Deck 22: The Ordeal of Reconstruction,1865-1877

Question 1

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
William Seward

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Andrew Johnson

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Black Codes

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Question 5

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Wade-Davis Bill (1864)

Question 6

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
"10 percent" Reconstruction Plan

Question 7

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Hiram Revels

Question 8

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Susan B.Anthony

Question 9

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
sharecropper farmers

Question 10

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Fourteenth Amendment

Question 11

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Thaddeus Stevens

Question 12

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Freedmen's Bureau

Question 13

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Charles Sumner

Question 14

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
General Oliver O.Howard

Question 15

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Civil Rights Bill

Question 16

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Pacific Railroad Act

Question 17

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Blanche K.Bruce

Question 18

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Alexander Stephens

Question 19

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Reconstruction Act

Question 20

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Edwin M.Stanton

Question 21

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Union League

Question 22

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Fifteenth Amendment

Question 23

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
pocket veto

Question 24

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
American Missionary Association

Question 25

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
"Black Reconstruction"

Question 26

The fate of the Confederate leaders after 1865 was that

A) most were jailed for an extended period of time.
B) Davis and Lee received life sentences and others were pardoned.
C) all were pardoned by December 1868.
D) none was ever allowed to hold political office again.
E) the majority went into exile in Brazil.

Question 27

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
the "lost cause"

Question 28

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
"Andy Veto"

Question 29

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
African Methodist Episcopal (AME)Church

Question 30

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
"Redeemer" regimes

Question 31

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Seward's Folly

Question 32

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Tenure of Office Act

Question 33

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Ex parte Milligan (1866)

Question 34

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Force Acts

Question 35

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Ku Klux Klan

Question 36

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Thirteenth Amendment

Question 37

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
scalawags

Question 38

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
carpetbaggers

Question 39

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
"solid" Democratic South

Question 40

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
mutual aid societies

Question 41

In the postwar South

A) the economy and social structure were utterly devastated.
B) there was a turn from agriculture to industry.
C) northern investors were eager to develop the region.
D) there was a trained labor force ready to work.
E) poorer whites benefited from the end of plantation slavery.

Question 42

In the years following emancipation,black churches

A) shrank as a new era of interracial worship emerged.
B) were careful to remain as invisible as possible to white authorities.
C) were recipients of considerable support from Northern white denominations.
D) tried to foster a back-to-Africa movement among ex-slaves.
E) grew rapidly and formed bedrock of black community life.

Question 43

President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction

A) was considerably harsher than Lincoln's.
B) guaranteed former slaves the right to vote.
C) required that all former Confederate states ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.
D) offered a large role to poor and working-class whites.
E) encouraged new Southern regimes that were dominated by the old planter elite.

Question 44

Freedom for Southern blacks at the end of the Civil War

A) was officially recognized by the Fifteenth Amendment.
B) led large numbers to move to the big cities in the North.
C) came haltingly and unevenly in different parts of the conquered Confederacy.
D) caused the widespread scattering of black families.
E) was a source of considerable anxiety.

Question 45

For congressional Republicans,the most alarming aspect of the Southern states' swift restoration to the Union was that

A) the South would be stronger than ever in national politics.
B) inexperienced Southern politicians would be elected.
C) the South might not elect blacks to Congress.
D) they would be forced to withdraw the Union Army from the South.
E) slavery might be re-established.

Question 46

The controversy surrounding the Wade-Davis Bill and the readmission of the Confederate states to the Union demonstrated

A) that there were deep differences between President Lincoln and Congress.
B) the close ties that were developing between President Lincoln and the Democrats.
C) President Lincoln's desire for a harsh reconstruction plan.
D) that a Congressional majority believed that the South had never legally left the Union.
E) the Republicans' fear of re-admitting Confederate leaders to Congress.

Question 47

For former slaveowners,defeat in the Civil War brought

A) the loss of land throughout the South to confiscation by the federal government.
B) widespread belief that God had judged their way of life harshly.
C) broad interest in schemes to relocate to the Caribbean and reestablish plantation slavery there.
D) a sudden commitment to industrializing.
E) the loss of $2 billion of investments in slaves.

Question 48

In his "10 percent plan" for Reconstruction,President Lincoln promised

A) rapid readmission of Southern states into the Union.
B) former slaves the right to vote.
C) 10 percent of white Southern property would be confiscated.
D) severe punishment for Southern political and military leaders.
E) a law allowing 10 percent of blacks to vote.

Question 49

____ believed that the southern states had completely left the Union and were therefore "conquered provinces" that had to seek readmission on whatever terms Congress demanded.

