Deck 16: State-Building and the European State System,1648-1789

Question 1

One reason for the success of the parlements in France was

A) they granted tax free status to the nobility.
B) service in these courts of law exempted a person from military service.
C) citizens of France believed they could get a fairer trial than with the church or local courts.
D) the parlements had intendants tracking local tax records.
E) the parlements were believed to be a stepping stone to a constitution.

Answer 1

citizens of France believed they could get a fairer trial than with the church or local courts.

Question 2

One of the most intricate and devastating wars that Louis XIV engaged in was the

A) Dutch Wars.
B) Nine Years' War.
C) War of the Spanish Succession.
D) War of the League of Augsburg.
E) Great Northern Wars.

Answer 2

War of the Spanish Succession.

Question 3

Louis XIV justified his claim to absolutism with the concept of

A) divine right.
B) legal tradition.
C) one king, one faith, one law.
D) princely authority.
E) royal entitlement.

Answer 3

divine right.

Question 4

What type of venue was the salon in France?

A) A chamber in the palace of Versailles in which petitions were presented to the king.
B) A convocation of parlements to provide status updates.
C) A social gathering presided over by well-born women for discussion of current events and interests.
D) A school for diplomats.
E) The administrative offices of the centralized state bureaucracy under Louis XIV.

Question 5

Louis XIV's finance minister was

A) Cardinal Mazarin.
B) Duke de Sully.
C) Jean Bodin.
D) Jean-Baptiste Colbert.
E) Baron de Condorcet.

Question 6

Louis XIV's unusual approach to government in France was

A) a division of service personnel who were both old and newly appointed nobility.
B) delegating authority to his councilars.
C) declaring that he alone would rule France.
D) invoking a parliament.
E) appointing a cardinal to manage his affairs.

Question 7

Why did Louis XIV start a war with the Netherlands in 1672?

A) He wanted to conquer the territory.
B) He wanted to enforce Catholicism.
C) The Dutch threatened his colonial holdings in North America.
D) He objected to their domination of trade and shipping in Europe.
E) He was allied with Spain through marriage to his wife, which was at war with the Dutch Republic.

Question 8

Jansenists were seen as problematic because of their belief that

A) there was no such thing as divine right.
B) that the Pope was the highest authority in the world.
C) Louis XIV must actively and forcefully spread Catholicism in French colonies.
D) human sinfulness was similar to Calvinist interpretation.
E) France must allow religious toleration to improve the state.

Question 9

In 1683,the Ottoman Turks attempted to lay siege to which city?

A) Prague
B) Brandenberg
C) Warsaw
D) Vienna
E) Budapest

Question 10

The idea which introduced the plan to tax all people in France for defense of the state was called

A) capitation.
B) taille.
C) paulette.
D) mercantilism.
E) right of law.

Question 11

What significant step did Louis XV take to control France?

A) He wrote a Bill of Rights.
B) He created a centralized parlement.
C) He revised the tax collection system.
D) He revised the military recruitment policy.
E) He created a professional police force.

Question 12

What tactic did Leopold use most successfully to neutralize the threat of the Hungarian rebellion?

A) He granted them autonomy within the Holy Roman Empire.
B) He resettled the lands formerly occupied in war with other nationalities.
C) He deported all non-Catholics from his territory.
D) He decreed it illegal to use the Magyar language.
E) He promoted all Transylvanian nobility and replaced the Hungarian magnates.

Question 13

On his deathbed,Louis XIV told his heir to

A) increase taxes because the country was bankrupt.
B) avoid indulging in women.
C) avoid wars.
D) purge the country of Huguenots.
E) conquer and unify Spain and France.

Question 14

The outcome of the Wars of Spanish Succession saw

A) economic ruination of France.
B) France and Spain forbidden to ever unite.
C) Louis XIV's grandson Philip on the throne of Spain.
D) a territorial shift in which Austria gained control of the Spanish Netherlands.
E) All of these.

Question 15

What role did Cardinal Mazarin play in Louis XIV's early years?

A) He was commander of the king's body guard.
B) He was the prime minister.
C) He was the tax collector.
D) He was the king's personal confessor.
E) He was the representative of the pope.

Question 16

Louis XIV's issuance of the Four Gallican Articles was aimed against the

A) Huguenots.
B) Jansenists.
C) pope.
D) Catholic Church councils.
E) Republicans.

Question 17

In the seventeenth century,France had colonies in all of the following areas except

A) the Caribbean.
B) Canada.
C) the East Indies.
D) the North American heartland.
E) New Orleans and the Gulf of Mexico.

Question 18

Why was Louis XIV called the Sun King?

