Deck 21: Antihypertensive Drugs

Question 1

Abnormally high activity in the renin-angiotensin system can be controlled by drugs that directly

A) block angiotensin II receptors on cardiovascular tissues
B) inhibit the production of angiotensin II
C) inhibit the production of angiotensin I
D) all the above are true
E) only A and B are true

Answer 1

all the above are true

Question 2

Alpha blockers may cause a sudden fall in blood pressure which results in a compensatory increase in heart rate.This increased heart rate is known as _______,and can be treated by administering ______ along with the alpha blocker.

A) reflex tachycardia; a diuretic
B) orthostatic hypotension; a diuretic
C) reflex tachycardia; a beta blocker
D) orthostatic hypotension; a beta blocker
E) reflex tachycardia; a beta-1 receptor agonist

Answer 2

reflex tachycardia; a beta blocker

Question 3

Patients who overdose on diuretics

A) may become hyponatremic
B) may become hypokalemic
C) may lose too much fluid from the vascular system
D) all the above are true

Answer 3

all the above are true

Question 4

Sympatholytic drugs such prazosin and doxazosin can directly decrease vascular resistance by

A) stimulating alpha-1 receptors on the arteriole
B) blocking alpha-1 receptors on the arteriole
C) stimulating alpha-2 receptors on the arteriole
D) blocking alpha-2 receptors on the arteriole
E) stimulating beta-1 receptors on the arteriole

Question 5

Presynaptic adrenergic inhibitors such as reserpine decrease activity at peripheral arterioles by impairing the release of

A) epinephrine
B) norepinephrine
C) acetylcholine
D) dopamine
E) 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)

Question 6

Abnormally high activity in the renin-angiotensin system should be controlled pharmacologically because increased production of ____ causes ____.

A) angiotensin I; cardiac arrhythmias
B) angiotensin II; vascular smooth muscle hypertrophy
C) angiotensin I; angina pectoris
D) angiotensin II; cardiac arrhythmias
E) angiotensin I; vascular smooth muscle atrophy

Question 7

A sudden severe,life-threatening increase in blood pressure (autonomic crisis)should be treated with

A) diuretics
B) alpha-1 agonists
C) alpha-2 antagonists
D) beta-agonists
E) ganglionic blockers

Question 8

Certain beta-blockers such as pindolol and acebutolol are valuable because they block the effects of excessive endogenous catecholamines while still producing a normal background level of sympathetic stimulation to the heart.These beta blockers are said to have

A) nonselective sympatholytic activity
B) intrinsic sympatholytic activity
C) intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
D) extrinsic sympatholytic activity
E) selective sympatholytic activity

Question 9

Nonselective beta blockers may produce bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma and similar respiratory disorders because nonselective beta blockers

A) stimulate beta-1 receptors on the lungs
B) block beta-1 receptors on the lungs
C) stimulate beta-2 receptors on the lungs
D) block beta-2 receptors on the lungs
E) stimulate alpha-1 receptors on the lungs

Question 10

Beta blockers are so named because they block the effects of _______ on the heart.

A) epinephrine
B) norepinephrine
C) acetylcholine
D) all the above are true
E) A and B only are true

Question 11

Systemic heat (e.g.Hubbard tank)should be avoided in patients taking ______ drugs because the combination of these two interventions will cause excessive

A) vasodilators
B) alpha-2 antagonists
C) beta-1 agonists
D) beta-2 agonists
E) all the above are true

Question 12

In addition to reducing the formation of angiotensin II,drugs that inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE inhibitors)can reduce hypertension by ____ the effects of ____.

A) increasing; bradykinin
B) decreasing; aldosterone
C) increasing; norepinephrine
D) A and B only
E) all the above

Question 13

Centrally acting sympatholytic drugs decrease blood pressure by affecting sympathetic discharge from

A) the sympathetic chain ganglia
B) the spinal cord
C) the brainstem
D) the cerebellum
E) the hypothalamus

Question 14

Diuretics ______ the excretion of water by _______ sodium reabsorption at the kidneys.

A) increase; inhibiting
B) decrease; inhibiting
C) increase; stimulating
D) decrease; stimulating

Question 15

If they stand up suddenly,patients taking antihypertensive medications may be more susceptible to a sudden ____ in blood pressure known commonly as _____.

A) decrease; orthostatic hypotension
B) increase; orthostatic hypotension
C) decrease; orthostatic hypertension
D) increase; orthostatic hypertension
E) decrease; malignant hypertension

Question 16

Calcium channel blockers can help reduce high blood pressure by

A) stimulating the sinoatrial node in the heart
B) stimulating the atrioventricular node in the heart
C) inhibiting the vasomotor control center in the brainstem
D) inhibiting vascular smooth muscle contraction
E) increasing renal sodium and water excretion

Question 17

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitors can help _____ blood pressure by _____ the formation of angiotensin II.

A) increase; increasing
B) increasing; decreasing
C) decreasing; increasing
D) decrease; decreasing
E) none of the above are true

Question 18

Beta blockers are said to be cardioselective if they bind preferentially to

A) beta-1 receptors
B) beta-2 receptors
C) beta-3 receptors
D) all the above are true

Question 19

Nitric oxide can be used to reduce vascular resistance and decrease arterial pressure in specific hypertensive syndromes because nitric oxide

A) inhibits (blocks) beta-1 receptors on the heart
B) inhibits (blocks) beta-2 receptors on the heart
C) inhibits (blocks) alpha-1 receptors on arteriole smooth muscle
D) directly inhibits the contraction of vascular smooth muscle
E) none of the above are true; nitric oxide is not useful in reducing arterial pressure