Deck 8: Addressing the Obesity Epidemic: An Issue for Public Health Policy

Question 1

Research suggests that childhood depression is associated with an increased BMI in adulthood.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Public health interventions target lifestyle approaches,such as dietary changes and physical activity.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A low Healthy Eating Index (HEI)score is associated with overweight and obesity.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

As weight is often underreported in self-report surveys,we can assume that the actual prevalence of overweight and obesity is somewhat higher than that ascertained from BRFSS data.

Question 5

All energy-dense foods are associated with weight gain.

Question 6

A BMI of 30 translates into about 30 extra pounds for an adult.

Question 7

Mexican-Americans have a higher prevalence rate for metabolic syndrome than whites.

Question 8

The total economic cost of overweight and obesity in the United States is $270 billion a year.

Question 9

There is an inverse relationship between the income level and obesity prevalence within a given neighborhood,state,or legislative district.

Question 10

One of the major components of the We Can! campaign initiated by the National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute is to increase physical activity and decrease screen time.

Question 11

A family component is thought to be of importance in obesity prevention interventions targeting young children.

Question 12

Excessive body weight in children is associated with increased morbidity and mortality just as in adults.

Question 13

The Let's Move! campaign is the most significant and widespread governmental public awareness campaign for preventing childhood obesity.

Question 14

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 requires certain restaurants to list calorie content information for standard menu items on menu boards.

Question 15

Most community-based weight-loss initiatives have been effective.

Question 16

Food portion sizes have remained steady over the past 50 years.

Question 17

The USDA oversees deceptive marketing of foods and food-related products.

Question 18

Physical activity data trends are not as clear as those related to energy intake due to a lack of adequate surveillance activities.

Question 19

Extremely obese is the same as obese.

Question 20

An obesogenic environment is one that promotes weight gain.

Question 21

Between 1988-1994 and 2009-2010,in U.S.adults,the prevalence of

A) both overweight and obesity increased.
B) obesity increased while the prevalence of overweight remained stable.
C) obesity increased while the prevalence of overweight decreased.
D) obesity remained stable while the prevalence of overweight increased.

Question 22

Of the increased cost of health care for obese individuals,the largest single contributor to the health care cost is for treatment related to

A) diabetes.
B) cardiovascular disease.
C) renal disease.
D) hyperlipidemia.

Question 23

Obesity in children is defined as having a BMI

A) below the 50ᵗʰ percentile on the CDC growth chart.
B) between the 85ᵗʰ and 95ᵗʰ percentile on the CDC growth chart.
C) at or above the 95ᵗʰ percentile on the CDC growth chart.
D) BMI is not used to define obesity in children.

Question 24

Which of the following national surveys is/are used most frequently to assess obesity data for Americans?

A) BRFSS
B) CSFII
C) NHANES
D) a and c
E) b and c

Question 25

_____,or body fat distributed around the abdomen,is more highly associated with metabolic disturbances and health problems.

A) Subcutaneous fat
B) Central obesity
C) Gynoid fat
D) Peripheral obesity

Question 26

Self-report weight and height are classified as _____ measures.

A) objective
B) outcome
C) subjective
D) desirable

Question 27

Which of the following is characteristic of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System?

A) Data are self-reported.
B) Data are limited to junior high and high school students.
C) Data provide prevalence of obesity by high school.
D) a and b

Question 28

Which of the following states have obesity prevalence rates ≥ 30 percent?

A) Illinois and Indiana
B) Mississippi and Tennessee
C) West Virginia and Indiana
D) Alabama and Texas
E) b and d

Question 29

Overweight in children is defined as having a BMI

A) below the 50ᵗʰ percentile on the CDC growth chart.
B) between the 85ᵗʰ and 95ᵗʰ percentile on the CDC growth chart.
C) at or above the 95ᵗʰ percentile on the CDC growth chart.
D) BMI is not used to define overweight in children.