A) Because he viewed his place in the universe as equivalent to the sun in importance
B) Because he utilized the metaphor of sun and moon to place, respectively, the state and the church in ranking
C) Because the nobility believed he was "God's grace shining on France like the sun."
D) Because he deliberately chose Apollo as the symbol of Versailles and himself
E) Because he considered the sun part of his realm

Question 19

Emperor Leopold laid claim to the territory of Hungary by claiming hereditary right as the ruler of

A) Romania.
B) Serbia.
C) Transylvania.
D) Budapest.
E) none of these.

Question 20

The largest army in Europe in the seventeenth century was in

A) France.
B) Spain and the Spanish Netherlands.
C) England.
D) Prussia.
E) Austrian Habsburg lands.

Question 21

The turning point of the Great Northern Wars was the battle at

A) Nystadt.
B) Kronos.
C) Lindgoord.
D) Poltava.
E) Vilnus.

Question 22

The War of Austrian Succession sought to

A) recognize a woman as inheritor of the Habsburg lands.
B) put a member of the Bourbon dynasty on the throne of Spain.
C) install a Hohenzollern dynasty over Austria.
D) unify the kingdoms of Austria and Hungary.
E) retain the capital in Vienna instead of Prussia.

Question 23

To Peter's mind,which of the following symbolic changes would signify westernization?

A) speaking German
B) dressing in military apparel
C) shaving of beards
D) importing European fabric for clothing
E) changing from the Julian calendar

Question 24

Pugachev's rebellion was significant because

A) it involved numerous people of various social orders.
B) Catherine responded by abolishing serfdom.
C) it ended the conscription of peasants into the army.
D) it was the first successful demonstration against taxation in Europe.
E) it unified the church, nobility, and government against the peasantry.

Question 25

What was Peter the Great's motive for the Great Northern War?

A) To defeat his avowed enemy in Sweden.
B) To utilize his newly developed navy.
C) To gain access to the Baltic sea.
D) To capture Finland.
E) To suppress the Cossacks who had allied with Poland.

Question 26

Peter the Great moved his capital to

A) Moscow.
B) Cracow.
C) Novgorod.
D) Vladimir.
E) St. Petersburg.

Question 27

The English Restoration under Charles II

A) resulted in the issuance of a constitution.
B) brought neither political nor religious peace.
C) saw the execution of Oliver Cromwell.
D) was accomplished with the cooperation of Anglican and Puritan members of Parliament.
E) made Ireland part of the Commonwealth.

Question 28

The most radical reform initiated by Peter the Great was

A) abolishing the patriarch of the church.
B) requiring military service of the nobility.
C) creating an Academy of Science.
D) requiring his service personnel to pass literacy tests.
E) abolishing serfdom.

Question 29

Why was Catherine the Great an unlikely contender for the Russian throne?

A) She was German.
B) She was Protestant.
C) She was married in to the Romanov family.
D) She was a woman.
E) All of these.

Question 30

The expansion of Russian boundaries under Catherine's reign was accomplished in the west by

A) capturing Baltic lands.
B) seizing Turkish territory in the Caucasus.
C) the partition of Poland with Austria and Prussia.
D) expansion to the Pacific ocean.
E) conscripting Cossacks into the Russian army.

Question 31

In contrast to his father,Frederick William the Elector,King Frederick William I of Prussia practiced what religion?

A) Lutheran
B) Catholic
C) Calvinist
D) Mennonite
E) None of these

Question 32

Why was Leopold unable to develop absolutism like Louis XIV of France?

A) There were too many different nationalities within the Empire.
B) There was religious differentiation.
C) There was a more traditional hierarchy of magnates and serfs.
D) There was considerably less centralization of his bureaucracy.
E) All of these.

Question 33

Frederick William (Hohenzollern)solidified power in Prussia by all of the following methods except

A) building a large army.
B) developing manufacturing centers.
C) raising state revenues.
D) using a twofold taxation system.
E) conquering other principalities in Germany.

Question 34

The Russian ruler given credit for making Russia into a European power was

A) Peter the Great.
B) Catherine the Great.
C) Ivan IV the Terrible.
D) Michael Romanov.
E) Peter III.

Question 35

A significant way that Frederick William I funded his army that was different than other nations was that he

A) increased taxes.
B) used capitation.
C) did not borrow money to pay his expenses.
D) did not require soldiers to equip themselves.
E) granted serfs their freedom if they served in the military.

Question 36

A significant social change implemented by Peter the Great was to

A) end serfdom.
B) create compulsory military service.
C) order mandatory life service in either the military or civilian administration for nobles.
D) eliminate Russian Orthodoxy.
E) create collective farms for efficiency.

Question 37

Which of the following was not an item taxed by Peter the Great to pay for his military reforms?

A) Beehives
B) Beards
C) Baths
D) Salt
E) People

Question 38

In his attempt to control the nobility,Peter the Great

A) disbanded the Imperial Diet.
B) outlawed serfdom.
C) implemented a Table of Ranks.
D) required his nobility to obtain a university education.
E) created a new nobility of the sword.

