Deck 1: Personality -An Introduction

Question 1

Which of the following descriptions seems to be the most important characteristic of personality?

A) Unidimensional
B) Specific
C) Similarity
D) Stable

Answer 1

Stable

Question 2

The scope of personality research includes things that apply to all but which of the following:

A) all animals.
B) all people.
C) defined groups of people.
D) specific people.

Answer 2

all animals.

Question 3

Which of the following is not one of the major levels of personality inquiry?

A) Universals
B) Cultural differences
C) Group differences
D) Specific individuals

Answer 3

Cultural differences

Question 4

Which of the following is not one of the main objectives of personality research?

A) Explanation
B) Description
C) Prediction
D) Causation

Question 5

The question "What are the key features of personality?" best fits under which of the following goals of personality research?

A) Causation
B) Description
C) Explanation
D) Prediction

Question 6

The question "Will the personality characteristics prove to be stable over time?" best fits which of the following goals of personality research?

A) Causation
B) Description
C) Explanation
D) Prediction

Question 7

What approach involves gathering a small amount of data on a large group of people to identify general themes?

A) Idiographic approach
B) Nomothetic approach
C) Personologist approach
D) Social learning approach

Question 8

What approach involves gathering a large amount of data on a small number of people?

A) Idiographic approach
B) Nomothetic approach
C) Personologist approach
D) Social learning approach

Question 9

Which well-known personologist was concerned with understanding the entire person?

A) Gordon Allport
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Douglas Jackson
D) Jerry Wiggins

Question 10

What approach reflects a greater focus on the pattern or structure that exists within the individual?

A) Idiographic approach
B) Nomothetic approach
C) Personologist approach
D) Morphogenic approach

Question 11

Who emphasized the importance of temporal factors in personality research?

A) Kluckhohn
B) Barnum
C) Sternberg
D) Revelle

Question 12

Which of the following statements best describes personality research?

A) Personality is about common sense.
B) Personality development reflects only a few influences.
C) Personality is a science.
D) Personality is based on conjecture.

Question 13

The ________ refers to the tendency for people to accept personality feedback provided to them as accurate, even though the feedback is general and vague.

A) Kluckhohn effect
B) Barnum effect
C) Sternberg effect
D) Revelle effect

Question 14

Contemporary views maintain that personality is due to:

A) internal factors.
B) external factors.
C) multiple factors.
D) temperament.

Question 15

Which of the following researchers emphasized the importance of the link between culture and personality?

A) Kluckhohn
B) Barnum
C) Sternberg
D) Revelle

Question 16

Personality can be expressed by individual differences in:

A) emotions.
B) cognitions.
C) social tendencies.
D) all the above.

Question 17

Which of the following levels best depicts trait hostility as being associated with a cynical perception of other people?

A) Affective
B) Behavioural
C) Cognitive
D) Motivational

Question 18

Which of the following levels best depicts trait hostility as characterized by elevated levels of arousal and malevolent motives?

A) Affective
B) Behavioural
C) Cognitive
D) Motivational

Question 19

Personality has consequences for:

A) the individual.
B) social relationships.
C) society.
D) all the above.

Question 20

With respect to the applied perspectives in space flight, favourable characteristics of astronauts have been referred to as the:

A) right stuff personality.
B) positive personality.
C) analogue personality.
D) positive interpersonal orientation.

Question 21

The "right stuff" personality includes:

A) high levels of competitiveness.
B) high levels of mastery orientation.
C) low levels of positive interpersonal orientation.
D) high levels of task focus.

Question 22

The "wrong stuff" personality includes:

A) high levels of competitiveness.
B) low levels of aggressiveness.
C) low levels of hostility.
D) high levels of task focus.

Question 23

Identify and define the main goals of personality research.

Question 24

Explain the importance of temporal factors in personality.

Question 25

Why is the study of personality a science?

Question 26

Discuss the importance of culture and personality.