Deck 25: War and Revolution,1900-1918

Question 1

France looked for an alliance network because it felt most threatened by which European power?

A) Austro-Hungary.
B) England.
C) Russia.
D) Germany
E) The Ottoman empire.

Answer 1

Germany

Question 2

At the outset of war,Germany marched into

A) Poland.
B) Belgium.
C) France.
D) Serbia.
E) Ukraine.

Answer 2

Belgium.

Question 3

The Triple Alliance was a coalition among which countries?

A) England, France, and Germany
B) England, Italy, and Russia
C) Russia, Germany, and Austria
D) Austria, Germany, and Italy
E) Austria, England, and France

Answer 3

Austria, Germany, and Italy

Question 4

Germany declared war on Russia in 1914 because

A) Russia had entered an alliance with England.
B) France had already declared war on Germany.
C) Serbia was too valuable a territory to lose to Austria.
D) Austria was already at war and German involvement seemed inevitable.
E) after the Schlieffen Plan failed, Germany wanted the element of surprise.

Question 5

The First Balkan War of 1912 saw the almost complete removal of what nation from influence in Europe?

A) Bulgaria.
B) The Ottoman empire.
C) Montenegro.
D) Serbia.
E) Russia.

Question 6

What was the "entente cordiale"?

A) A diplomatic arrangement between England and other European nations to remain neutral.
B) A formal alliance system between France, Russia, and Britain.
C) A friendly agreement to support France against Germany, which was later extended to Russia.
D) A formal agreement to recognize Italian neutrality.
E) A European-wide agreement to divide the European holdings of the Ottoman empire.

Question 7

The Schlieffen Plan hinged on what tactic?

A) Britain not challenging Germany's occupation of Belgium.
B) Rapid movement of German troops into position to take France.
C) Delaying German engagement of Russia until the Western Front had been established.
D) Germany bypassing French border fortresses to get to the North Sea.
E) All of these.

Question 8

The beginning of World War I was greeted with

A) enthusiasm and patriotism.
B) popular protest at the diplomatic failure.
C) strong condemnation of the liberal factions.
D) sheer joy by the military industrialists.
E) caution and nervousness by the neutral countries of Europe.

Question 9

Which of the following was not a factor in provoking World War I?

A) Nationalism
B) Resentment over territorial losses in the imperial competition among European states
C) Advances in military technology
D) Political alliances frayed by interfamilial marriage
E) The decline of the Ottoman Empire

Question 10

What was the significance of the Russian defeat at the Battle of Tannenberg?

A) Russians showed they had inadequate military leadership.
B) Germany took a significant port city and shut of supplies to Russia in the Baltic.
C) Serbia had to come to their assistance.
D) Russia would not be able to attack on German soil again during the war.
E) Tsar Nicholas II was killed in battle.

Question 11

The main factor that escalated the onset of war after the assassination of the archduke was

A) Serbia's refusal to capitulate to Austria's ultimatum.
B) the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks in Russia.
C) Russia's siege of Istanbul.
D) Germany's occupation of Alsace and Lorraine.
E) mobilization of the Italian army against the Dalmatian Coast.

Question 12

What miscalculation did each nation make in its war enthusiasm?

A) Underestimating the military prowess of Germany.
B) Assuming that all colonial territories would go to the victorious side from the losers.
C) Believing that the war would be over quickly.
D) The neutral nations believed that by staying out of it, they would be exempt from participation.
E) Each side counted on the United States to throw support towards them.

Question 13

Which treaty member refused to support the original alliance and switched sides?

A) Italy
B) England
C) France
D) Russia
E) The Ottoman Empire

Question 14

The immediate cause of World War I was

A) Germany's occupation of Belgium to get to France.
B) Russia's threat to Austria for annexing Bosnia-Herzegovina.
C) the assassination of the Austrian archduke Franz Ferdinand.
D) the German invasion of Poland.
E) the death of the Ottoman sultan.

Question 15

The first of the European nations to declare war on another at the start of World War I was

A) France.
B) Germany.
C) Russia.
D) Austria.
E) England.

Question 16

Which country joined the Triple Alliance as part of the Central Powers later in the war?

A) Italy
B) The Ottoman Empire
C) Spain
D) France
E) Belgium

Question 17

Which of the following ideologies was most responsible for the onset of World War I?

A) Communism
B) Capitalism
C) Socialism
D) Nationalism
E) Feminism

Question 18

The "hot spot" for contention over upsetting the balance of power in Europe was in

A) Poland.
B) the Balkan states.
C) the Baltic States.
D) Finland.
E) Persia.

Question 19

The stalemate of trench warfare arose in the West at which site of battle?

A) Marne
B) Ypres
C) Verdun
D) Artois
E) Somme

Question 20

The most brutal tactic causing the most casualties was

A) the use of chemical weapons.
B) heavy artillery.
C) hand-to-hand combat.
D) trench warfare.
E) air combat.

