Deck 26: A Decade of Revolutionary Experiments,1918-1929

Question 1

Germany was crippled in the interwar years by

A) hyper-inflation.
B) the growth of the Nazi (National Socialist) Party.
C) suppression of economic activity by the League of Nations.
D) the seizure of power by Bavaria in displacing Prussia.
E) a devastating influenza that killed millions.

Answer 1

hyper-inflation.

Question 2

What was accomplished by the Dawes Plan?

A) Alsace-Lorraine was returned to Germany to prevent further aggression.
B) Germany was allowed to rearm in a limited capacity.
C) The Ruhr occupation was sanctioned by the League of Nations.
D) The war reparations were renegotiated to a more manageable level.
E) None of these

Answer 2

The war reparations were renegotiated to a more manageable level.

Question 3

The first constitutional government in the Balkans was in

A) Serbia.
B) Montenegro.
C) Greece.
D) Albania.
E) Bosnia.

Answer 3

Greece.

Question 4

What was Woodrow Wilson's primary emphasis for the new diplomatic order in Europe based on?

A) Western hegemony continuing from European colonies
B) Extension of American protectorate status
C) National self-determination
D) Universal democracy
E) Control of third world countries

Question 5

As a result of the Irish Civil War,the Irish Free State received what status?

A) Independent Republic
B) Home Rule
C) Mandate
D) Protectorate
E) Dominion

Question 6

Who was a significant role model for Benito Mussolini's dictatorship in Italy?

A) Adolph Hitler
B) Vladimir Lenin.
C) Ho Chi Minh
D) Gabriele D'Annunzio
E) Otto von Bismarck.

Question 7

Who led the Bolshevik Revolution in Hungary in 1919?

A) Rosa Luxembourg
B) Leon Trotsky
C) Béla Kun
D) Janos Kadar
E) Imre Nagy

Question 8

Britain promoted full independence of which protectorate nation in 1932?

A) Palestine
B) Iraq
C) Iran
D) Arabia
E) Egypt

Question 9

Mandates were

A) rules of surrender enforced in the Treaty of Versailles.
B) decrees from the League of Nations to maintain the Fourteen-Point Plan.
C) the trustee status of former German colonies in Africa and Asia.
D) the need to secure approval from the League of Nations for provisional government appointments.
E) undisputed territorial reassignments imposed on Germany and Austria.

Question 10

The Treaty of Trianon resulted in

A) the reduction of Hungary to one-third of its original size.
B) the suppression of the Soviet leadership in Hungary.
C) the invasion of Hungary by Slovak and Romanian forces.
D) the overthrow of the Kun regime.
E) all of these.

Question 11

Poland's failure to achieve democracy was attributed to

A) Joseph Pilsudski.
B) Thomas G. Masaryk.
C) Lech Wardinski.
D) Rosa Luxemburg.
E) Kier Hardaway.

Question 12

The greatest casualty of the diplomatic meetings at Versailles turned out to be which of the following?

A) The independence of Poland
B) The principle of self determination
C) The terms of the Sykes-Picot Agreement
D) The creation of Palestine
E) German representation

Question 13

Who was the German leader who suppressed Hitler's 1923 Beer Hall Putsch?

A) Josef Weimar
B) Gustav Stresemann
C) Walter Rattenau
D) Karl Denka
E) None of these

Question 14

The most successful political parties in western Europe in the 1920s were

A) conservative to moderate.
B) labor.
C) socialist.
D) communist.
E) liberal.

Question 15

Which group led the opposition against the anti-Conservative party in Britain?

A) Whigs
B) Tories
C) Labour
D) British National Party
E) Plaid Cymru

Question 16

Which was the primary characteristic of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's plan for modernizing Turkey?

A) Nationalism
B) Secularization
C) Industrialization
D) Universal suffrage
E) Suppression of Islam

Question 17

Which was the first state in Eastern Europe to establish a post-war political stability under democracy?

A) Poland.
B) Yugoslavia.
C) Hungary.
D) Romania.
E) Czechoslovakia.

Question 18

Which of the following was not a country created out of the territories of the war's so-called losers?

A) Czechoslovakia
B) Hungary
C) Latvia
D) Poland
E) Turkey

Question 19

Which was not one of the aims of the League of Nations?

A) Protection of human rights
B) Regulating arms trafficking
C) Preventing the spread of communism
D) Maintaining fair labor practices
E) Ensuring fair treatment of displaced persons from the war

Question 20

In order to ensure Germany maintained reparations payments,France and Belgium enacted which of the following?

A) A moratorium on payments
B) The Rurh occupation
C) Ruthless seizure of grain in Bavaria
D) Demand for payment in kind
E) All of these.

Question 21

What spurred Alexandra Kollontai to radicalism?

A) Disillusionment with the monarchy's handling of the war
B) Reading Bebel's Women and Socialism
C) Reading Lenin's What Is to Be Done?
D) Losing her husband to war
E) Hearing the efforts of Emmeline Pankhurst

Question 22

Why were doctors and engineers seen as potential threats to the Party in the USSR?

A) Because of their higher education.
B) Their professions held standards independent of the political regime.
C) They usually spoke other languages.
D) They were seen as susceptible to espionage.
E) Because they were reluctant to join the Red Army during the Civil War.

Question 23

What was the name of the organization used by the Soviet government to expand their revolution?

A) Cheka.
B) Comintern.
C) Zhenotdel
D) Comecon
E) Politburo.

Question 24

What was the goal of the New Economic Policy (NEP)promoted by Lenin?

A) Nationalization of all private industry.
B) Implementation of a temporary form of private property and free commerce.
C) Outlawing labor unions' demands for universal wages.
D) Centralization of production under one Commissar.
E) Emphasizing agricultural production over industrial production as a temporary means to spur economic growth.

