Deck 20: Girding for War: The North and the South,1861-1865

Question 1

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Morrill Tariff Act (1861)

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Maximilian

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
martial law

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Edwin M.Stanton

Question 5

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Alabama

Question 6

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
U.S.Sanitary Commission

Question 7

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Napoleon III

Question 8

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Jefferson Davis

Question 9

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Fort Sumter

Question 10

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
"Billy Yank" and "Johnny Reb"

Question 11

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Sally Tompkins

Question 12

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Border States

Question 13

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Trent affair

Question 14

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
National Banking System

Question 15

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Charles Francis Adams

Question 16

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Clara Barton

Question 17

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Laird rams

Question 18

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
New York draft riots

Question 19

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Elizabeth Blackwell

Question 20

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
writ of habeas corpus

Question 21

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Homestead Act

Question 22

The importance of the Border States became even greater when ____ was added to their number in 1861.

A) Nevada
B) Kansas
C) Delaware
D) West Virginia
E) Tennessee

Question 23

The North's greatest strength in the Civil War was its

A) ethnic unity.
B) military leadership.
C) navy.
D) moral commitment to antislavery.
E) economy.

Question 24

During the Civil War,about _____ of the Union´s soldiers came from the loyal slave states.

A) 10,000
B) 25,000
C) 50,000
D) 100,000
E) 300,000

Question 25

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
greenbacks

Question 26

As the Civil War began,the South had the advantage of

A) more talented political leaders.
B) more talented military leaders.
C) superior industrial capabilities.
D) greater manpower.
E) a stronger navy.

Question 27

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Robert E.Lee

Question 28

During the Civil War,most of the Five Civilized Tribes in the Indian Territory of present-day Oklahoma

A) supported the Confederacy.
B) supported the Union.
C) tried to remain neutral.
D) took advantage of the opportunity to reassert their independence.
E) sought admission as a Confederate state.

Question 29

President Lincoln's approach to what to do about the situation at Fort Sumter in the first weeks of his administration can best be characterized as

A) belligerent.
B) ambiguous.
C) manipulative.
D) weak.
E) cautious.

Question 30

The greatest weakness of the South during the Civil War was its

A) military leadership.
B) navy.
C) system of slavery.
D) economy.
E) inability to conduct offensive warfare.

Question 31

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
conscription law

Question 32

President Lincoln underlined the importance of the Border States when he reportedly said that he hoped to have God on his side,but he had to have

A) Kentucky.
B) Illinois.
C) Kansas.
D) Virginia.
E) Ohio.

Question 33

Immigrants from northern Europe added to the North´s advantage in manpower,providing about _____ of the Union´s forces.

A) ten percent
B) fifteen percent
C) twenty percent
D) thirty-five percent
E) forty percent

Question 34

Lincoln's initial declaration that the North fought only to preserve the Union and not to abolish slavery

A) came as a disappointment to most northerners.
B) was designed essentially to keep the Border States in the Union.
C) was understood as politically necessary by most abolitionists.
D) contradicted the campaign promises of the Republican party.
E) cost him support in the "Butternut region" of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.

Question 35

What did President Lincoln mean when he said in his first inaugural address,"Physically speaking,we cannot separate"?

A) The costs of creating separate international borders between North and South were too high.
B) The North and South were bound together by geography without an obvious division by a mountain range or river.
C) The North and South were bound tightly together by family ties.
D) The North and South had to remain united because they were sandwiched between the great powers of Canada and Mexico.
E) The railroads connecting North and South had created too many commercial and transport ties for the regions to separate.

Question 36

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
West Virginia

Question 37

Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter when they learned that

A) Lincoln had ordered the fort reinforced with federal troops.
B) Lincoln had ordered supplies sent to the fort.
C) the Union commander was planning to evacuate his troops secretly from the fort.
D) Lincoln had called for seventy-five thousand volunteers for the Union army.
E) southern support for secession was weakening.

Question 38

Compared to Northern recruits,Southern recruits at the outset of the Civil War were generally

A) more malnourished and prone to disease.
B) more educated and better tacticians.
C) more experienced in handling horses and bearing arms.
D) more likely to be foreign-born.
E) more likely to have been industrial workers.

Question 39

In 1861,many Northerners were willing to let the Southern states leave the Union until

A) the Confederates began burning the American flag.
B) the South attacked Fort Sumter.
C) Robert E. Lee was named to head the potential new nation's army.
D) South Carolina seceded from the United States.
E) Virginia and Tennessee joined the seceding states.

Question 40

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
bounty brokers

Question 41

The Union eventually found talented high-level officers

A) by turning to the top graduates of West Point.
B) drawing on the best products of its reserve officer training program.
C) by bringing in veteran Indian-fighters from the West.
D) by promoting generals with strong political connections.
E) through a costly process of trial and error.

Question 42

As president of the Confederacy,Jefferson Davis was unable to mobilize the strong power wielded by Abraham Lincoln because

A) of the Confederacy's constitutional emphasis on states' rights.
B) he lacked an effective army and military leadership.
C) he was constantly threatened with impeachment by the Confederate Congress.
D) Davis had a humorous and easy-going personality.
E) of the constant bickering within his cabinet.

