Deck 26: Respiratory Drugs

Question 1

Most common nasal decongestants act by _____ receptors in the nasal mucosa.

A) stimulating alpha-1
B) inhibiting alpha-1
C) stimulating beta-1
D) inhibiting beta-1
E) stimulating histamine

Answer 1

stimulating alpha-1

Question 2

To selectively produce bronchodilation,a drug should _____ receptors in airway smooth muscle

A) stimulate beta-1
B) inhibit beta-1
C) stimulate beta-2
D) inhibit beta-2
E) stimulate alpha-1

Answer 2

stimulate beta-2

Question 3

Which of the following drugs will promote bronchodilation?

A) drugs that stimulate acetylcholine receptors on airway smooth muscle
B) drugs that block (antagonize) beta-2 receptors on airway smooth muscle
C) xanthine derivatives such as theophylline
D) all of these drugs cause bronchodilation
E) none of these drugs cause bronchodilation

Answer 3

xanthine derivatives such as theophylline

Question 4

Treatment of bronchospasm in conditions like asthma are often treated with commercial products that combine ____ with _____.

A) an anti-inflammatory steroid; a beta-2 receptor antagonist
B) an anti-inflammatory steroid; a beta-2 receptor agonist
C) a beta-2 receptor agonist; an acetylcholine agonist
D) an acetylcholine agonist; a beta-2 receptor antagonist
E) a leukotriene blocker; a beta-2 receptor antagonist

Question 5

The primary associated problem with most traditional sedative and antihistamine medications is

A) increased coughing
B) watery eyes
C) runny nose
D) gastric ulcers
E) sedation

Question 6

Drugs that inhibit the production or effects of leukotrienes are helpful in treating bronchospastic disease because

A) leukotrienes are especially important in mediating the airway inflammation that underlies bronchoconstrictive disease
B) these drugs can be combined with other drugs (glucocorticoids, beta agonists) to provide optimal management in specific patients with asthma and COPD
C) these drugs are generally safe and well tolerated
D) all the above are true
E) none of the above are true; drugs that inhibit the production or effects of leukotrienes are not helpful in treating bronchospastic disease

Question 7

Drugs that decrease the viscosity of respiratory secretions are known commonly as _______,whereas drugs that facilitate the production and ejection of mucus are known commonly as ________.

A) expectorants; mucolytics
B) mucolytics; expectorants
C) antihistamines; bronchodilators
D) bronchodilators; antihistamines
E) antitussives; anticholinergics

Question 8

To minimize the muscle wasting,bone loss,and other serious side effects associated with anti-inflammatory steroids (glucocortocioids),it is preferred that these drugs be administered _____ to control airway inflammation in asthma and COPD.

A) orally
B) intramuscularly
C) subcutaneously
D) transcutaneosuly
E) by inhalation

Question 9

Newer "second-generation" antihistamines such as cetirizine (Zyrtec)and desloratidine (Clarinex)may be preferred to traditional antihistamines because these newer drugs

A) cross the blood brain barrier more easily than traditional drugs
B) produce less gastric irritation than traditional drugs
C) bind to more subtypes of histamine receptors (i.e., newer drugs are less selective for the H1 receptor subtype)
D) all the above are true
E) none of the above are true

Question 10

High doses and prolonged or excessive use of nasal decongestants is potentially harmful because these drugs

A) can increase heart rate
B) can increase blood pressure
C) can mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
D) all the above are true
E) none of the above are true

Question 11

Drugs that antagonize (block)the H1 subtype of histamine receptors

A) are effective in treating gastric ulcers
B) are effective in treating sedation
C) are known as antihistamines
D) all the above are true
E) A and B only are true

Question 12

Overuse of beta agonists should be avoided in people with bronchospastic disease because

A) excessive use of these drugs may cause tolerance
B) excessive use may stimulate the cardiovascular and central nervous systems
C) excessive use of these drugs may promote airway irritation, thus increasing the incidence and severity of bronchospastic attacks
D) all the above are true
E) none of the above are true

Question 13

Cromones such as cromolyn sodium and nedocromil sodium can help prevent airway irritation and bronchospasm in people with asthma by

A) inhibiting acetylcholine release from airway smooth muscle
B) stimulating histamine receptors on airway smooth muscle
C) blocking histamine receptors on airway smooth muscle
D) inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes from pulmonary mast cells
E) enhancing the release of endogenous anti-inflammatory substances such as cortisol from the adrenal cortex