Deck 6: Motivational Theories and Psychological Needs

Question 1

Who is responsible for coining the term personology?

A) Freud
B) Horney
C) Murray
D) Jackson

Answer 1

Murray

Question 2

According to Murray, ________ accounts for overly rigid behaviours that persist over time.

A) psychological needs
B) the unconscious
C) the viscerogenic system
D) the habit system

Answer 2

the habit system

Question 3

According to Murray, what is responsible for fantasies, faith, and creativeness?

A) The id
B) The subconscious
C) The press
D) The ego

Answer 3

The id

Question 4

Murray believed that one of the goals of the ________ is to inhibit anti-social tendencies.

A) superego
B) ego
C) viscerogenic system
D) habit system

Question 5

Murray acknowledged the importance of environmental factors in shaping behaviour. The actual situation as it objectively exists is called:

A) thema.
B) alpha press.
C) beta press.
D) primary press.

Question 6

Murray acknowledged the importance of environmental factors in shaping behaviour. The perceived situation is called:

A) thema.
B) alpha press.
C) beta press.
D) primary press.

Question 7

The combination of environmental and personality factors that shape behaviour is termed:

A) thema.
B) alpha press.
C) beta press.
D) primary press.

Question 8

Physiological needs are referred to as ________ needs.

A) alpha
B) beta
C) primary
D) secondary

Question 9

Psychological needs are referred to as ________ needs.

A) alpha
B) beta
C) primary
D) secondary

Question 10

Physiological needs are also referred to as ________ needs.

A) viscerogenic
B) alpha
C) beta
D) secondary

Question 11

Viscerogenic needs include:

A) order and retention.
B) affiliation and nurturance.
C) air and water.
D) superiority and recognition.

Question 12

Which of the following is generally recognized as a limitation of Murray's work?

A) TAT
B) An interaction approach
C) Violation of ethics
D) Patronizing view of women

Question 13

The ________ is a projective measure in which people's needs are revealed by the content of the stories they tell in response to depicted scenes.

A) The Adjective Check List
B) Personality Research Form
C) Edwards Personality Preference Schedule
D) Thematic Apperception Test

Question 14

The TAT appears to suffer from low:

A) internal validity.
B) external validity.
C) test-retest reliability.
D) rank-order stability.

Question 15

A limitation of the Edwards Personality Preference Schedule is that it:

A) biases scores.
B) doesn't measure needs.
C) has low concurrent validity with NEO-PI-R scores.
D) cannot be used in counseling situations.

Question 16

The ________ uses a forced-choice approach.

A) Adjective Check List
B) Personality Research Form
C) Edwards Personality Preference Schedule
D) Thematic Apperception Test

Question 17

Which of the following tests of psychological needs seems to measure the degree to which a person has a creative personality?

A) The Adjective Check List
B) The Personality Research Form
C) Edwards Personality Preference Schedule
D) Thematic Apperception Test

Question 18

Which of the following tests seems to be the most promising measure designed to tap the needs outlined by Murray?

A) The Adjective Check List
B) The Personality Research Form
C) Edwards Personality Preference Schedule
D) Thematic Apperception Test

Question 19

Which of the following tests has increased our understanding of individual differences in psychological needs from a broad cross-cultural perspective?

A) The Adjective Check List
B) The Personality Research Form
C) Edwards Personality Preference Schedule
D) Thematic Apperception Test

Question 20

The leading theorist in achievement motivation is:

A) Horney.
B) Murray.
C) McClelland.
D) Jackson.

Question 21

The drive and determination that a person has to attain goals is termed:

A) achievement motivation.
B) self-construction.
C) affiliation motivation.
D) need set.

Question 22

In assessing the achievement motive, McClelland examined:

A) behaviours.
B) fantasies.
C) the Personality Research Form .
D) object relations.

Question 23

McClelland argued that ________ motives were best studied through fantasies and projective tests rather than studying actual behaviour.

A) implicit
B) explicit
C) biological
D) psychological

Question 24

People with high achievement motivation prefer tasks of ________ difficulty.

