Question 1

Because Alzheimer disease is associated with loss of cortical neurons that release acetylcholine,_____ may be helpful in improving cognition and memory during the early stages of this disease.&#10;A) direct cholinergic stimulants&#10;B) indirect cholinergic stimulants&#10;C) direct adrenergic stimulants&#10;D) indirect adrenergic stimulants&#10;E) there are no drugs that are useful during any stage of Alzheimer disease

Accepted Answer

Indirect cholinergic stimulants, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, can help increase the levels of acetylcholine in the brain, potentially improving cognition and memory in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 2

Indirect-acting cholinergic stimulants increase activity at cholinergic synapses by inhibiting the _______ enzyme&#10;A) monoamine oxidase type A&#10;B) monoamine oxidase type B&#10;C) acetylcholinesterase&#10;D) choline acetyltransferase&#10;E) dopa decarboxylase

Accepted Answer

Indirect-acting cholinergic stimulants inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which breaks down acetylcholine. By inhibiting this enzyme, there is an increase in the amount of acetylcholine available at the synapse, leading to increased cholinergic activity. Monoamine oxidase and dopa decarboxylase are not involved in cholinergic neurotransmission. Choline acetyltransferase is involved in the synthesis of acetylcholine, not its breakdown.

Question 3

Cholinergic antagonists can be useful in the treatment of the following conditions EXCEPT&#10;A) motion sickness&#10;B) irritable bowel syndrome&#10;C) overactive urinary bladder&#10;D) tachycardia&#10;E) Parkinson disease

Accepted Answer

Cholinergic antagonists are used to treat conditions such as motion sickness, irritable bowel syndrome, and overactive urinary bladder by blocking the action of acetylcholine on the muscarinic receptors. However, they are not effective in treating tachycardia, which is a condition related to the heart rate and not the muscarinic receptors. Cholinergic antagonists are also not used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, which results from a dopamine deficiency in the brain, not from excess acetylcholine activity.

Deck 19: Cholinergic Drugs