A) The War Democrats
B) The Supreme Court
C) President Lincoln
D) President Johnson
E) Congressional Republicans

Question 50

In 1865,newly emancipated slaves

A) began enlisting in the Union Army in droves.
B) heeded the colonization movement's call and departed for Africa in large numbers.
C) uniformly turned in anger and revenge against their former masters.
D) often began traveling from the South to test their freedom, search for family members, and seek economic opportunity.
E) looked to the federal government for help.

Question 51

The main purpose of the Black Codes was to

A) guarantee freedom for ex-slaves.
B) create a stable and subservient labor force.
C) allow blacks legally to register their marriages.
D) prevent blacks from becoming sharecroppers.
E) create a system of justice for ex-slaves.

Question 52

From 1878 to 1880,some twenty-five thousand blacks from Louisiana,Texas,and Mississippi

A) moved North to work in industry.
B) immigrated to Africa.
C) migrated to the Caribbean.
D) moved into Kansas and formed communities there.
E) joined the Union Army to fight Plains Indians in the West.

Question 53

In the debates over Lincoln´s "10 percent" plan and the Wade-Davis Bill,the Republicans began to split into ____ factions.

A) pro-Lincoln and pro-Johnson
B) moderate and radical
C) pro-black and anti-black
D) reactionary and centrist
E) "10 percent" and "50 percent"

Question 54

To many Northerners,the Black Codes seemed to indicate that

A) the rights of blacks were being protected.
B) the transition to black freedom would be difficult.
C) the Civil War had been worth the sacrifice.
D) presidential Reconstruction was working.
E) possibly the North had not really won the Civil War.

Question 55

For ex-slaves,the Black Codes

A) drove them to leave the South in huge numbers.
B) meant a welcome system of employment.
C) provided much needed education.
D) represented a new start.
E) imposed terrible burdens of mistreatment and poverty.

Question 56

The Black Codes provided for

A) mandatory jury service by blacks.
B) remedial education for ex-slaves.
C) bans on renting or leasing of land to blacks.
D) a minimum wage for agricultural laborers.
E) incentives for blacks who completed labor contracts satisfactorily.

Question 57

The white South viewed the Freedmen's Bureau as

A) a meddlesome federal agency that threatened to upset white racial dominance.
B) an agency acceptable only because it also helped poor whites.
C) a valued partner in rebuilding the South.
D) a political arm of the Republican party.
E) a threat to state social service agencies.

Question 58

The greatest achievements of the Freedmen's Bureau were in

A) providing "forty acres and a mule" to freed blacks.
B) education.
C) provisioning food and clothing to needy blacks.
D) helping people to find employment.
E) securing black civil rights.

Question 59

As a politician,Andrew Johnson had developed a reputation as

A) a supporter of the planter aristocrats.
B) an opponent of slavery.
C) an advocate of social reform.
D) a champion of the poor whites.
E) a secret Confederate sympathizer.

Question 60

For African Americans,emancipation meant

A) the ability to legalize "slave marriages."
B) the right to claim forty acres and a mule from their former masters' land.
C) the opportunity to take over the white churches they had been forced to attend.
D) the right to sue their former masters for back wages.
E) the right to form political parties.

Question 61

The immediate cause of Congress's impeachment of President Johnson and attempt to remove him from office was his

A) highly partisan "swing around the circle" in 1866.
B) quick readmission of Southern states to the Union in 1866.
C) dismissal of Secretary of War Stanton in 1867.
D) purchase of Alaska without congressional approval.
E) veto of the Freedmen's Bureau bill.

Question 62

Political corruption during Reconstruction was

A) confined to the South.
B) located in the North.
C) present in both North and South.
D) present in all Southern states except South Carolina and Louisiana.
E) almost entirely conducted by blacks.

Question 63

The Radical Reconstruction state governments

A) were dominated by African Americans.
B) passed much desirable legislation and badly needed reforms.
C) were more corrupt than Northern state governments.
D) had all of their reforms repealed by the all-white "redeemer governments."
E) failed to address the issue of education.

Question 64

In post-emancipation black communities,the Union League served several vital functions,including

A) educating blacks in their civic duties and campaigning for Republican candidates.
B) organizing cooperative farming schemes as an alternative to sharecropping.
C) helping blacks migrate from the South to the North.
D) helping ex-slaves claim their land grants of forty acres.
E) promoting women's suffrage.

Question 65

What name was given to Northerners who came south during Reconstruction to participate in the region's modernization?

A) Scalawags
B) Klansmen
C) Carpetbaggers
D) Redeemers
E) Union Leaguers

Question 66

Despite opposition and ridicule,Secretary of State Seward was able to persuade Congress to purchase Alaska partly because

A) it was suspected that there were large oil deposits there.
B) it would provide a strategic barrier against Japanese expansion.
C) Russia had been the European power most friendly to the Union during the Civil War.
D) Alaskan gold could help to stabilize the American financial system.
E) there was fear that the new Dominion of Canada would seize the Russian colony.

