Deck 17: The Endocrine System

Question 1

Amenorrhea and galactorrhea are typically produced by tumors that are classified as:

A) Pituitary carcinoma
B) Somatostatinoma
C) Glucagonoma
D) Prolactinoma
E) Corticotropic adenoma

Answer 1

Prolactinoma

Question 2

The effect of hormones released into blood circulation and carried to a distant effector organ is called:

A) Neuroendocrine
B) Endocrine
C) Paracrine
D) Merocrine
E) Autocrine

Answer 2

Endocrine

Question 3

The posterior pituitary or neurohypophysis releases:

A) Gonadotropins
B) ACTH
C) Antidiuretic hormone
D) Thyrotropin
E) Prolactin

Answer 3

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 4

Graves' disease is caused by a disorder best classified as:

A) Benign tumor
B) Malignant tumor
C) Infection
D) Autoimmune disease
E) Hormonal insufficiency

Question 5

Destruction of the hypothalamus leads to atrophy of all the endocrine glands except:

A) Pituitary
B) Parathyroid
C) Thyroid
D) Adrenals
E) Ovaries

Question 6

Thyroid enlargement is most often caused by:

A) Graves' disease
B) Papillary carcinoma
C) Follicular carcinoma
D) Medullary carcinoma
E) Idiopathic goiter

Question 7

Acromegaly is typically produced by tumors of the:

A) Pituitary
B) Thyroid
C) Parathyroid
D) Adrenals
E) Testis

Question 8

Exophthalmos is a feature of:

A) Hypothyroidism
B) Graves' disease
C) Hashimoto's thyroiditis
D) Congenital thyroid aplasia
E) Iodine deficiency

Question 9

Which hormone regulates the homeostasis of potassium and sodium?

A) Calcitonin
B) Parathyroid hormone
C) Androgen
D) Aldosterone
E) Glucagon

Question 10

Which endocrine organ is located intracranially inside the sella turcica?

A) Pituitary
B) Parathyroid
C) Thyroid
D) Adrenal
E) Pancreas

Question 11

Tumors of the pituitary may secrete any of the following hormones except:

A) Growth hormone
B) Prolactin
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone
D) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
E) Cortisol

Question 12

All of the following are endocrine glands except:

A) Pituitary
B) Thyroid
C) Spleen
D) Adrenals
E) Parathyroids

Question 13

Pituitary hypofunction,which causes circulatory disturbances such as ischemia,is typical known as:

A) Cushing's syndrome
B) Sheehan's syndrome
C) Cushing's disease
D) Adrenogenital syndrome
E) Graves' disease

Question 14

Which of the following secretes epinephrine?

A) Adrenal zona glomerulosa
B) Adrenal zona fasciculata
C) Adrenal zona reticularis
D) Adrenal medullary cells
E) Adrenal cortical adenomas

Question 15

Adrenal hypofunction may be caused by all of the following except:

A) Adrenal tuberculosis
B) Bilateral primary adrenal carcinoma
C) Metastases of breast carcinoma to the adrenals
D) Autoimmune adrenalitis
E) Adrenal cortical hyperplasia

Question 16

The most common cause of hyperparathyroidism is:

A) Pituitary adenoma
B) Parathyroid adenoma
C) Parathyroid hyperplasia
D) Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
E) Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome

Question 17

The C cells of the thyroid secrete:

A) Thyroglobulin
B) Thyroxin
C) Triiodothyronine
D) Calcitonin
E) Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 18

Prolonged adrenal stimulation with ACTH results in:

A) Adrenal medullary hyperplasia
B) Adrenal cortical hyperplasia
C) Adrenal adenoma formation
D) Adrenal cortical atrophy
E) Adrenal medullary atrophy

Question 19

ACTH,which is normally produced by pituitary cells,can also be produced by cells of a(n):

A) Brain tumor
B) Adrenal tumor
C) Carcinoma of the thyroid
D) Small-cell carcinoma of the lung
E) Ovarian carcinoma

Question 20

What is the most common benign thyroid tumor?

A) Follicular adenoma
B) Follicular carcinoma
C) Anaplastic carcinoma
D) Papillary carcinoma
E) Medullary carcinoma

Question 21

Neuroblastomas have a peak incidence in which age group?

A) 1-5 years
B) 10-15 years
C) 20-25 years
D) 40-45 years
E) 60-65 years

Question 22

Secondary hyperaldosteronism is typically a complication of chronic:

A) Adrenal disease
B) Renal disease
C) Diabetes
D) Idiopathic hypertension
E) Emphysema

Question 23

Which disease causes an inability to meet the body's demands for T₃ and T₄?

A) Hyperthyroidism
B) Thyroidectomy
C) Thyroiditis
D) Congential thyroid aplasia
E) Hypothyroidsim

Question 24

The most common cause of Cushing's syndrome encountered in medical practice today is:

A) Adenoma of the pituitary
B) Adenoma of adrenal cortex
C) Adenoma of adrenal medulla
D) Carcinoma of adrenal cortex
E) Exogenous steroids administered by physicians

Question 25

Hypocalcemic tetany is most often secondary to:

A) Neck surgery
B) Autoimmune disease
C) Infectious disease
D) Benign tumors
E) Hyperparathyroidism

Question 26

Addison's disease is treated with:

A) Aspirin
B) Antihypertensive drugs
C) ACTH
D) Prolactin
E) Corticosteroids

Question 27

The most important clinical finding in patients with pheochromocytomas is:

A) Hyperglycemia
B) Hypertension
C) Hyperestrinism
D) Hypocalcemia
E) Polyuria

Question 28

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is typically caused by:

A) Hypovitaminosis A
B) Hypovitaminosis D
C) Hypovitaminosis C
D) Chronic renal disease
E) Chronic liver disease

Question 29

Nephrocalcinosis is a typical complication of adenoma of the:

A) Pituitary
B) Parathyroid
C) Thyroid
D) Adrenals
E) Testis

Question 30

What color is the adrenal adenoma typically found in Cushing's syndrome?

A) White
B) Red
C) Blue
D) Yellow
E) Black