Deck 13: Europe’s Age of Expansion, 1450–1550

Question 1

What did nobles find objectionable about the marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon?

A) They demanded Catholicism be the only religion in Spain.
B) Their marriage unified Spain as a country.
C) They insisted on absolute rule.
D) Nobility was excluded from a direct role in government.
E) They refused a Constitutional monarchy.

Answer 1

Nobility was excluded from a direct role in government.

Question 2

Cities in the fifteenth century

A) featured substantial infrastructure for waste.
B) experienced population declines.
C) had adequate water supplies.
D) relied on the rich to tend to the poor.
E) featured houses that were set apart on wide lots.

Answer 2

relied on the rich to tend to the poor.

Question 3

What techniques did Ferdinand and Isabella use to centralize their authority?

A) They sidelined the rebellious nobility by awarding titles to new nobility who were loyal to them.
B) They established an entirely new administrative network who were loyal only to them.
C) They arrested rebellious nobility and executed some as an example to the rest.
D) They brought a lot of money into the country from their colonial interests and bought the nobility's cooperation.
E) Along with the Jews and the Muslims,they expelled from Spain anyone who challenged their authority.

Answer 3

They sidelined the rebellious nobility by awarding titles to new nobility who were loyal to them.

Question 4

Antwerp served as a transfer point for which of the following goods?

A) Textiles (especially wool)
B) Grain
C) Timber
D) Metals
E) All of these products flowed through Antwerp.

Question 5

Emperor Charles V claimed titles and lands in all of the following except

A) Spain.
B) Austria.
C) the Netherlands.
D) France.
E) Sicily.

Question 6

Because of the large volume of trade moving through Antwerp,what industry developed to support this?

A) banking
B) money-lending
C) bookkeeping
D) insurance
E) the stock market

Question 7

The definition of work changed in the fifteenth century,and it came to mean

A) anything that produced income for the family.
B) anything that produced goods for the market economy.
C) anything that perpetuated self-sufficiency for rural families.
D) that women's work in the family was considered secondary.
E) the division of class and social stratification assigned value to work based on hourly labor.

Question 8

As a result of the fourteenth century high death rates,all of the following were advantageous to the lesser population of Europe except

A) more land was available for agriculture.
B) greater food supplies were available.
C) more jobs were available.
D) people lived longer.
E) higher wages could be demanded for skilled work.

Question 9

Which of the following was not one of the four categories of men's work?

A) agriculture and food production
B) construction
C) manufacturing of cloth and leather
D) religious avocations
E) skilled craft labor organized into guilds

Question 10

Why did serfdom in Western Europe disappear after the fourteenth century?

A) Labor was scarce.
B) New laws converted serfs to peasants.
C) The Church declared serfdom a sin.
D) There was a large rise in slavery to replace serfdom.
E) Agriculture was no longer the primary economic model in western Europe.

Question 11

Women's participation in business was common in all of the following except

A) guild leadership.
B) operating stalls in the marketplace.
C) serving as weights and measures officers.
D) seamstresses and lacemakers.
E) spinning fabric.

Question 12

Which of the following did not occur in Spain in 1492?

A) Columbus was hired by the crown for his voyage to the West.
B) Jews were expelled from Spain.
C) Muslims were defeated in Spain.
D) Granada was conquered.
E) Spain declared war on England.

Question 13

How did the changing definition of work affect women differently than men?

A) Women's work was calculated at the same value as men's.
B) Women's work was devalued as "necessary" but unskilled.
C) Women earned salaries for production of artisanal goods like cheese and butter.
D) Women's work was not considered part of the market economy because they exchanged goods in barter systems.
E) All of the above.

Question 14

A distinctive pattern in marriage of Catholics compared to Jews and Eastern Orthodox Christians was that

A) marriage was usually set at the onset of puberty.
B) marriage had to be conducted according to a contract negotiated between both families and the Church.
C) marriage was reserved until later,when each member could afford to establish a household.
D) marriage was required within the community for stability.
E) marriages could not be ended except by death.

Question 15

The Spanish Inquisition was started in Spain in order to

A) ensure the loyalty of the nobility to Ferdinand and Isabella's rule.
B) oversee the expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain.
C) establish a tribunal to adjudicate legal cases in the provinces.
D) examine Conversos about the legitimacy of their faith.
E) expand exploration of the New World territories.

Question 16

The origin of guilds was for

A) networking of professionals.
B) social clubs.
C) adoption of professional regulation.
D) dedication to charity.
E) None of the above.

Question 17

The percentage of European people engaged in agriculture in the middle of the fifteenth century was approximately

A) 25 percent.
B) 33 percent.
C) 50 percent.
D) 75 percent.
E) 90 percent.

Question 18

In 1500,the most important commercial center in Europe was in

A) Amsterdam.
B) Amiens.
C) Antwerp.
D) Alsace.
E) Albany.

