Deck 12: Children and Adolescents: Nutrition Issues,Services,and Programs

Question 1

Adolescent males and females have the same need for iron.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The Healthy Eating Index is used as an indicator of diet quality as it provides an overall picture of the variety and quantity of foods people choose to eat.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Children's eating habits have changed little over the past 20 years.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The risk of developing type 1 diabetes is higher than that of all other severe chronic diseases of childhood.

Question 5

Children with special health care needs are at increased nutritional risk due to potential feeding problems,drug/nutrient interactions,and decreased mobility.

Question 6

More students participate in the School Breakfast Program than the National School Lunch Program.

Question 7

As children grown into teens,their diets improve.

Question 8

Nearly half of family food expenditures are spent on food and beverages outside the home.

Question 9

Iron deficiency is only common in the United States.

Question 10

The widespread practice of dieting among adolescent girls places them at risk for undernutrition.

Question 11

BMI changes with age and gender,so as children get older,BMI decreases.

Question 12

Overweight children tend to be taller and mature earlier than children who are not overweight.

Question 13

Legislation is being sought to eliminate the "reduced-price" category within the National School Lunch Program.

Question 14

Despite advances in clinical and preventive medicine,children and adolescents in the U.S.have significant nutritional concerns.

Question 15

The nutritional guidelines set forth for the School Breakfast Program are the same as those for the National School Lunch Program.

Question 16

Nearly 60 percent of overweight children have been shown to have at least one cardiovascular risk factor.

Question 17

The average number of daily servings of fruit and vegetables consumed by children still falls short of the recommendations.

Question 18

Extreme weight-loss behaviors,such as vomiting,using laxatives,or taking diet pills,are a potential cause of undernutrition in adolescent girls.

Question 19

The final review for the Healthy People 2010 initiative shows an overall trend for the worse in the data on the weight status of children.

Question 20

The primary feeding goal of a child with special needs is for the child to feed him-/herself.

Question 21

As indicated by the Healthy Eating Index,children aged 6-11 have a lower-quality diet than younger children due to which of the following reasons?

A) Decline in fruit consumption
B) Decline in sodium consumption
C) Increase in milk consumption
D) Increase in vegetable consumption

Question 22

Over the past 20 years,there has been an increase in _____ of commonly consumed foods.

A) fiber content
B) portion sizes
C) nutrient density
D) cholesterol content

Question 23

In 2010,_____ of children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years were overweight.

A) 5%
B) 11%
C) 18%
D) 21%

Question 24

Iron-deficiency anemia is associated with all of the following except

A) delayed growth.
B) impaired immune function.
C) enhanced cognitive function.
D) behavior changes.

Question 25

Children typically grow _____ inches taller per year between the age of 1 and adolescence.

A) 1-2
B) 2-3
C) 4-5
D) at least 5

Question 26

Overweight in children is defined as having a BMI

A) below the 50ᵗʰ percentile on the CDC growth chart.
B) at or above the 85ᵗʰ percentile on the CDC growth chart.
C) at or above the 95ᵗʰ percentile on the CDC growth chart.
D) BMI is not used to define overweight in children.

Question 27

Which of the following is not among the most common nutrition-related problems of children?

A) Folate deficiency
B) Iron-deficiency anemia
C) Undernutrition
D) Dental caries

Question 28

The prevalence of hunger in children is _____ times higher in single-mother households.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Question 29

_____ children ages 8 to 18 have the highest total daily media exposure.

A) African-American
B) Asian-American
C) Hispanic
D) White

Question 30

Which of the following children is most likely to be iron deficient?

A) An African-American male who plays soccer
B) A Mexican-American male living at 200% of the poverty threshold
C) A Native American female from a middle-class family
D) An African-American female living below the poverty threshold

Question 31

Improving child nutrition is the focal point of the Healthy,Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010.

Question 32

Which of the following is a clear risk factor for type 2 diabetes in children?

A) Younger than 10 years of age
B) Strong family history of hypoglycemia
C) Overweight
D) Asian ancestry

Question 33

Which of the following statements regarding the final review of the Healthy People 2010 initiative for children and adolescents is false?

A) The proportion of students in grades 9 to 12 who participated in daily physical education has increased slightly.
B) Substantial improvement was seen in schools offering low-fat choices for breakfast and lunch.
C) The prevalence of growth retardation among low-income children increased for all races combined.
D) No progress was made in reducing the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia among young children overall.

Question 34

Which of the following statements best describes,in general,the nutritional health status of U.S.children?

A) It is worse today than ever before.
B) It is better today than ever before.
C) It is the same today as it has been for a decade.
D) It is much worse today than it was a decade ago.

Question 35

Children typically gain _____ pounds per year between the age of 1 and adolescence.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7

Question 36

As children get older,participation in the National School Lunch Program _____.

A) decreases
B) increases
C) remains constant

Question 37

Childhood obesity is associated with

A) hyperinsulinemia.
B) hypertriglyceridemia.
C) high HDL-cholesterol.
D) a and b
E) b and c

Question 38

Obesity in children is defined as having a BMI

A) below the 50ᵗʰ percentile on the CDC growth chart.
B) at or above the 85ᵗʰ percentile on the CDC growth chart.
C) at or above the 95ᵗʰ percentile on the CDC growth chart.
D) The term "obese" is not used to describe weight status in children.

Question 39

Based on HEI data,dietary quality _____ from childhood to adolescence.

A) improves
B) stays the same
C) declines

Question 40

HEI scores could be increased if children consumed more

A) added sugars.
B) fruits and vegetables.
C) fruit-flavored drinks.
D) All of these

Question 41

The cost of a reduced-price breakfast,as served by the School Breakfast Program,is

A) $0.30.
B) $0.40.
C) $0.50.
D) $0.60.

