Deck 7: The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

In the diastolic phase,the right side of the heart is filled with:

A) Peripheral venous blood
B) Pulmonary venous blood
C) Peripheral arterial blood
D) Pulmonary arterial blood
E) A mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Answer 1

Peripheral venous blood

Question 2

The most common form of arterial hypertension is considered to be:

A) Essential or idiopathic
B) Caused by kidney disease
C) Caused by adrenal cortical hyperactivity
D) Secondary to adrenal medullar tumors
E) Secondary to narrowing of the aorta

Answer 2

Essential or idiopathic

Question 3

Which of the following has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?

A) Regular exercise
B) Alcohol
C) Cigarette smoking
D) Aspirin
E) Antihypertensive drugs

Answer 3

Cigarette smoking

Question 4

Rheumatic carditis is typically preceded by:

A) Streptococcal throat infection
B) Staphylococcal skin infection
C) Gonococcal arthritis
D) Coxsackie B virus myositis
E) Influenza

Question 5

The medical term for chest pain is:

A) Infarct
B) Ischemia
C) Myocardial infarct
D) Hypertension
E) Angina pectoris

Question 6

Which of the following represent iatrogenic heart lesions?

A) Alcoholic endocarditis
B) Radiation-induced heart attacks
C) Doxorubicin-induced heart attacks
D) Digitalis toxicity
E) Precardiotomy pericarditis

Question 7

Atherosclerotic aneurysms are most often located in the:

A) Coronary arteries
B) Ascending aorta
C) Thoracic aorta
D) Abdominal aorta
E) Iliac arteries

Question 8

What is the most common congenital heart defect recognized in clinical practice?

A) Interatrial septal defect
B) Interventricular septal defect
C) Tetralogy of Fallot
D) Transposition of great vessels
E) Coarctation of the aorta

Question 9

Septal defects produce a distinct:

A) Low-pitched systolic heart murmur
B) High-pitched systolic heart murmur
C) Low-pitched diastolic heart murmur
D) High-pitched diastolic heart murmur
E) Absence of sound during the systolic phase of contraction

Question 10

The most common cause of infectious myocarditis in the United States is:

A) Toxoplasma gondii
B) Trypanosoma cruzi
C) Coxsackie B virus
D) Treponema pallidum
E) Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 11

Intermittent claudication is caused by atherosclerosis of the:

A) Carotid artery
B) Subclavian artery
C) Splenic artery
D) Renal artery
E) Popliteal artery

Question 12

Myocardial infarction is accompanied by typical biochemical changes.Elevation of which enzyme in the blood occurs first after the occlusion of a coronary artery?

A) Alanine aminotransferase
B) Aspartate aminotransferase
C) Creatine kinase
D) Lactate dehydrogenase
E) Acid phosphatase

Question 13

The most common complication of rheumatic endocarditis is:

A) Bacterial endocarditis
B) Viral endocarditis
C) Fungal myocarditis
D) Parasitic endocarditis
E) Pulmonary embolism

Question 14

Which of the following organs helps regulate arterial blood pressure?

A) Kidneys
B) Heart
C) Spleen
D) Liver
E) Brain

Question 15

Atherosclerosis of the brain arteries is the most common cause of:

A) Angina pectoris
B) Coronary vascular accidents
C) Cerebrovascular accidents
D) Hypertension
E) Myocardial infarctions

Question 16

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between a vein and artery?

A) Veins have thicker walls than arteries.
B) Venous circulation requires high pressure volume for the blood to travel back to the heart.
C) Veins have valves that hinder the backflow of blood.
D) Arteries have valves that hinder the backflow of blood.
E) Arterial circulation does not require high pressure because of the elasticity of blood vessels.

Question 17

Lymph fluid is different than blood because it contains:

A) Red blood cells and white blood cells
B) Red blood cells and clotting factors
C) Red blood cells only
D) White blood cells only
E) Clotting factors only

Question 18

The patient presents with edema in the lower extremities,ascites,dyspnea with activity,and inability to concentrate.You suspect the patient is suffering from:

A) Myocardial infarction
B) Congestive heart failure
C) Ventricular aneurysm
D) Severe hypertension
E) Angina pectoris

Question 19

Infarction of the posterior half of the interventricular septum is caused by an occlusion of the:

A) Main trunk of the left coronary artery
B) Anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery
C) Circumflex branch of the left coronary artery
D) Right coronary artery
E) Coronary sinus

Question 20

Atherosclerotic narrowing of which artery causes hypertension?

A) Middle cerebral artery
B) Anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery
C) Right coronary artery
D) Renal artery
E) Femoral artery