Deck 9: The Kingdoms of Western Europe,500-1000

Question 1

The Byzantines were expelled from northern Italy by which group?

A) the Visigoths
B) the Ostrogoths
C) the Franks
D) the Lombards
E) the Fruili

Answer 1

the Lombards

Question 2

Economic self-sufficiency in western Europe resulted in

A) less reliance on gold coins.
B) use of a barter system.
C) less importation of luxury goods from Constantinople.
D) specialized local production of goods.
E) All of these.

Answer 2

All of these.

Question 3

A dividing issue between the Eastern and Western churches was

A) bishops taking on more secular authority.
B) the use of icons in worship.
C) lack of compliance with the mandates of the Council of Nicaea.
D) how much authority the pope should have.
E) whether the bishop of Rome was really St. Peter.

Answer 3

how much authority the pope should have.

Question 4

Official teachings of the church were known as

A) dogma.
B) theology.
C) liturgy.
D) catechism.
E) canon law.

Question 5

The Visigothic kings of Spain converted to Roman Christianity because

A) they were rejected as pagans by the Christian population.
B) they wanted a unified bond to push against the Ummayad peoples.
C) people resented their adherence to Arian Christianity, questioning their legitimacy.
D) they wanted to join the larger network of Christians across Europe.
E) Spain had many centers of learning in monasteries, which the Visigoths wanted to access.

Question 6

The main thing that seemed to slow down the wars for power in the sixth and seventh centuries was

A) the designation of a church official to crown the next ruler.
B) the negotiation among all the potential candidates for collective rule.
C) the designation of a castle or town as the focal point for rule.
D) the treaty agreeing to specific titles in specific areas.
E) none of these; nothing slowed down warfare in that period.

Question 7

A more accurate characterization of the Merovingian kings would be

A) absolute authorities.
B) imperial leaders.
C) warrior chieftains.
D) puppet rulers.
E) vassals of the Byzantines.

Question 8

One of the major problems contributing to warfare in Merovingian Gaul was that

A) all property was divided equally among descendants, instigating fights for power.
B) all branches of the family were entitled to form their own dynasty.
C) there was much intermarriage between clans, and property lines became blurred.
D) they were on the border with the Vandals.
E) all property went to the oldest son, instigating attempts on his life by his brothers.

Question 9

In addition to spiritual matters,bishops in Western Europe also did all of the following except

A) became effective rulers for local populations.
B) acted as advisors to kings.
C) were caretakers of early modern society.
D) established courts of justice.
E) became vassals of local secular lords.

Question 10

A bishop's authority rested mainly on

A) how many converts he brought to Christianity.
B) how much land and wealth he held.
C) an aura of holiness.
D) how large a diocese he commanded.
E) recognition by the pope.

Question 11

The Synod of Whitby in 664 concluded that

A) Arianism was heretical.
B) Christianity, rather than paganism, would be the official religion in England.
C) missionary workers were under the jurisdiction of the local king.
D) there was an agreed-upon date for Easter.
E) political marriages were an effective way to network Christianity among rulers.

Question 12

Among the sources of income that bolstered a bishop's authority were

A) land ownership.
B) tithes.
C) commemorative masses
D) gifts from royal patrons.
E) All of these.

Question 13

The monastery of Luxeuil,founded by Columbanus,was significant for being

A) a spiritual sanctuary for women.
B) the seat of the Archbishop of Paris.
C) the location of the Papacy.
D) a renowned center of learning.
E) a target for Viking raids.

Question 14

The leader of missionaries in Britain,who converted king Aethelbert and became Archbishop of Canterbury,was

A) Patrick.
B) Gregory.
C) Augustine.
D) Jerome.
E) Columba.

Question 15

A significant conflict between bishops and secular authorities was

A) how much wealth bishops were accruing.
B) the right of kings to make ecclesiastic appointments.
C) the jurisdiction of taxation by churchmen.
D) who had authority over peasants on monastic estates.
E) whether bishops had the right to make territorial alliances.

Question 16

After the Roman emperor Romulus Augustulus was deposed,the

A) emphasis in western Europe was on local rule.
B) gothic tribes formed a political alliance.
C) former provinces of the Roman Empire were run by legion commanders.
D) infrastructure was lost.
E) church stepped in to rule instead of the imperial senate.

Question 17

The goal of the Frankish kings was to

A) adopt a Roman model of rule.
B) create a new empire.
C) conquer the Goths.
D) increase their own land and wealth.
E) convert all pagan tribes to Christianity.

Question 18

What was the first area to rebound from the declining economy?

A) port cities that could trade with Muslim countries
B) the Frankish kingdoms
C) Britain
D) monasteries
E) isolated rural areas not involved in secular warfare

Question 19

The spread of Christianity from Rome in the sixth and seventh centuries was done mainly by

A) monasticism.
B) missionaries.
C) diplomatic missions from Rome.
D) forced conversion.
E) political consensus.

Question 20

What led to the decline of cities in the seventh and eighth centuries?