Question 43

For both the North and the South,

A) the goal of stopping raids on their merchant shipping was critical.
B) skilled diplomacy enabled them to achieve their key objectives.
C) Britain or France's diplomatic recognition of the Confederacy would have been a critical factor.
D) the intervention of Mexico or Canada on the side of their enemy would have spelled defeat.
E) it was important to adhere to the letter and spirit of international law.

Question 44

America's minister to Britain under President Lincoln during the Civil War was

A) Charles Francis Adams.
B) William H. Seward.
C) Jefferson Davis.
D) Edwin M. Stanton.
E) Clara Barton.

Question 45

Napoleon III's installation of Archduke Maximilian on the Mexican throne was a clear violation of

A) French neutrality.
B) Mexican revolutionary principles.
C) American warnings.
D) the Monroe Doctrine.
E) Pan-American treaties.

Question 46

Critics dubbed Lincoln a tyrant partly because he

A) raised taxes without Congressional authorization.
B) surrounded himself with "yes men" in his cabinet.
C) tried to bully the British over freedom of the seas.
D) suspended the writ of habeas corpus.
E) implemented a draft long before the Union army exhausted the potential supply of volunteers.

Question 47

A supposed asset for the South at the beginning of the Civil War that never materialized to its advantage was

A) effective military leadership.
B) intervention by Britain and France.
C) the fighting skill of Southern males.
D) its ability to fight on its own soil.
E) its belief that it was defending its way of life.

Question 48

During the Civil War,Britain and the United States were nearly provoked into war by

A) Charles Francis Adams's incompetence as United States ambassador to London.
B) British merchant ships' evasion of the Union naval blockade.
C) the Trent affair, involving the removal of Southern diplomats from a British ship.
D) Napoleon III's effort to place Maximilian on the Mexican throne.
E) British working class support for the South.

Question 49

The South believed that Britain would come to its aid because

A) ordinary British people would sympathize with its fight for independence.
B) British Canada was strongly hostile to the Union.
C) the British recognized the economic need for slavery.
D) the government had refused to allow Uncle Tom's Cabin to be sold within the British Empire.
E) Britain was economically dependent on Southern cotton.

Question 50

The loyal states,with a total population of around _____,gave the Union a deeper reserve of manpower than the Confederacy,whose total population was around _____.

A) 22 million; 9 million
B) 15 million; 10 million
C) 35 million; 15 million
D) 8 million; 7 million
E) 100 million; 30 million

Question 51

The Confederate navy's commerce-raiders such as the Alabama

A) were largely a nuisance to northern merchant shipping.
B) proved devastatingly effective against Union shipping.
C) depended on their ability to use French and British ports.
D) had little effect on American naval strategy.
E) operated mostly off the Atlantic coast.

Question 52

France abandoned its attempt to control Mexico

A) because the French working class opposed the effort.
B) when the British pressured them to leave.
C) when it decided not to recognize the Confederacy.
D) because the Mexicans declared independence.
E) because the United States threatened to send the victorious Union army against the French in Mexico.

Question 53

To fill the army's demand for troops,prior to 1863,the North relied mainly on

A) the draft.
B) bounty brokers.
C) foreign mercenaries.
D) volunteers.
E) the militia (National Guard).

Question 54

Lincoln's attempts to preserve the Union led him to take questionable actions as president,such as

A) promoting and demoting military commanders without Congressional approval.
B) calling for a blockade and increasing the size of the army after the attack on Fort Sumter.
C) suspending the right to trial by jury.
D) risking the loyalty of the Border States by making the abolition of slavery the Union´s aim at the outset.
E) refusing to implement a draft, or conscription law, during the war.

Question 55

In 1863,the United States passed a conscription law that

A) enabled the wealthy to buy an exemption for $300 or pay a substitute to fight for them.
B) exempted all agricultural producers.
C) required women to serve in the nursing corps or other non-combat support roles.
D) forbade free blacks from serving.
E) drew draftees equally from all classes and groups in Northern society.

Question 56

As leader of the Confederacy,Jefferson Davis

A) enjoyed widespread popularity despite the South's military struggles.
B) displayed good administrative skill and judgment.
C) was able to shape the Confederate Congress and public opinion.
D) eloquently articulated southern ideals.
E) defied public opinion, rather than allowing himself to be led by it.

Question 57

In the last major crisis between the United States and Britain during the Civil War,war was prevented when the British agreed

A) not to trade with the Confederacy.
B) to remove their warships from the St Lawrence River.
C) to end their intrigues in Mexico.
D) to cede territory in lower Canada.
E) not to sell the Laird rams to the Confederacy.

Question 58

The Union's establishment of the National Banking System

A) allowed the United States to officially abandon the gold standard for its money.
B) guaranteed that all U.S. money would be in gold or silver.
C) evolved into the third Bank of the United States.
D) served only as an emergency measure during the Civil War.
E) led to creating a standard bank-note currency.

Question 59

What was one of the factors that ultimately kept Britain from committing to the Confederate cause?