Question 30

The use of the BMI calculation is limited in

A) those who are underweight.
B) those who live in developing countries.
C) children.
D) the older population.

Question 31

_____ is the largest influence on energy expenditure.

A) Basal metabolic rate
B) Body mass index
C) Thermic effect of food
D) Volitional physical activity

Question 32

Obesity for adults is divided into _____ classes based on the degree of obesity.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Question 33

Excessive fat is indicated by a waist circumference of _____ for men and _____ for women.

A) < 30 inches, < 25 inches
B) > 30 inches, > 25 inches
C) > 40 inches, > 35 inches
D) None of these

Question 34

Compared to people of normal weight,obese people spent approximately _____ more on health care costs in 2001.

A) 15%
B) 27%
C) 32%
D) 37%

Question 35

Overweight in adults is defined as a BMI

A) less than 24.
B) between 25 and 29.9.
C) greater than 30.
D) Overweight in adults is not defined by using BMI.

Question 36

National data suggest that calorie consumption has increased by _____ calories daily since 1985.

A) 100
B) 200
C) 300
D) 400

Question 37

_____ is the amount of energy able to be metabolized per unit weight or volume of food.

A) Nutrient density
B) Food weight
C) Energy density
D) Energy expenditure

Question 38

Which region of the United States has the highest rate for obesity in children?

A) East
B) Midwest
C) South
D) West

Question 39

Obesity in adults is defined as a BMI

A) less than 24.
B) between 25 and 29.9.
C) greater than 30.
D) Obesity in adults is not defined by using BMI.

Question 40

Efforts to control obesity at the public policy level in the United States are

A) in need of improvement.
B) sufficient.
C) over-funded.
D) successful.

Question 41

A more effective worksite-based intervention would integrate which of the following?

A) Economic support
B) Education
C) Behavioral modification strategies
D) The integration of all of these would lead to the most effective intervention.

Question 42

Which of the following would be an environmental strategy for a worksite weight-loss program?

A) An educational dietary intervention
B) A seminar about personal goal setting
C) Encouraging physical activity
D) Organizational practices which change the physical environment

Question 43

If public health approaches to address obesity are implemented,the obesity epidemic can be expected to follow a pattern similar to smoking rates,which

A) dropped sharply.
B) rose sharply, then dropped gradually.
C) reached a plateau, then started to drop.
D) dropped and then rose again repeatedly.

Question 44

The _____ oversees claims of health effects and labeling of food.

A) Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion
B) Food and Drug Administration
C) Federal Trade Commission
D) United States Department of Agriculture

Question 45

Increased consumption of _____ accounts for the greatest proportion of the overall increase in U.S.energy intake.

A) alcohol
B) carbohydrates
C) fat
D) protein

Question 46

Environmental and social trends that have been identified as possible contributors to the global obesity epidemic include all of the following except

A) fewer opportunities for recreational physical activity.
B) increased safety measures to protect walkers and cyclists.
C) replacement of water with soft drinks.
D) globalization of markets.

Question 47

Potential problems with taxes on less nutritious foods include all of the following except

A) they may not appreciably alter food consumption patterns.
B) they might disproportionately affect low-income people, who spend a greater percentage of total income on foods.
C) they target manufacturers of food instead of consumers.
D) public opinion on the issue is divided.

Question 48

Recently,the WHO declared _____ one of the world's top ten health risks.

A) metabolic syndrome
B) central adiposity
C) overabundant leisure time
D) overweight

Question 49

Immediate steps a community nutritionist may take to reduce obesity rates include all of the following except

A) discouraging health care professionals from measuring and tracking BMI of their patients.
B) writing to state legislators or members of Congress regarding upcoming obesity-related legislation.
C) encouraging funding for walking trails and safe routes to schools.
D) implementing effective behaviorally based interventions through community-based clinics and organizations.

Question 50

The built environment could be regulated to enhance physical activity and increase access to fresh,nutritious food through _____ zoning.