Question 19

Military success in the sixteenth century for the rulers of Europe depended primarily on their use of

A) mercenary armies.
B) conscripted soldiers from their vassal subjects.
C) galleons to form an armada in the navy.
D) New World silver to purchase new weapons.
E) gunpowder from the Turkish Empire.

Question 20

The Reconquista in Spain was completed with the capture of which city?

A) Toledo
B) Aragon
C) Granada
D) Seville
E) Barcelona

Question 21

To finance his military expenditures in the sixteenth century,Charles V relied on all of the following forms of income except

A) taxes.
B) New World gold and silver.
C) tithes from the church.
D) selling crown lands.
E) annuities.

Question 22

All of the following were advancements in fifteenth-century technology or technique that furthered European exploration except

A) the cog ship.
B) the lateen sail.
C) cartography.
D) astrolabes.
E) navigational manuals.

Question 23

How did the invention of the astrolabe further maritime exploration?

A) It allowed sailors to calculate their latitude.
B) It redirected the wind into differently cut sails.
C) It revised the ways maps were printed.
D) It charted the currents in the Atlantic Ocean which allowed more accurate timing of journeys.
E) It calculated the speed of a vessel in water by Archimedes' theory of water displacement.

Question 24

One of the significant characteristics of Russia,which differed dramatically from the West,was Ivan III's use of

A) permanent legalized serfdom.
B) an aggressive tax campaign that exhausted the financial resources of his subjects.
C) tying peasants to the land to force landlords to stay where they were rather than move to the frontier.
D) creating a standing army in exchange for land after twenty-five years of service.
E) creating a permanent military servitor class.

Question 25

How did Henry VIII (Tudor)subordinate Ireland under British rule?

A) By outlawing Catholicism.
B) By initiating a civil war.
C) By declaring English the official language of all his territories.
D) By having the Irish parliament agree that it was an independent kingdom ruled by him.
E) By unilaterally declaring Ireland part of the English realm.

Question 26

The political life of Italy in the mid-sixteenth century was characterized by

A) isolationism.
B) domination by the Holy Roman Empire.
C) centralization in opposition to the Habsburgs.
D) regionalism.
E) feudalism.

Question 27

Henry VII's (Tudor)most important achievements were all of the following except

A) increasing his treasury by receiving tax money.
B) establishing judicial councils that operated in a streamlined,efficient,and speedy fashion.
C) imposing English power over Scotland and Ireland.
D) cementing political alliances through prosperous marriages.
E) allying with France against the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 28

When Charles V abdicated in 1556,he divided his territories between his son and his brother.His brother Ferdinand received territory in which area?

A) Spain
B) The Netherlands
C) Italy
D) Austria
E) The Americas

Question 29

In an effort to centralize his rule over France,which method did Francis I employ?

A) He standardized the Parisian dialect of France.
B) He coerced parliament to subordinate noblemen.
C) He respected regional authority and political independence of his territories.
D) He required that France be religiously tolerant.
E) He encouraged pageantry to celebrate his divine status.

Question 30

In the fifteenth century,the Habsburg lands grew because of successful marriages.In France,the crown territory grew because of

A) diplomacy.
B) imperial conquest.
C) the deaths of long-term landed nobility.
D) centralization and unification by enforcing one dialect of French.
E) exponential financial growth.

Question 31

A significant difference in Russian policy versus that of Spain's was that Russia

A) welcomed settlement of Jews into a region known as "The Pale"
B) forbade slavery within their Imperial territories
C) demanded adherence to the Eastern Orthodox Church
D) prohibited the Orthodox church from missionary activity
E) None of the above.

Question 32

Russia was freed from domination by the Mongols in 1480 when Ivan III did what?

A) negotiated a peace treaty with Khan Batu
B) was victorious in the Battle of Lake Tchud
C) married his daughter to the crown prince of Poland and united forces
D) refused to pay tribute to the Golden Horde
E) hired mercenary soldiers from Germany to defeat the Mongols

Question 33

The continual cause of war for France in the sixteenth century was

A) competition with England for territory in the Americas.
B) the unsatisfactory resolution of French and English disputes between Henry VIII and Francis I at the Field of Gold.
C) Spain's interference in Italy.
D) the encirclement of France by the Habsburgs of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire.
E) French support of Protestantism against England and the Habsburgs.

Question 34

All of the following prevented western European access to the Asian markets except

A) Venetian blockage of land routes
B) Muslims cutting off the Silk Road
C) Portuguese domination of sea routes around Africa
D) Ottomans denying access to the canals to the Red Sea
E) None of these prevented European access to Asian markets.

Question 35

The first European explorers to sail to India and China were from

A) France.
B) Portugal.
C) Spain.
D) England.
E) Italy.

Question 36

Ivan III doubled his territory in Russia when he conquered which land?

A) Moscow
B) Novgorod.
C) Riazan
D) Rostov-Suzdal
E) Astrakhan.

Question 37

The wars between Spain and France ended with which agreement?

