Deck 24: Feeding the World: Plant Structure and Growth

Question 1

What are the tiny, absorptive structures on the root cells near the root tip?

A) taproots
B) rhizomes
C) root hairs
D) root buds

Answer 1

C

Question 2

As shown here, what is a bean/bean pod actually?

A) stem
B) fruit
C) axillary bud
D) petiole

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What type of roots do monocot plants often exhibit?

A) no roots at all
B) one large taproot
C) fibrous, broadly spread roots
D) roots that extend deep into the ground

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What plant group includes almost all agricultural plants?

A) angiosperms
B) gymnosperms
C) legumes
D) dicots

Question 5

What tissue conducts water through a plant?

A) phloem
B) xylem
C) meristematic tissue
D) epidermal tissue

Question 6

How are plants that grow from a seed and produce new seeds within the course of one year classified?

A) monocots
B) dicots
C) annuals
D) perennials

Question 7

What are the embryonic leaves emerging from the seed of a plant?

A) monocots
B) dicots
C) cotyledons
D) anthers

Question 8

Which plant has seeds that are the richest in protein?

A) wheat
B) rice
C) barley
D) soybean

Question 9

Cereal grains come from which types of plants?

A) dicots
B) monocots
C) legumes
D) tubers

Question 10

What evidence was used by scientists to deduce the climate conditions that existed thousands of years ago?

A) plant remains trapped in sediments
B) fossilized fruits and seeds
C) DNA in crop plants
D) deep layers in soils

Question 11

Which structure is the growing tip of a plant stem?

A) apical meristem
B) axillary bud
C) rhizome
D) internode

Question 12

What is a tuber?

A) an enlargement of an underground stem
B) a root that's modified for nutrient storage
C) the reproductive organ of a gymnosperm
D) a modified leaf that serves as a nutrient storage structure

Question 13

When did humans begin the practice of agriculture?

A) 400,000 years ago
B) 240,000 years ago
C) 11,000 years ago
D) 2,000 years ago

Question 14

From what food source do most of the calories in a typical American diet come?

A) meat
B) cereal grains
C) legumes
D) plant leaves

Question 15

What modified plant part would include a white potato as an example?

A) stem
B) root
C) leaf
D) flower

Question 16

What types of plants are in the class known as monocots and the family Poaceae?

A) peas
B) grasses
C) palm trees
D) maple trees

Question 17

The diagram shows flowers, seeds, and fruits. All the following make up a seed EXCEPT a(n)

A) embryo.
B) food source for embryo.
C) seed coat.
D) stamen.

Question 18

What is the staple crop of Asia?

A) wheat
B) rice
C) corn
D) yams

Question 19

What are staple crops?

A) the major agricultural sources of calories in a society
B) the plants in which the gametophyte stage is dominant
C) the manioc plants eaten by people in Europe
D) the vegetative organs of grasses

Question 20

Which plant parts are the reproductive organs?

A) roots
B) stems
C) flowers
D) leaves

Question 21

For how many years did the human race rely upon hunting and gathering, with no agriculture?

A) 1,500,000 years
B) 1,000,000 years
C) 500,000 years
D) 250,000 years

Question 22

What is a leaf blade attached to a stem by a stalk-like structure?

A) internode
B) stoma
C) petiole
D) node

Question 23

In what structure is the sperm of a flowering plant contained?

A) stigma
B) carpel
C) pollen
D) spore

Question 24

What flower part is the female reproductive organ?

A) anther
B) stamen
C) carpel
D) petal

Question 25

The roots of monocots are generally ________, whereas the roots of dicots are generally ________.

A) thick taproots; thin and fibrous
B) spread out laterally; deep
C) deep; spread out laterally
D) covered in root hairs; lacking root hairs

Question 26

How do the sugars that are formed by photosynthesis in leaves travel to underground storage structures?

A) through xylem
B) through phloem
C) through meristem
D) through ground tissue

Question 27

The number of embryonic leaves, or ________, differentiates the two main classes of crop plants.