Question 39

The Austrian alliance brought Russia into European politics and diplomacy by forming a front against

A) France.
B) England.
C) Austria.
D) Prussia.
E) Sweden.

Question 40

Leopold was finally successful in defeating the Ottomans as defined in which Treaty?

A) Carlowitz
B) Saztmár
C) Bucharest
D) Vienna
E) Rákóczi

Question 41

The Clarendon Code of 1661 required

A) all clergy to take an oath of loyalty to the king.
B) the king to defer to Parliament in matters of taxation.
C) Catholics to pay extra taxes to worship in public.
D) all clergy to swear an oath upholding Anglican policies.
E) the king to be Anglican.

Question 42

Why did the Austrian Habsburgs fail to implement absolutism as the French had done?

Question 43

In settling the War of Austrian Succession,Maria Theresa lost which territory?

A) Habsburg Netherlands
B) Silesia
C) Hungary
D) Bohemia
E) Bavaria

Question 44

What were the major successes of Catherine the Great? What were some of her limitations?

Question 45

In the 1670s,the English Parliament was controlled by which faction?

A) Anglicans
B) Catholics
C) Puritans
D) Dissenters
E) None of these

Question 46

Why was James II forced off the throne of England?

A) He was Catholic.
B) He refused to adhere to the Magna Carta.
C) He disbanded parliament when they refused him money.
D) He had no male heirs.
E) He was in favor of an alliance with France.

Question 47

How was the sense of collective identity in France established and retained?

Question 48

What administrative and economic changes did Louis XIV use to centralize and unify France?

Question 49

After the last of the Stuart rulers of England died,Parliament offered the throne to

A) Prince George of Hanover.
B) Princess Sophia of Anholt-Swerbst.
C) Prince Frederick William of Prussia.
D) Prince Wilhelm of Denmark.
E) None of these.

Question 50

Austria's status as the loser in the eighteenth-century wars resulted in all of the following except

A) Maria Theresa being forced to abdicate.
B) the Habsburgs instituting significant social reforms.
C) a radical restructuring and buildup of the army.
D) obtaining the power of permanent state taxation.
E) delegating operations to the corp of administrators.

Question 51

In the dispute over the succession of James II,which of the following groups supported him in Parliament and advocated the right of hereditary kingship?

A) Whigs
B) Tories
C) Republicans
D) Roundheads
E) Cavaliers

Question 52

The Glorious Revolution accomplished all of the following except it

A) turned England into a constitutional monarchy.
B) required all rulers of England from then on to be Protestant.
C) refused the king the right to raise his own army.
D) assured the right of all citizens to vote for Parliament's House of Commons.
E) ensured the right to trial by jury.

Question 53

What was mercantilism,and what was its effect on European economies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?

Question 54

Explain the rise of Prussia as a political entity in eighteenth-century Europe.

Question 55

Why is Peter the Great seen as the modernizer of Russia?

Question 56

Eighteenth-century statesmen used what means to enforce the balance of power?

A) economic competition
B) colonial expansion
C) diplomacy
D) warfare
E) religious compromise

Question 57

Analyze the reforms attempted by Empress Maria Theresa of Austria.

Question 58

Analyze the results of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes.

Question 59

Robert Walpole became the leader of the Whigs under George I because of all of the following except he

A) was an excellent public speaker.
B) declined to serve in the House of Lords.
C) opposed George as a candidate for kingship, instead choosing James III.
D) believed in the power of centralized government.
E) appealed to both Whigs and moderate Tories.

Question 60

Analyze the transformation of England into a constitutional monarchy.Why was this transformation called the Glorious Revolution?

Question 61

Jansenists were conservative Catholic reformers in France who were condemned by the pope for their ideas on human sinfulness.

Question 62

How did the idea of "balance of power" fuel the European wars of the seventeenth and eighteenth century?

Question 63

Sir Robert Walpole declined the offer to a seat in the House of Lords.

Question 64

Parliament's Toleration Act granted religious toleration to all Christians in England.

Question 65

King Frederick William I was a Calvinist and an absolutist.

Question 66

The Treaty of Carlowitz united Hungary with the Habsburg territory.

Question 67

Peter the Great decisively rejected Western cultural influences in Russia.

Question 68

Frederick II of Prussia supported the right of Maria Theresa to rule Austria in the War of Austrian Succession.

Question 69

Louis XIV of France was in favor of a policy of religious toleration to end internal dissent in France.

Question 70

Catherine the Great was neither Russian nor legally entitled to the throne of Russia.

Question 71

What were the significant differences between the Wars of Succession with regards to Spain versus
Austria?

Question 72

The Seven Years' War was fought in North America.