A) Condordat of Worms.
B) Treaty of Tordesillas.
C) Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis
D) Peace of Ausburg
E) Treaty of Trent.

Question 38

Which of the following was not a reason for fragmentation within the Holy Roman Empire in the sixteenth century?

A) political independence of the electors
B) over three thousand independent territories within the empire
C) the Protestant Reformation
D) dissent between the Habsburgs and Spanish
E) Regionalism.

Question 39

The Portuguese foothold in African trade was gained through

A) seizure of territory along the western coast of Africa.
B) trade agreements with Muslims on the Arabic Peninsula.
C) fortified trading posts along the coast of Africa.
D) wide-scale slave trade.
E) immunity against tropical diseases.

Question 40

Henry VII (Tudor)attempted to ally with Spain through which method?

A) Issuing a decree against Protestantism in support of the Church.
B) Expelling Jews from England after 1492.
C) Supporting the war effort against France.
D) Negotiating a marriage between his daughter to the Scots king.
E) Agreeing to import goods only from Spanish trade contracts.

Question 41

How did shared technology and ideas advance world exploration?

Question 42

Analyze the difficulties faced by Charles V in ruling his combined territories.What were the major issues that led to his downfall in 1555?

Question 43

How did rural self-sufficiency decline in the fifteenth century and peasants become absorbed into the market economy?

Question 44

How did Europeans pose a threat to indigenous populations?

A) enslavement.
B) conquest of land.
C) forced conversion to Catholicism.
D) lack of immunity to diseases.
E) All of the above.

Question 45

How did Francis I create a unified and centralized kingdom of France in the sixteenth century?

Question 46

The first European to circumnavigate the globe was

A) Ferdinand Magellan.
B) Christopher Columbus.
C) Hernán Cortés.
D) Francisco Pizarro.
E) Vaso Núñez de Balboa.

Question 47

How did European identification with Christianity affect European explorations and settlements in the Age of Discovery?

Question 48

The Treaty of Tordasillas granted Spain control over which area?

A) Brazil and Africa
B) Asia and South America
C) China and Brazil
D) Central and South America
E) The Caribbean and North America

Question 49

Compare the emergence of centralized monarchies in Spain,England,and France in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

Question 50

How did the definition of women's work change with the onset of the commercial revolution?

Question 51

Europeans justified African slavery using all of the following arguments except

A) Las Casas's Eurocentric belief in African inferiority.
B) Aristotle's defense of what he called natural slaves.
C) the existence of slavery in the Bible.
D) allegations that Africans were descendants of Noah's son Ham,who was himself enslaved.
E) demonstrations that slavery was a logical extension of the male hegemony of the household.

Question 52

What problems faced Russia at the time of Ivan IV's death?

Question 53

The man who set out for territorial conquest in the Americas rather than economic or religious conquest was

A) Hernán Cortés
B) Francisco Pizarro
C) Vasco de Gama
D) Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda
E) Ferdinand Magellan

Question 54

How was slavery different in the Western Hemisphere compared to continental Europe and Muslim regions?

A) It was permanent.
B) It fostered a concept of slaves as black or African.
C) It involved primarily plantation labor or work in mines.
D) It was a lifelong status.
E) All of these

Question 55

Portuguese trading outposts were successful in all of the following areas except

A) Goa.
B) Brazil.
C) Malacca.
D) China.
E) Peru.

Question 56

The only woman in the fifteenth century who ruled as a monarch was

A) Queen Elizabeth of England.
B) Queen Catherine de Medici of France.
C) Queen Mary Stuart of Scotland.
D) Queen Isabella of Spain.
E) Empress Henrietta of the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 57

What was the purpose of the New Laws for the Indies?

A) To allocate land in the Americas to Spanish settlers.
B) To celebrate the expansion of Catholicism.
C) To declare that the territories of the Western Hemisphere belonged to Spain.
D) To alleviate abuses of the indigenous population.
E) To establish a Spanish system of government in the Empire.

Question 58

What was the driving purpose behind exploration in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

Question 59

Explain the emergence of Spain as a unified and strong kingdom focused on Christianity under the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella.

Question 60

How did European exploration lead to imperialism?

Question 61

Ivan III and subsequent tsars prohibited the Orthodox Church from missionary activity.

Question 62

Through the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries,France and Spain fought for control of Italy.

Question 63

Bartolomé de las Casas argued against the use of indigenous "Indians" as slave labor in the New World.

Question 64

The founder of the Portuguese empire in Asia was Alfonso de Albuquerque.

Question 65

Economic motivations for exploration and conquest outweighed religious.

Question 66

Henry VIII of England sought to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon because he wanted to overthrow Catholicism in England.

Question 67

The five major states in Italy were held together by political centralization.

Question 68

Hernán Cortés led the conquest of the Inca Empire.

Question 69

Guild work was open to both men and women.

Question 70

In the fifteenth century,the amount of Crown lands held by the king of France nearly doubled.

Question 71

How did Europeans justify the use of African and Indian slavery?