A) fear of attack
B) less trade being conducted
C) no centralized government
D) lack of strong public authority
E) All of these.

Question 21

The Donation of Constantine was

A) when Constantine donated the Papal States to the bishopric of Rome.
B) a statement that Constantine allegedly made, empowering the pope to rule over both church and state in the West.
C) a forged document that transferred authority from Constantine to Silvester in the fourth century.
D) a promise by Constantine to maintain the most magnificent cathedral in Christendom in Constantinople.
E) a promise of land to all the church dioceses to make all of them equal under the law.

Question 22

Which of the following was not a method used by Alcuin of York to promote cultural reform?

A) establishment of palace schools
B) renewing the Seven Liberal Arts
C) eliminating mistakes from the Vulgate
D) making the liturgy conform to Roman mass
E) allowing vernacular language to be used in copying texts

Question 23

The Merovingian kings had become so politically insignificant by the early eighth century that

A) They had to bribe people to serve in their army.
B) They would use civil wars to fight for the title.
C) The most successful warrior would earn the title based on his combat skills.
D) Noble families would choose from among the pool of candidates in the dynasty.
E) The Frankish kingdoms fragmented and held no political order.

Question 24

Which was not a source of revenue for monasteries around 1000?

A) animal husbandry
B) agriculture
C) milling
D) mining
E) long-distance trade

Question 25

Women's monasteries,or convents,

A) were often poor because they could not attract wealthy donations for commemorative masses.
B) provided a place for widowed noblewomen to find seclusion.
C) were often joined with men's monasteries for sharing of resources.
D) allowed some women to take positions of power.
E) All of these.

Question 26

What was the intention of the Rule of Saint Benedict?

A) To emphasize physical labor, which would emulate the early desert fathers.
B) To give structure to the day of a monk.
C) To require loyalty and submission to the pope of all monks.
D) To establish a hierarchy within monasticism regarding social ranking.
E) To provide a manual on how to perform liturgical rites.

Question 27

Kings in the Middle Ages spent the majority of their time on

A) Christianization.
B) governing and administration.
C) war.
D) subordinating their vassals.
E) increasing trade.

Question 28

What was the name of the battle lead by Charles Martel to expel the Muslims from Frankish lands?

A) Battle of Poitiers
B) Battle of Abd-ar-Rahman
C) Battle of Cordoba
D) Battle of Tours
E) Battle of Aachen

Question 29

Pope Leo III's crowning of Charlemagne on December 25,800,was problematic because

A) it implied that the pope had more power than the emperor.
B) Charlemagne did not want to confuse the title of emperor with Holy Roman Emperor, but wanted it to remain secular.
C) it initiated war with the Byzantine emperor who objected.
D) the patriarch of Constantinople excommunicated Leo for overstepping his authority.
E) it meant that all people under Charlemagne's rule had to become Roman Christians, rather than Arian Christians.

Question 30

To ensure the smooth transition of authority after him,Charlemagne employed what means of succession?

A) He had his only surviving son crown himself as co-emperor.
B) He wrote an explicit cartulary that designated his heir and second choice.
C) He authored the Treaty of Verdun.
D) He divided his territory among his sons but bestowed the title of Holy Roman Emperor on the oldest son.
E) He allowed the pope to choose the next successor.

Question 31

Charles Martel,the mayor of the palace,became the most powerful administrator in the kingdom of the Franks.He started as mayor to the king of which province?

A) Neustria
B) Lombardy
C) Austrasia
D) Burgundy
E) Lyon

Question 32

In England,the monk Bede was notable for his studies,including

A) manuscript illustration.
B) philosophy.
C) a history of England.
D) observations about astronomy.
E) readings and commentaries about Plato.

Question 33

Carolingian kings and emperors justified their rule by

A) ministering to a Christian society.
B) attacking Spain to expel the Muslims.
C) attempting to reunify the Eastern and Western churches.
D) launching a campaign to rebuild the entire Roman Empire.
E) claiming divine authority.

Question 34

All of the following made it possible for Charlemagne to create himself as an emperor except

A) taking over the Kingdom of the Lombards.
B) launching an assault to overthrow the Empress Irene in Constantinople.
C) the Carolingian dynasty transformed the idea of kingship in the West.
D) styling the Carolingian king as defender of the Church.
E) the diminished splendor and military.

Question 35

The land received by a vassal in exchange for military service to a lord was known as a

A) kingdom
B) fief
C) benefice
D) solarium
E) demesne

Question 36

To manage his new empire,Charlemagne employed all of the following tactics of administration except

A) using missi dominici to inspect his kingdom.
B) using counts given large land grants to do local administrative and military service in his name.
C) centering his court in Aachen.
D) encouraging the growth of literacy to enforce his authority.
E) requiring local churchmen to announce and enforce his decrees.

Question 37

What was one of the benefits of a cloistered life including the Divine Office?

A) Monasteries were repositories of classical literature.
B) It presented the opportunity to memorize the Bible for services.
C) There was the opportunity to take vows of silence.
D) Attraction of patrons wanting commemorative masses
E) Being called upon to render judgements based on Biblical knowledge.