Question 21

Trench warfare was characterized by

A) relative immobilization.
B) rampant disease.
C) deadly stalemates with numerous deaths.
D) an impassable section of territory called no man's land.
E) all of these.

Question 22

Government attempts to control their populations included all of the following except

A) limiting the rights of free speech.
B) government intervention in the economy by way of rationing.
C) allowing women to join the workforce.
D) conscription of women, minorities, and prisoners into the army.
E) broadcasting of propaganda and nationalist sentiment.

Question 23

Germany countered the British naval blockade with

A) trench warfare.
B) unrestricted submarine warfare.
C) targeting of civilian populations.
D) disregard of neutrality policies.
E) all of these.

Question 24

The Bolsheviks were able to seize power because

A) they had a political majority within the Provisional Government.
B) Alexander Kerensky was assassinated by anarchists.
C) they promised peasants land in exchange for support.
D) the German government agreed to their terms for peaceful withdrawal from the war.
E) they were endorsed by France and Britain.

Question 25

What was the Cheka?

A) The Soviet organization of war relief efforts.
B) A Russian-made machine gun.
C) A ship sunk by German U-boats in 1916.
D) The secret police to enforce discipline by the Soviets.
E) The body of representative government in Russia prior to the Bolshevik Revolution.

Question 26

What was the new technical advantage introduced at the Battle of the Somme?

A) gas canisters
B) mustard gas
C) the tank
D) shrapnel
E) machine gun

Question 27

Alexander Kerensky was in charge of which faction of Russian politics?

A) He was the leader of the Duma.
B) He was the head of the Provisional Government.
C) He was the leader of the Red Guards.
D) He was the head of the Bolshevik Party.
E) He was the general of the Kadets.

Question 28

The Balfour Declaration was controversial in the Middle East because

A) it proposed that the Ottoman Empire be partitioned between England and France.
B) it allowed for the creation of a Jewish home state in Palestine.
C) it gave Britain permanent control over Egypt and access to the Suez Canal.
D) France received little assistance in controlling North Africa.
E) None of these.

Question 29

Among the uses of propaganda to inspire popular support of the war were

A) songs
B) postcards.
C) movies.
D) recruitment posters.
E) All of these.

Question 30

English participation in the war was most effective in

A) trench warfare.
B) naval blockades of Germany.
C) the landing at Gallipoli.
D) negotiating terms between the Entente and the Alliance.
E) resupplying France and Russia.

Question 31

What was the most surprising content of Lenin's "April Theses"?

A) His demand for Tsar Nicholas II to be executed for treason.
B) His rejection of support for the Provisional government.
C) His unconditional demands for exit from the war.
D) His continuation of military efforts against Germany.
E) His issuance of Order Number One.

Question 32

What was Germany's intent in its strategy at the Battle of Verdun in 1916?

A) To cut off internal access to Paris
B) To prevent a flank of British troops from attempting to join the French
C) To inflict the greatest number of casualties possible in a battle of attrition
D) To demonstrate their superior fire power to the French
E) To break through the final line of French defense and take Paris

Question 33

Why did the first revolution in Russia in March 1917 occur?

A) Women were unable to buy bread and food, and joined an International Women's Day demonstration.
B) Grigory Rasputin issued orders to the Russian Army while the Tsar was out of Petrograd.
C) The Russian nobility rose up against Tsarina Alexandra as a spy for Germany.
D) Lenin and the Bolsheviks marched on the Winter Palace in Moscow and seized power.
E) Russian forces were defeated in Riga due to lack of supplies.

Question 34

What intensified anti-German feelings in the United States in 1915?

A) The sinking of the Lusitania.
B) The Battle of Jutland.
C) The use of total war as a tactic.
D) The use of poison gas in trench warfare.
E) German aircraft attacks by the Red Baron.

Question 35

What best explains why the term total war was applicable to World War I?

A) It relied on the participation of all members of the population to mobilize and win the war.
B) It involved all the nations of Europe.
C) It was an all-inclusive war that killed both soldiers and civilians.
D) It overlapped international and domestic civil wars.
E) It involved every kind of military technology available.

Question 36

The first instance of genocide during World War I was seen in which of the following?

A) The Armenian Massacre by the Turkish
B) Suppression of the Zulu uprising
C) Italian massacre of Ethiopians
D) Turkish execution of Arab nationalists
E) Russian killing of Ukrainians

Question 37

The attempt by the British naval forces to take out the Ottomans was a disastrous defeat at

A) Tripoli.
B) Istanbul.
C) Jutland.
D) Gallipoli.
E) Malta.

Question 38

Which best exemplifies the nationalist actions during wartime?

A) The Bolshevik Revolution
B) The Irish Easter Uprising in 1916
C) Gandhi's passive resistance sit-ins
D) German Pals Units enlistment.
E) East Africa's colonial uprising against Germany.