A) cotyledons
B) anthers
C) carpels
D) rhizomes

Question 28

What process resulted in domesticated plants, which make up most of today's crops?

A) biomagnification
B) artificial selection
C) advantageous evolution
D) eutrophication

Question 29

How many copies of each plant chromosome are found in the triploid cells that make up endosperm of a typical plant?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 30

What are the "eyes" of a white potato actually?

A) apical meristems
B) rhizomes
C) axillary buds
D) petioles

Question 31

Which crops are perennial plants?

A) rice
B) wheat
C) white potatoes
D) sweet potatoes

Question 32

Pollination occurs when the pollen of a flower lands on which plant structure?

Question 33

What plant group includes almost all modern crop plants?

A) gymnosperms
B) annual plants
C) dicots
D) legumes

Question 34

Through what route does pollination in corn occur?

A) wind
B) insects
C) birds
D) bats

Question 35

Which type of plant would be the most nutritionally valuable to a human?

A) a plant that has no ground tissue
B) a plant with 10% ground tissue and 90% vascular tissue
C) a plant with minimal reproductive organs
D) a plant with 90% ground tissue and 10% vascular tissue

Question 36

White wheat flour is made from the tissue within the wheat kernel that nourishes the developing wheat embryo. What is this tissue called?

A) endosperm
B) embryo
C) carpel
D) stamen

Question 37

Root hairs are extensions of what type of cells?

A) meristematic
B) vascular
C) ground
D) epidermal

Question 38

In plants, what are the mature ovaries containing seeds?

A) bulbs
B) fruits
C) tubers
D) rhizomes

Question 39

What type of plant tissue includes the starch-storing tissues, such as white potatoes?

A) xylem
B) phloem
C) meristematic tissue
D) ground tissue

Question 40

When does fertilization occur in flowering plants?

A) Pollen grains land on the anthers of the female flower parts.
B) The female carpels and male anthers are united.
C) Sperm join with eggs inside the ovules.
D) Pollen joins with eggs inside the stigma.

Question 41

What comprises the middle layer of healthy soil, between the top and base layers?

A) only recently eroded rock
B) only decomposing animal wastes
C) only dead plants, animals, and other organisms
D) a mixture of eroded rock and decaying matter

Question 42

Which of the following applications, used by farmers to control weeds, relies upon turning the soil over?

A) tilling
B) mulching
C) spraying herbicides
D) irrigation

Question 43

When the guard cells of a leaf shrink, how do the stomata change?

A) They open.
B) They close.
C) They perform photosynthesis.
D) They die.

Question 44

Which statement relates to secondary growth in plants?

A) Monocots can undergo true secondary growth to increase the width of their stems.
B) Cork, cork cambium, and vascular cambium make up the bark of a woody plant.
C) Xylem cells make up the wood of a tree, whereas phloem cells are located in the bark of a tree.
D) True secondary growth in coconut palm trees makes them woody yet incredibly flexible.

Question 45

Which of the following is a form of cultural control to minimize pest populations?

A) crop rotation
B) monoculture
C) irrigation
D) pesticide use

Question 46

As the guard cells ________, the stomata become ________.

A) swell; open
B) shrink; open
C) swell; closed
D) shrink; larger

Question 47

Plants need both macronutrients and micronutrients to grow. Which chemical is a plant micronutrient?

A) nitrogen
B) iron
C) magnesium
D) sulfur

Question 48

What type of growth does a plant exhibit when its trunk gets thicker?

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) determinate

Question 49

What plant characteristics can result from primary growth?

A) a short and bushy plant
B) a tall plant with a wide stem
C) a plant with an extensive root system
D) a plant with cork and wood

Question 50

In flowering plants, eggs are to ovules as

A) sperm are to pollen.
B) sperm are to anthers.
C) pollen is to carpels.
D) pollen is to sepals.

Question 51

Which food item would not be considered a fruit?