A) mixed-use
B) subsidized
C) residential
D) creative

Question 51

Many of the policy initiatives related to obesity address

A) overweight pregnant women.
B) middle-aged to older adults with hypertension.
C) children rather than adults.
D) Hispanics and African American families.

Question 52

Which of the following represents the activities contributing most to energy expenditure (excluding sleep),ranked from most to least,for adults participating in the National Human Activity Pattern Survey?

A) Driving a car, office work, watching TV
B) Office work, watching TV, driving a car
C) Housework, yard work, watching TV
D) Walking, housework, driving a car

Question 53

Which of the following is not part of the "built environment?"

A) Public green spaces, including walking paths
B) After-school programming for at-risk children
C) Street layout and adequate lighting
D) Transportation options that promote physical activity

Question 54

The Food,Drug,and Cosmetic Act exempts _____ from having to disclose nutrition information to consumers.

A) candy confectioners
B) restaurants
C) commercial bakeries
D) vending machine snacks

Question 55

The _____ developed the Healthy Eating Index.

A) Food and Drug Administration
B) Federal Trade Commission
C) Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion
D) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Question 56

The first step for the community nutritionist interested in addressing the obesity epidemic is to build awareness of all the following except the

A) magnitude of the obesity problem.
B) association of obesity with chronic diseases.
C) ultimate financial costs of obesity to the taxpayer.
D) role the media plays in the portrayal of the overweight individual.

Question 57

The _____,with the USDA's division of Food,Nutrition,and Consumer Services,target(s)obesity-related programs and policies.

A) Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion
B) Food and Drug Administration
C) Food and Nutrition Service
D) a and b
E) a and c

Question 58

Which of the following environmental factors has not been linked to obesity?

A) Increased portion sizes
B) Poverty
C) Urban sprawl
D) Availability of interactive video games, such as the Wii or X-box

Question 59

Recent research indicates that breastfed babies are _____ likely to be overweight as compared with formula-fed babies.

A) more
B) less
C) equally

Question 60

Use the following case scenario to answer short answer items. As a registered dietitian, you have been asked to serve on your past high school's School Wellness Policy Committee.
What expertise would you bring to the committee?

Question 61

Use the following case scenario to answer short answer items. As a registered dietitian, you have been asked to serve on your past high school's School Wellness Policy Committee.
Of these areas of improvement,which one area would you prioritize as first and why?

Question 62

Discuss the tax-related pricing policies that have been proposed to address obesity.

Question 63

Discuss the postulated relationship between sleep duration and obesity.

Question 64

Many of the policy initiatives address children rather than adults.Why?

Question 65

Discuss the social ramifications of obesity and overweight for children.

Question 66

List 5 problems associated with obesity in children,and 5 for adults.

Question 67

Discuss how regulating the food,school,and built environments could lessen the impact and prevalence of obesity.

Question 68

Define overweight and obesity for adults.

Question 69

Use the following case scenario to answer short answer items. As a registered dietitian, you have been asked to serve on your past high school's School Wellness Policy Committee.
Reflecting back upon your years in high school,what are some areas in which health and wellness were not promoted?

Question 70

In the research,parents are reported as "gatekeepers" for children's eating and physical activity behaviors.What does this mean?

Question 71

Differentiate between the two major surveys used to obtain data on overweight and obesity.

Question 72

Discuss public health intervention strategies for the treatment of obesity and overweight among adults.

Question 73

Use the following case scenario to answer short answer items. As a registered dietitian, you have been asked to serve on your past high school's School Wellness Policy Committee.
Outline a brief plan of action to improve this identified weaker area.

Question 74

Define overweight and obesity for children.

Question 75

Based on the research using data from the USDA's CSFII,compare and contrast the energy density of foods served in fast-food and table-service restaurants to that of foods served at home.

Question 76

What is the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System?

Question 77

Why is BMI used most frequently as a measure of obesity?

Question 78

List and discuss four of the environmental risk factors for obesity and overweight.