Question 42

The most common chronic disease of children aged 5 to 17 years is

A) diabetes.
B) COPD.
C) hypertension.
D) dental caries.

Question 43

The Expert Panel on Blood Cholesterol Levels in Children and Adolescents of the National Cholesterol Education Program classifies a total blood cholesterol level of ≥ _____ or an LDL-cholesterol level of ≥_____ as high,when associated with a family history of hypercholesterolemia.

A) 300/150
B) 240/160
C) 200/130
D) 160/53

Question 44

What are 3 reasons for the decline in healthful eating patterns and behaviors as children and adolescents age?

Question 45

Which of the following is credited with the substantial decline in dental caries in children?

A) Decreased sugar consumption
B) Fluoridation of public drinking water
C) Educational interventions
D) Increased availability of bottled water

Question 46

Which of the following is not a goal of the 2012 nutrition standards for healthy school meals?

A) Aligning menus to met the 2010 Dietary Guidelines
B) Offering several whole milk varieties daily
C) Addressing proper portion sizes for children
D) Increasing the offering of whole-grain foods

Question 47

Which of these statements regarding the School Meals Initiative for Healthy Children is inaccurate?

A) Foodservice operators may choose from among 4 USDA menu planning systems.
B) Menus served over a week must adhere to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
C) States must perform a compliance review of school programs.
D) Menus served over a week must meet specified nutrient standards for zinc, vitamin E, and cholesterol.

Question 48

What is the Healthy Eating Index? What do the results for children indicate? Please provide examples to justify to your conclusions.

Question 49

School lunches provided as part of the National School Lunch Program must provide all of the following except

A) 1/3 of the RDA for protein.
B) 30% or less of calories from fat.
C) 15% of calories from saturated fat.
D) 1/3 of the RDA for vitamin C.

Question 50

About 90% of people with eating disorders are

A) females.
B) males.
C) African Americans.
D) college-aged.

Question 51

Positive findings of research on the impact of school meals in the 1990s included all of the following except

A) children participating in school lunch and breakfast programs consumed more fruits, vegetables, and grains than those who did not participate.
B) children who ate school lunches had higher intakes of calcium, magnesium, and zinc during lunch than children who did not.
C) children who ate school lunches received less than 15% of lunch calories from saturated fat.
D) school lunch participants drank about three times as much milk and only half as much soda as non-participants.

Question 52

The incidence of iron-deficiency anemia is _____ in the U.S.

A) declining
B) increasing
C) staying the same

Question 53

The _____ requires that every school district that participates in the NSLP have a board-approved school wellness policy in place.

A) National School Lunch Act
B) School Breakfast Act
C) Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act
D) School Meals Initiative for Healthy Children

Question 54

The prevalence of hunger in children is _____ times higher among racial and ethnic minorities.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Question 55

Schools participating in the School Breakfast Program must provide

A) meals providing one-fourth of the daily recommended level of specific nutrients.
B) free or reduced-price meals.
C) hot breakfast foods.
D) a and b
E) b and c

Question 56

The _____ mandate(s)the provision of comprehensive nutrition services to special needs children 3-5 years of age,using a community-based approach that focuses on the family.

A) American Disabilities Act
B) Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act
C) Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments
D) None of these

Question 57

Today,children are most often exposed to lead from

A) food containers.
B) gasoline.
C) lead-based paint.
D) tainted water sources.

Question 58

Discuss the progress made in reaching the Healthy People 2010 objectives for children.

Question 59

Which of the following was implemented first?

A) After School Snack Program
B) National School Lunch Program
C) School Breakfast Program
D) Summer Food Service Program for Children

Question 60

Define competitive foods.What is the impact of the sale of these foods during lunch times?

Question 61

Use the following case scenario to answer short answer items. As a part of your local community's school Wellness Policy, you have been asked to examine the School Breakfast Program.
Describe the outcomes and indicators you would select to determine whether the program meets the needs of its clients.Why did you select these particular outcomes and indicators?

Question 62

What are some factors that contribute to overweight and obesity in children?

Question 63

Use the following case scenario to answer short answer items. As a part of your local community's school Wellness Policy, you have been asked to examine the School Breakfast Program.
Describe one marketing strategy you would undertake to enhance program participation.

Question 64

Briefly state the main impetus for the initiation of the National School Lunch Program.

Question 65

Use the following case scenario to answer short answer items. As a part of your local community's school Wellness Policy, you have been asked to examine the School Breakfast Program.
Let's assume your community's School Breakfast Program is not meeting the needs of its participants or the target population.What steps would you take to correct the situation?

Question 66

Physiologically,how do overweight and obesity affect the growth and maturation of children?

Question 67

What role does the Food Distribution Program play in the NSLP?

Question 68

Discuss why undernutrition is a problem for some adolescent females in the United States.

Question 69

Use the following case scenario to answer short answer items. As a part of your local community's school Wellness Policy, you have been asked to examine the School Breakfast Program.
What might be some features that you would examine?

Question 70

List the food requirements a school breakfast must meet in order to be reimbursable by the federal government.

Question 71

Describe the components of an interdisciplinary assessment of children with special health care needs.

Question 72

Discuss three USDA nutrition assistance programs aimed at improving the health and nutritional status of children,including their purpose,types of assistance offered to clients,and eligibility requirements.

Question 73

What improvements would you recommend to enhance the ability of the National School Lunch Program to meet the nutritional needs of its participants?

Question 74

What is an "open site" as defined in the Summer Food Service Program for Children?

Question 75

What are three suggestions for building a more healthful school environment?