A) The anti-slavery sentiment of the working people of Britain
B) The declining fortunes of the British textile industry
C) The British focus on its important colonial ventures in Africa and Asia
D) The threat of civil war within Britain
E) The British concern that aid to the Confederacy would provoke slave revolts in the Caribbean

Question 60

Abraham Lincoln was able to overcome his political problems more readily than Jefferson Davis because he

A) headed a long-established and fully recognized government.
B) had strong political support from Britain and France.
C) enjoyed unified political support in the North.
D) whipped his Cabinet into line behind his policies.
E) had more extensive administrative experience.

Question 61

To help pay for the Civil War,both the Union and the Confederacy

A) sold public lands and other assets to European investors.
B) printed large amounts of paper currency.
C) suspended all debt payments.
D) imposed high protective tariffs.
E) imposed a national income tax.

Question 62

President Lincoln proved a more effective wartime leader than Jefferson Davis partly because

A) he was more experienced.
B) he was able to rely on a stronger pool of military leaders.
C) he was a skilled interpreter and shaper of public opinion.
D) he led an army whose recruits were more prepared at the outset.
E) he got along better with British officials.

Question 63

Compare and contrast the characteristics that "Billy Yank" and "Johnny Reb" brought to the battlefield and their wartime experiences.

Question 64

During the Civil War,women in the North

A) demanded to serve in the Union army.
B) worked on farms but not in factories.
C) were largely restricted to the clothing industry.
D) found new opportunities in industry and nursing.
E) agitated for the vote.

Question 65

At the outset of the Civil War,the South confidently anticipated that King Cotton would guarantee European intervention on behalf of the Confederacy.Why didn't this intervention materialize? How did European powers aid the South in more limited ways?

Question 66

As a result of the Civil War,the Northern economy

A) became more dependent on international trade.
B) saw industrial profits improve but agricultural profits fall.
C) was notable for its honest and fair business practices.
D) experienced considerable unemployment despite military manpower demands.
E) greatly expanded its industrial and technological productivity.

Question 67

At the outset of the Civil War,which side seemed more likely to win? Is it more accurate to say that Union's strengths won the war,or that Confederate weaknesses caused it to lose? Give evidence of each side's strengths and weaknesses to back up your answer.

Question 68

In what ways did President Lincoln exceed his constitutional authority during the Civil War? Were his actions justified?

Question 69

Along with providing nursing and medical support services during the war,the U.S.Sanitary Commission

A) helped many women acquire organizational skills and self-confidence that they would use in the postwar women´s rights movement.
B) helped garner public respect for the medical profession.
C) provided medical training to a large number of African Americans.
D) enabled many women to serve as spies while nursing.
E) made major breakthroughs in germ theory and the prevention of deaths due to infection.

Question 70

The Border slave states that remained loyal to the Union included

A) Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee.
B) Missouri, Maryland, and Indiana.
C) Maryland, Illinois, and Kentucky.
D) Kentucky, Missouri, and Maryland.
E) Delaware, Maryland, and Arkansas.

Question 71

In what ways was the economic and social impact of the war similar in both North and South,and it what ways was it different?

Question 72

Like the North during the Civil War,the South

A) exempted the wealthy from military service.
B) experienced draft riots.
C) found volunteer enlistments woefully inadequate to meet manpower needs.
D) drafted women into non-combat military service.
E) used black soldiers.

Question 73

It has been said that the South's devotion to states' rights was a major reason for its failure to win the Civil War.Do you agree? Why or why not?

Question 74

In the deadly ____ of 1863,working-class,antiblack protesters rampaged against conscription,especially the exemptions afforded to the wealthy.

A) Philadelphia draft march
B) New York draft riots
C) Richmond bread riot
D) Rising of the Irish
E) mock Lincoln impeachment trial

Question 75

Northern advantages at the outset of the Civil War included

A) strong morale based on the aims of self-determination and self-preservation.
B) more banks, factories, railroads, and people.
C) an experienced president.
D) a young male population prepared for military service.
E) better military leadership.

Question 76

Explain the significance of the Border States to both the North and the South.How did they influence the shaping of Union strategy?

Question 77

The authors argue that diplomacy "has seldom been so critical as during the Civil War." What role did diplomacy play in the Civil War and why was it so important?

Question 78

When confronted with Southern secession in 1861,why didn't Lincoln simply allow the South to separate in peace? If he had,might those states have later returned peacefully? Did Lincoln's actions prompt greater unity among southern states and,in turn,more secessions?

Question 79

Wartime inflation hit the _____ much harder,rising to as much as _____.

A) Confederacy; 150 percent
B) Union; 700 percent
C) Confederacy; 1,000 percent
D) Union; 5,000 percent
E) Confederacy; 9,000 percent

Question 80

"King Cotton" failed the South as a tool of wartime diplomacy partly because

A) Britain held large surpluses of cotton when the war began.
B) the British elite had long resented the aristocratic pretensions of southern planters.
C) poor harvests over the late 1850s and early 1860s drastically reduced the South´s cotton production.
D) Britain developed alternative supplies of cotton in South Africa and Australia.
E) the cotton crop was devastated by the boll weevil.