Question 38

What was a significant problem within the Frankish kingdoms in ensuring political stability?

A) The king not naming a successor.
B) The expectation of proving one's military prowess to earn the title.
C) Obtaining a consensus of the noble families for who should lead.
D) Equally dividing up the territory among all sons.
E) Exclusion of daughters from the lines of inheritance.

Question 39

In cementing his authority as king,Pepin gained the endorsement of whom?

A) the Frankish noble families
B) Pope Zacharias
C) his vassals
D) the Byzantine Empress Irene
E) King Alfred of England

Question 40

The first Carolingian king of all Franks was

A) Clovis.
B) Charles Martel.
C) Pepin.
D) Carolus Magnus.
E) Albertus.

Question 41

What factors contributed to Charlemagne being able to call himself an emperor of all peoples?

Question 42

What was the difference between a serf and a peasant on a medieval manor?

Question 43

Serfs paid their rent primarily

A) with labor.
B) with cash.
C) with goods, or kind.
D) by putting their children into the workforce.
E) None of these.

Question 44

Why were the Vikings so problematic for western Europe?

Question 45

Analyze the role of monasteries in the early Middle Ages.What role did they play in both religious and secular society?

Question 46

How was trade and commerce different in the Early Middle Ages than during the Roman Empire?

Question 47

What criteria allowed bishops to become so powerful? What were their areas of authority and related duties?

Question 48

The highest ranked person in the peasant hierarchy was the

A) miller.
B) blacksmith.
C) serf.
D) plowman.
E) bailiff.

Question 49

The primary target of acquisition by the Vikings was

A) populations for slave trade.
B) monasteries.
C) land for farming.
D) cities in the Frankish kingdoms for ransom.
E) Constantinople for trade.

Question 50

How did Otto I effectively centralize his authority and solidify his empire?

Question 51

The best depiction of Viking life is transmitted to us from

A) sagas.
B) monastic records.
C) histories or chronicles of the administrators in the empire.
D) runes.
E) None of these.

Question 52

Explain the system of feudalism and its obligations of social reciprocity.

Question 53

What eventually stopped the Magyars from coming further into Europe?

A) They were defeated by Otto I from the Eastern Empire.
B) They were coerced into the Byzantine army and defeated by the Turks.
C) They settled down and began farming around the Danube.
D) They were assimilated by the Huns.
E) They were captured by the Bulgars.

Question 54

The Magyars settled in which area?

A) Eastern England
B) Kievan Rus
C) Southeastern Europe
D) Northern France
E) Sicily

Question 55

Otto I met the greatest resistance and rebellion from

A) the church.
B) his brother Henry and his sons.
C) pagans who did not want to convert.
D) the Bulgars on his eastern flank.
E) the Franks, who resisted his claim to being Holy Roman Emperor.

Question 56

In the course of their exploration and raids,the Vikings went to all of the following areas except

A) Iceland.
B) Russia.
C) England.
D) America.
E) India.

Question 57

Otto secured his power as emperor by

A) protecting the pope from attack.
B) making bishops into dukes.
C) centralizing his power and making it superior to the church.
D) forcing his conquered territories to convert to Christianity.
E) All of these.

Question 58

Explain the significance of the Treaty of Verdun.

Question 59

The revitalization of education in Charlemagne's era is attributed largely to Alcuin of York.What were his main accomplishments?

Question 60

Why did Emperor Otto I not succeed in Christianizing the Slavs and Danes?

A) He died before he could launch that campaign.
B) He had extreme difficulty centralizing his own territory and nobility.
C) He was blocked by the Magyars.
D) He thought they were too barbaric.
E) The pope commanded him not to.

Question 61

The king,his vassals and nobility all depended on the labor of the peasantry for material welfare.

Question 62

Saracen/Muslim attacks around the Mediterranean from their base in Spain had no effect on maritime trade.

Question 63

The financial payment to place a noble woman in a convent was usually equivalent to what would be paid as a dowry for marriage.

Question 64

In his capital at Aachen,Charlemagne created a center of learning and sophistication.

Question 65

What role did religious missionaries play in establishing a sense of cultural commonality in Western Europe in the early Middle Ages?

Question 66

Epics like Beowulf kept the Vikings' reputation for brutality alive long after they had ceased raiding.

Question 67

What commonalities did "successful" cities share that allowed them to survive the economic shifts during this period?

Question 68

Pepin unseated the Merovingian ruler and had Pope Zacharias consecrate him as king.

Question 69

By the terms of the Treaty of Verdun,Charles the Bald and Louis the German excluded their brother Lothar from receiving any of Charlemagne's territory.

Question 70

The proximity of holy relics to the seat of a Bishop in the Cathedral was intended to instill obedience to the Bishop within that diocese.

Question 71

There were significantly fewer markets and long distance trade in the early Middle Ages.

Question 72

The Divine Office was a term for the religious aspirations held by a person entering a monastery.