Deck 6: Fluid and Hemodynamic Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following is a feature of an exudate but is not typical of a transudate?

A) Accumulation of fluid in a body cavity
B) Accumulation of fluid in the alveoli of the lung
C) Accumulation of fluid in the tissue, with subsequent swelling of the tissue ("tumor")
D) Accumulation of protein in extracellular spaces
E) Accumulation of numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes in extracellular spaces

Answer 1

Accumulation of numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes in extracellular spaces

Question 2

Marantic nonbacterial or sterile thrombotic endocarditis is characterized by formation of thrombi,which are best classified as:

A) Intramural
B) Valvular
C) Arterial
D) Venous
E) Capillary

Answer 2

Valvular

Question 3

Red cheeks in a person who is blushing is an example of:

A) Hemorrhage
B) Petechiae
C) Ecchymoses
D) Active hyperemia
E) Passive hyperemia

Answer 3

Active hyperemia

Question 4

Red infarcts are typically found in the:

A) Spleen
B) Heart
C) Kidney
D) Thyroid
E) Small intestine

Question 5

Arterial hemorrhage can be differentiated from venous hemorrhage by noting that the blood is:

A) Bright red and flows in a pulsating manner
B) Dark blue and bluish-red and oozes
C) Greenish and rich in bilirubin
D) Yellow and rich in bilirubin
E) Clotting rapidly

Question 6

In decompression sickness or caisson disease,the emboli are composed of:

A) Air
B) Fat
C) Platelets
D) Fibrin
E) Plasminogen

Question 7

The proteinaceous meshwork that holds a thrombus together is composed of:

A) Collagen
B) Elastic fibers
C) Fibrin
D) Fibrinogen
E) Plasmin

Question 8

Most arterial emboli that cause cerebral infarcts originate from the:

A) Right ventricle
B) Left ventricle
C) Pulmonary artery
D) Abdominal aorta
E) Cerebral veins

Question 9

Clinically significant emboli are most often composed of:

A) Air
B) Amniotic fluid
C) Foreign particulate material
D) Fat
E) Thrombi

Question 10

Pulmonary edema is a typical complication of:

A) Right-sided heart failure
B) Left-sided heart failure
C) Pulmonary saddle embolus
D) Cor pulmonale
E) Pulmonary fibrosis

Question 11

Which organ is most affected by venous embolism?

A) Brain
B) Heart
C) Lungs
D) Liver
E) Kidneys

Question 12

Ingrowth of granulation tissue into a venous thrombus is called:

A) Conglutination
B) Sedimentation
C) Margination
D) Organization
E) Infarction

Question 13

Most venous emboli that are of clinical significance originate in the veins of the:

A) Lungs
B) Heart
C) Kidney
D) Brain
E) Lower extremities

Question 14

All of the following are examples of edema except:

A) Anasarca
B) Ascites
C) Hydrothorax
D) Hematopericardium
E) Periorbital swelling

Question 15

Oncotic edema caused by reduction of the colloid osmotic pressure of the plasma is a typical feature of chronic failure of the:

A) Heart
B) Brain
C) Lung
D) Liver
E) Thyroid

Question 16

Melena is a typical complication of:

A) Rectal ulcer
B) Gastric ulcer
C) Skin ulcer
D) Heart failure
E) Venous thrombosis

Question 17

Thrombosis can be initiated by all of the following except:

A) Inflammation
B) Endothelial cell injury
C) Stagnation of blood in varicose veins
D) Hypercoagulability of blood as a result of shock
E) Heparin

Question 18

Hemoptysis denotes bleeding from the:

A) Heart
B) Lungs
C) Stomach
D) Large intestine
E) Kidneys

Question 19

Iron deficiency anemia develops most often as a result of:

A) Hematemesis
B) Hematuria
C) Metrorrhagia
D) Hemothorax
E) Hemopericardium

Question 20

So-called heart failure cells found in sputum are caused by:

A) Right ventricular failure
B) Left ventricular failure
C) Cardiac hemorrhage
D) Aortic hemorrhage
E) Cyanosis

Question 21

Tachypnea,caused by decompensated shock,could ultimately lead to:

A) ARDS
B) Active hyperemia
C) Acidosis
D) Hematoma of the brain
E) Hypotension

Question 22

White or pale infarcts are typically found in:

A) Solid organs
B) Venous circulation
C) Arterial circulation
D) Only the brain
E) Only the heart

Question 23

Shock resulting from massive bleeding is best classified as:

A) Hypotonic
B) Hypovolemic
C) Cardiogenic
D) Neurogenic
E) Endotoxemic

Question 24

Firm fibrous scars are typically found in healed infarcts of organs,except the:

A) Heart
B) Lung
C) Spleen
D) Brain
E) Kidney

Question 25

Abscess is a complication of:

A) Septic embolism
B) Marantic endocarditis
C) Air embolism
D) Fat embolism
E) Pulmonary saddle embolism