Question 1

The structure below is a(n) ___ . Ring A is a(n) ___ . Ring B is a(n) ___ . Ring C is a(n) ___ .  &#10;A) trisaccharide, pentose, furanose, alpha&#10;B) trisaccharide, hexose, pyranose, beta&#10;C) tetrasaccharide, pentose, furanose, alpha&#10;D) disaccharide, hexose, pyranose, beta

Accepted Answer

trisaccharide, hexose, pyranose, beta&#10;

Question 2

What is the product of the following reaction?  &#10;A) I&#10;B) II&#10;C) III&#10;D) IV

Accepted Answer

Glycoside formation.

Question 3

What is the product of the following reaction?  &#10;A) I&#10;B) II&#10;C) III&#10;D) IV

Accepted Answer

Aldonic acid synthesis.

Question 4

What is the product of the following reaction?  &#10;A) I&#10;B) II&#10;C) III&#10;D) IV

Accepted Answer

Aldaric acid synthesis.

Question 5

What are the products of the following reaction?  &#10;A) 3 formic acids, 1 carbon dioxide, 2 formaldehyde&#10;B) 4 formic acids, 2 formaldehydes&#10;C) 4 formic acids, 1 carbon dioxide, 1 formaldehyde&#10;D) 4 formic acids, 2 carbon dioxides

Accepted Answer

Periodate oxidative cleavage reactions.

Question 6

What is the product of the following reaction?  &#10;A) I&#10;B) II&#10;C) III&#10;D) IV

Accepted Answer

Reduction of monosaccharides to alditols.

Question 7

What is the correct chair form of D-idose?  &#10;A) I&#10;B) II&#10;C) III&#10;D) IV

Accepted Answer

When converting from Fischer projections to chair structures with monosaccharide hexoses, locate the position of the OH groups in the Fischer projection. The aldehyde in the Fischer projection becomes the anomeric carbon. The last (bottom) carbon in the Fischer projection becomes the 6th carbon in the chair structure, the CH₂OH that is outside the ring. The 5th carbon in the Fischer projection becomes the O in the ring and the carbon counterclockwise from that oxygen. For all hexoses, these three positions do not change. Carbons 2, 3 and 4 in the Fischer determine the equatorial/axial positions of 2, 3 and 4 in the chair and also differentiate between the different hexoses. If in the Fischer projection an OH on 2, 3 or 4 is to the right it will appear down in the chair structure. If the OH is to the left in the Fischer projection, then the OH will be up in the chair structure.

Question 8

What is the correct chair form of D-glucose?  &#10;A) I&#10;B) II&#10;C) III&#10;D) IV

Accepted Answer

When converting from Fischer projections to chair structures with monosaccharide hexoses, locate the position of the OH groups in the Fischer projection. The aldehyde in the Fischer projection becomes the anomeric carbon. The last (bottom) carbon in the Fischer projection becomes the 6th carbon in the chair structure, the CH₂ OH that is outside the ring. The 5th carbon in the Fischer projection becomes the O in the ring and the carbon counterclockwise from that oxygen. For all hexoses, these three positions do not change. Carbons 2, 3 and 4 in the Fischer determine the equatorial/axial positions of 2, 3 and 4 in the chair and also differentiate between the different hexoses. If in the Fischer projection an OH on 2, 3 or 4 is to the right it will appear down in the chair structure. If the OH is to the left in the Fischer projection, then the OH will be up in the chair structure.

Question 9

What is the correct chair form of D-altrose?  &#10;A) I&#10;B) II&#10;C) III&#10;D) IV

Accepted Answer

When converting from Fischer projections to chair structures with monosaccharide hexoses, locate the position of the OH groups in the Fischer projection. The aldehyde in the Fischer projection becomes the anomeric carbon. The last (bottom) carbon in the Fischer projection becomes the 6th carbon in the chair structure, the CH₂OH that is outside the ring. The 5th carbon in the Fischer projection becomes the O in the ring and the carbon counterclockwise from that oxygen. For all hexoses, these three positions do not change. Carbons 2, 3 and 4 in the Fischer determine the equatorial/axial positions of 2, 3 and 4 in the chair and also differentiate between the different hexoses. If in the Fischer projection an OH on 2, 3 or 4 is to the right it will appear down in the chair structure. If the OH is to the left in the Fischer projection, then the OH will be up in the chair structure.

Question 10

The disaccharide ___ is found in table sugar. ___ is the sugar found in milk. ___ is the polysaccharide consisting of highly branched polymers of glucose that humans and other animals use to store sugars in the body.

A) fructose, maltose, glycosaminoglycans
B) sucrose, lactose, glycogen
C) sucrose, maltose, starch
D) fructose, lactose, cellulose

Accepted Answer

Sucrose is the disaccharide found in table sugar. Lactose is the sugar found in milk. Glycogen is the polysaccharide consisting of highly branched polymers of glucose that humans and other animals use to store sugars in the body.

Deck 22: Carbohydrates