Question 67

Johnson was narrowly acquitted on the impeachment charges because

A) Secretary of War Edwin Stanton aided Johnson's defense by spying on congressional prosecutors.
B) radical Republicans recognized that Johnson's successor would be worse.
C) many people feared destabilizing the federal government.
D) it was finally recognized that the charges were dubious and political.
E) Johnson promised to stop obstructing Republican policies.

Question 68

Many feminist leaders were deeply disappointed with the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments because

A) they gave black women but not white women the right to vote.
B) they failed to give women the right to serve on juries.
C) contained restrictions on ex-Confederates but not on male supremacists.
D) failed to define what constituted equal national citizenship.
E) they gave equal rights to African American males but not to women.

Question 69

The Fourteenth Amendment

A) required former Confederate states to pay their war debts.
B) prohibited ex-Confederate leaders from holding public office.
C) guaranteed freed slaves the right to vote.
D) achieved all the goals of the radical Republicans.
E) made women as well as blacks U.S. citizens.

Question 70

Johnson's veto of the Civil Rights Bill of 1866 prompted Congress to seek passage of

A) the Thirteenth Amendment.
B) an extension of the Freedmen's Bureau.
C) an act to overturn the Black Codes.
D) the Fourteenth Amendment.
E) the articles of impeachment against Johnson.

Question 71

Both moderate and radical Republicans agreed that

A) federal power must be used to bring about a social and economic revolution in the South.
B) blacks should be the foundation of a new allied political party in the South.
C) the federal government must become involved in the individual lives of American citizens.
D) Southern states should quickly be readmitted into the Union.
E) freed slaves must be granted the right to vote.

Question 72

The last of the Reconstruction-era federal amendments to pass was the ____ Amendment.

A) Twelfth
B) Thirteenth
C) Fourteenth
D) Fifteenth
E) Eighteenth

Question 73

The goals of the Ku Klux Klan included

A) keeping blacks "in their place"──that is, subservient to whites.
B) preventing blacks from having their own churches.
C) keeping white "carpetbaggers" from returning to the North.
D) enforcing the Force Acts of 1870 and 1871.
E) relocating ex-slaves to western territories.

Question 74

The fundamental issue at stake between Congress and President Andrew Johnson was

A) Johnson's style of campaigning.
B) Johnson's sympathy with poor white Southerners.
C) whether the southern states would have to make substantial changes before being readmitted to the Union.
D) Johnson's lack of interest in educating and uplifting former slaves.
E) whether ex-Confederates could be elected to Congress.

Question 75

During Reconstruction,African American women

A) were active publicly only in black church life.
B) tried to persuade their male kin to avoid the corruption of party politics.
C) became so active in politics that the only role left to men was as voters.
D) assumed a range of new political roles.
E) voted in large numbers.

Question 76

The Reconstruction Act of 1867

A) stopped short of forcing the former Confederate states to enfranchise ex-slaves.
B) divided the South into five military districts under the supervision of northern troops.
C) was Johnson's last successful attempt to control the process of reconstructing the South.
D) focused on the economic rebuilding of the South.
E) was quickly declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in Ex parte Milligan.

Question 77

"Scalawags" were

A) pro-Union Southerners accused of exploiting the South in collusion with Republican state governments.
B) violent pro-Confederate extremists who terrorized Republicans and ex-slaves.
C) Northerners accused of coming to the South to exploit the region's postwar suffering for personal gain.
D) ex-slaves who supported the Democratic Party's restoration.
E) Union soldiers accused of growing too friendly with Southerners during the Reconstruction military occupation.

Question 78

In the 1866 congressional elections,the main issue was

A) how many voters approved of the Thirteenth Amendment.
B) whether radicals would replace moderates as the dominant faction in Congress.
C) whether Reconstruction would proceed with or without the Fourteenth Amendment.
D) how much progress ex-slaves had made with their new rights.
E) whether the Homestead Act should be repealed.

Question 79

The Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed

A) citizenship and civil rights to freed slaves.
B) land for former slaves.
C) freedom to slaves.
D) freed slaves the right to vote.
E) education to former slaves.

Question 80

After Reconstruction,the culture,society,and politics of the Old South

A) had been cast aside completely as a modern, industrial "New South" emerged.
B) were transplanted to the West as the planter aristocracy looked to reestablish itself.
C) had been thoroughly reconstructed both socially and politically.
D) were discarded in favor of a new experiment in bi-racial democracy and strong central government.
E) were more resurrected than reconstructed.