Question 39

In 1915,in an attempt to break the deadlock of trench warfare,Germany developed what weapon?

A) artillery shells
B) poison gas
C) incendiary devices lobbed from planes
D) germ warfare
E) flame-throwers

Question 40

What or who were the soviets?

A) A coalition of the Women's International Day protesters and women protesting bread shortages
B) Individual representatives in the provisional government
C) Workers' councils
D) Peasant collective farms
E) The liberals who wanted to institute a constitutional monarchy

Question 41

What were the conditions in Russia that predisposed it to failure in the war and brought the end of the monarchy?

Question 42

Explain the two systems of alliances that brought the European powers to war.

Question 43

What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles that made it ineffective or incomplete in terms of neutralizing the events of the war?

Question 44

Why was the United States brought into World War I officially in 1917?

A) Germany's sinking of ships violated neutrality treaties.
B) Trade agreements with Britain enriched U.S. arms manufacturers.
C) The general population supported the war.
D) To make the world safe for democracy
E) Germany imposed a trade embargo on chemicals and machinery.

Question 45

Woodrow Wilson's plan for peace was known as what?

A) The League of Nations.
B) The Fourteen Points.
C) Paris Peace Accords.
D) The Geneva Convention.
E) The October Manifesto.

Question 46

Russia was drawn out of World War I by what crisis?

A) The abdication of Tsar Nicholas II
B) The failure of the provisional government
C) The seizure of power by the Bolsheviks in 1917
D) The imminent eruption of civil war
E) All of these

Question 47

Which of the following was not a term of the peace treaty ending World War I?

A) Germany had to give back Alsace-Lorraine.
B) The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was declared void.
C) Germany had to disarm entirely.
D) Austria was forced to pay war reparations to Serbia.
E) The Allied naval blockade of Germany would continue until a final peace settlement was reached.

Question 48

Why was Italy looked at as a "junior" partner in the Triple Alliance? What did Italy bring to the partnership?

Question 49

How was the first impact of America's entry into World War I felt?

A) economically.
B) militarily.
C) politically.
D) socially.
E) provisionally.

Question 50

The only empire remaining at the end of the war was

A) the Ottoman Empire.
B) the Russian Empire.
C) the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
D) the Balkan Empire.
E) none of these.

Question 51

How did technology change the way war was waged in World War I?

Question 52

Why did Lenin agree to the terms of the Treaty of Brest Litovsk?

A) He wanted to focus on the civil war in Russia.
B) He wanted to divest Russia of the capitalist means of production.
C) He was sure that the revolution would eventually universalize all lands anyway.
D) He believed it was the only means by which Socialists could survive in Russia.
E) Trotsky said that it was the best Russia could do.

Question 53

Why was 1917 the most decisive year of the war?

Question 54

What did Europe look like at the end of the war? What effects did the war have in dispelling nationalism's influences?

Question 55

Which of the following areas was not a newly independent state after the War?

A) Ukraine
B) Hungary
C) Poland
D) Finland
E) Vienna

Question 56

What was inflammatory about the Zimmerman telegram?

A) It attempted to bring Mexico into the war on the side of the Central Powers.
B) It asked Mexico to engage in war with the United States to draw it out of the European arena.
C) It promised Mexico the return of land lost to the United States in the nineteenth century if it would side with Germany.
D) It offered Mexico control of Spain at the end of the war for engaging the United States.
E) None of these.

Question 57

What were the significant reasons for tension in the Balkans?

Question 58

How did the nation-states of Europe manage war operations at the outset of World War I?

Question 59

What made the events of World War I a world war as opposed to a pan-European conflict?

Question 60

Why did Germany believe victory was still possible in 1917?

A) They had gained considerable lands on the Eastern Front.
B) The Russian Civil War meant that Russia dropped out of the war.
C) The United States maintained a policy of non-intervention.
D) Austrian and German forces defeated the Italians at the Battle of Caporetto.
E) All of these.

Question 61

The Schlieffen Plan failed in France.

Question 62

The primary event that sparked the beginning of World War I was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Question 63

Military planners expected World War I to be long and involved because of new weapons and technology.

Question 64

Why did T.E.Lawrence become disgusted with British actions in Arab lands?

Question 65

Radical Socialists in Germany,Rosa Luxembourg and Karl Liebknecht,supported Germany's nationalistic declaration of World War I.

Question 66

The Balfour Declaration divided up former Ottoman empire territories among the nations of the Middle East.

Question 67

Tsar Nicholas II voluntarily abdicated the throne of Russia.

Question 68

Alexander Kerensky led the Bolsheviks out of the Russian Civil War.

Question 69

How did governments control populations during the war to focus on "total war"?

Question 70

U.S.President Wilson brought America into World War I under the pressure of the sinking of the Lusitania.

Question 71

Movement in the war on the Western front was halted largely because of trench warfare.

Question 72

The Japanese and American economies prospered during World War I.