A) low
B) moderate
C) high
D) very high

Question 25

The need to be with other people is termed:

A) achievement motivation.
B) social desire.
C) affiliation motivation.
D) need set.

Question 26

Affiliation motivation can be measured with the:

A) Adjective Check List.
B) Personality Research Form.
C) Thematic Apperception Test.
D) Interpersonal Orientation Scale.

Question 27

The need to have an impact on people, places, and objects is known as:

A) achievement motivation.
B) affiliation motivation.
C) a secondary need.
D) effectance.

Question 28

People who need power are likely to:

A) have low levels of aggression.
B) drink moderate amounts of alcohol.
C) avoid gambling,
D) incorporate methods of persuasion.

Question 29

According to research on the need for power, which of the following statements is most accurate?

A) Men are lower than females in the need for power.
B) Men are higher than females in the need for power.
C) Men and women are approximately the same in the need for power.
D) The data is not clear.

Question 30

Idiographic, goal-directed units that represent what the person is typically trying to do defines:

A) the need for power.
B) affiliation motivation.
C) achievement motivation.
D) personal strivings.

Question 31

The leading theorist in personal strivings is:

A) Horney.
B) Murray.
C) McClelland.
D) Emmons.

Question 32

The statement "Make my mother proud of me" represents:

A) the strivings of a person high in intimacy motivation.
B) the strivings of a person high in power motivation.
C) the strivings of a person high in achievement motivation.
D) the strivings of a person high in effectance motivation.

Question 33

The statement "Be assertive when I feel violated or taken advantage of" represents:

A) the strivings of a person high in intimacy motivation.
B) the strivings of a person high in power motivation.
C) the strivings of a person high in achievement motivation.
D) the strivings of a person high in effectance motivation.

Question 34

The statement "Be successful in everything I do" represents:

A) the strivings of a person high in intimacy motivation.
B) the strivings of a person high in power motivation.
C) the strivings of a person high in achievement motivation.
D) the strivings of a person high in effectance motivation.

Question 35

Studies of personal strivings and binge drinking showed that students with greater achievement strivings reported ________ alcohol-related problems when compared to students with fewer achievement strivings.

A) higher
B) much higher
C) fewer
D) the same

Question 36

Studies of personal strivings and binge drinking showed that students preoccupied with self-presentational strivings involving their image reported ________ alcohol-related problems when compared to other students.

A) higher
B) lower
C) much lower
D) the same

Question 37

Personal projects are described as a:

A) low-level construct.
B) mid-level construct.
C) high-level construct.
D) distal trait.

Question 38

Personal strivings are described as a:

A) low-level construct.
B) mid-level construct.
C) high-level construct.
D) distal trait.

Question 39

Which of the following is not included as a motive in the personal projects taxonomy?

A) Acquire
B) Cure
C) Avert
D) Keep

Question 40

What personal projects category does the example "Exercise to get a new partner" fit into?

A) Acquire
B) Cure
C) Prevent
D) Keep

Question 41

What personal projects category does the example "Floss three times a day to avoid tooth decay" fit in to?

A) Acquire
B) Cure
C) Prevent
D) Keep

Question 42

What personal projects category does the example "Exercise to improve poor heart condition" fit into?

A) Acquire
B) Cure
C) Prevent
D) Keep

Question 43

What personal projects category does the goal "Avoid negative condition" fit into?

A) Acquire
B) Cure
C) Prevent
D) Keep

Question 44

Discuss Henry Murray's major contributions to the personality field.

Question 45

Describe the concept of press.

Question 46

What is a need?

Question 47

Describe the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).

Question 48

Identify two non-projective measures of psychological needs.

Question 49

Identify McCelland's major contributions.

Question 50

What is affiliation motivation? Describe Hill's four dimensions that make up the need for affiliation.

Question 51

Define the need for power. What are some characteristics of people that have a need for power?

Question 52

What are personal strivings?

Question 53

Describe the four motives of the personal projects taxonomy.