

Define the "self" according to Carl Rogers.

Question 55

What is the actualizing tendency?

Question 56

Discuss some of the shortcomings of Roger's theory.

Question 57

Discuss the contributions of humanistic perspectives on well-being.