A) tomatoes
B) apples
C) oat grains
D) sweet potatoes

Question 52

What is the ability of a plant to continue to grow throughout its lifetime?

A) determinate growth
B) indeterminate growth
C) secondary growth
D) vernalization

Question 53

In a dicot stem, what is the ring of cells that includes the xylem?

A) apical meristem
B) vascular cambium
C) cork cambium
D) epidermal tissue

Question 54

Which tissue is part of the wood of a tree, not the bark?

A) cork
B) cork cambium
C) xylem
D) phloem

Question 55

What molecule is essentially a waste product of photosynthesis?

A) carbon dioxide
B) light
C) carbohydrates (sugars)
D) oxygen

Question 56

If a nail is pounded into the trunk of a tree, what plant structure would it encounter first?

A) phloem
B) xylem
C) cork
D) cork cambium

Question 57

To which group of plants are insect pollinators most important?

A) gymnosperms
B) angiosperms
C) mosses
D) ferns

Question 58

Modern farmers use irrigation to deliver which growth requirement to their plants?

A) light
B) water
C) nutrients
D) carbon dioxide

Question 59

Why do plants containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their roots need less nitrogen-based fertilizer than others?

A) The plants break down the bacteria as a source of nitrogen-rich nutrients.
B) The bacteria convert nitrogen in the air into a form that can be taken up by the plants.
C) The plants and bacteria work together to attract birds, which deposit nitrogen-rich droppings near the plant.
D) The bacteria kill and digest earthworms and other animals in the soil, providing excess nitrogen to the plants.

Question 60

What is the emergence of a plant embryo from a seed?

Question 61

What is the concentration of persistent toxic chemicals at higher levels within a food chain or food web?

Question 62

What evidence exists that suggests modern agriculture is unsustainable?

A) Fresh water is used for irrigating crops.
B) Large amounts of nonrenewable fossil fuels are required.
C) Fertilizers and pesticides are inexpensive and easy to obtain.
D) More food is produced than can be used.

Question 63

What is the loss of fertilizer and pesticides from soil by water moving through it?

A) the pesticide treadmill
B) biomagnification
C) soil erosion
D) runoff

Question 64

In 2005, the amount of animal waste produced by factory farms was how many times the amount of waste produced by the human population of the United States?

A) 50
B) 95
C) 100
D) 130

Question 65

What percentage of corn grown in the United States is used to feed hogs, chickens, and turkeys?

A) 10%
B) 50%
C) 80%
D) 95%

Question 66

The water in which aquifer in the central United States is apparently being depleted more rapidly than it is being replenished, thus threatening the future of farming in certain regions?

A) Ogallala
B) Texarkana
C) Legumino
D) Nebraskan

Question 67

Which technique would make agricultural practices more sustainable?

A) monoculture
B) salinization
C) integrated pest management
D) irrigation

Question 68

Plants grow taller from their growing tips, or ________. This form of growth is also known as ________ growth.

A) apical meristems; primary
B) apical meristems; secondary
C) axillary buds; primary
D) axillary buds; secondary

Question 69

What is the practice farmers use when they plant a single crop over a large area of land?

Question 70

What is the difference between organic and inorganic fertilizers?

A) Organic fertilizers are carbon-based and are made from decomposed plant and animal wastes; inorganic fertilizers lack carbon and are produced by an industrial chemical process.
B) Inorganic fertilizers are carbon-based and are made from decomposed plant and animal wastes; organic fertilizers lack carbon and are produced by an industrial chemical process.
C) Organic fertilizers are carbon-based and are produced by an industrial chemical process; inorganic fertilizers lack carbon and are made from decomposed plant and animal wastes.
D) Inorganic fertilizers are carbon-based and are produced by an industrial chemical process; organic fertilizers lack carbon and are made from decomposed plant and animal wastes.

Question 71

What are the two most "precious liquids" needed for modern agricultural practices in developed countries?

A) water and liquid fertilizer
B) water and oil
C) oil and pesticides
D) liquid fertilizer and pesticides