Question 25

Scandinavia was the first region in Europe to implement which of the following?

A) Pro-natalism
B) Hyper-inflation
C) Democracy
D) Fascism
E) The welfare state

Question 26

According to the women's corporations in Italy,what was not a proper role for women in Italy?

A) Pro-natalism
B) Domestic pride
C) Household management
D) Working outside the home
E) Child care

Question 27

How did Mussolini resolve the disputes of fascism with the Catholic Church?

A) By promoting the cult of motherhood
B) By promoting Catholicism as one of the unifying cultural identities of Italian history
C) By signing a concordat with the pope that recognized papal autonomy
D) By requiring his black shirts to go to church
E) By threatening the pope into submission

Question 28

What was the Soviet Union's perception of religion?

A) It opposed the Orthodox church for their possession of property and wealth.
B) They viewed religion as a distraction from current social problems.
C) Organized religion was seen as irrational and superstitious.
D) They objected to the Church's acceptance that social inequality was the way of life.
E) All of these.

Question 29

Which of the following groups was not threatened by the advancement of Italian fascism?

A) Feminists
B) Jews
C) Socialists
D) Trade unionists
E) Artists

Question 30

Mussolini's corporatist control over Italy extended to all of the following areas except

A) the press.
B) the Catholic Church.
C) agricultural production.
D) nationalized industries.
E) parliament.

Question 31

Mussolini took the title of

A) Fuhrer.
B) Il Duce.
C) Tovarishch.
D) Princeps.
E) Marshall.

Question 32

How did Mussolini's Fascist Party gain a following?

A) By playing on public dissatisfaction with the parliament's inability to negotiate effective foreign policy.
B) By using extensive propaganda.
C) By appealing to the middle classes who had lost much.
D) By placing blame on the League of Nations.
E) By emulating Hitler's tactics in Germany.

Question 33

What was seen as the most significant flaw in Lenin's promotion of Marxism in Russia?

A) The masses were not sufficiently educated to reach the next phase of Marxism.
B) The necessity of NEP in order to finance the revolution left many people disillusioned.
C) Russians had insufficient consciousness of class conflict.
D) The refusal of the Bolsheviks to turn power over to the Soviets, as promised during the war.
E) The lack of nationalized industries prevented the first step to true communism.

Question 34

How did Mussolini eventually take control of Italy?

A) By gaining control of parliament through the elections favoring the Fascist Party
B) By marching on Rome with thousands of supporters to intimidate the king
C) By disbanding parliament and threatening the king
D) By staging a military coup with the socialist forces to overthrow the monarchy
E) Gaining the support of the conservative factions by brutally suppressing workers' strikes

Question 35

The key difference in the definition of equality,according to the Soviets compared to the United States,was

A) universal suffrage for all men.
B) extension of political equality to women.
C) economic equality.
D) making legal rights throughout the Soviet Union all the same.
E) all of these.

Question 36

Which of the following gave the advantage to the Reds in the Russian Civil War?

A) Better financial backing
B) Support of the peasantry
C) Better organization
D) Control of the armed forces
E) The promise of economic reforms

Question 37

In the struggle for control of the Politburo after Lenin's death,power was taken by whom?

A) Trotsky
B) Stalin
C) Kirov
D) Molotov
E) Bukharin

Question 38

Joseph Stalin's centrist plans for Russia,in opposition to Trotsky's,argued for what?

A) Free market for industry
B) Suppression of democracy
C) Socialism in the Soviet Union before spreading the revolution elsewhere
D) Gaining revenge on Germany for the terms of the Treaty of Brest Litovsk
E) Nationalization of agriculture.

Question 39

According to the Bolsheviks,class enemies included all of the following except

A) peasant farmers in collectives.
B) some teachers.
C) white-collar professionals.
D) the professional middle classes.
E) the aristocracy.

Question 40

How did family life change under the Bolshevik regime?

A) There was freer access to divorce.
B) The family was promoted as the foundation of social stability.
C) Marriages shifted to civil services rather than religious services.
D) Child care institutions were created by the state for the benefit of working women.
E) All of these

Question 41

The Surrealists adapted what new idea into their work?

A) Totalitarianism
B) Fascism
C) Theoretical Physics
D) Psychoanalysis
E) Social Darwinism

Question 42

How did the visual arts change in response to the effects of the war?

Question 43

Why was the Weimar Republic tainted with the stigma of failure?

Question 44

How did corporations change the political and social institutions of Italy in the postwar period?

Question 45

How did women benefit from the changes in Soviet society?

Question 46

How was popular entertainment seen as an expression of reaction to the war?

Question 47

What were the difficulties encountered by the League of Nations in the interwar years?

Question 48

What kind of revolutionary movements occurred after World War I?

Question 49

Which artistic group believed that war was a means to cleanse all that was bad in society?

A) Surrealists
B) Expressionists
C) Modernists
D) Futurists
E) Cubists

Question 50

What was the new form of music that infiltrated European culture after World War I?

A) jazz
B) blues.
C) avant-garde
D) swing
E) folk

Question 51

All of the following Russian artists embraced Bolshevism except

A) Sergei Eistenstein.
B) Marc Chagall.
C) Vladimir Mayakovsky
D) Vladimir Khlebnikov
E) Mikhael Bulgakov.

Question 52

After the war,women obtained the right to vote in all of the following areas except

A) England.
B) Germany.
C) France.
D) Russia.
E) Norway.

Question 53

The Bauhaus school of architecture used as its inspiration

A) the desire to create objects that were both beautiful and useful.
B) the joining of style and functionality.
C) twisted, abstract shapes that defied conventional lines.
D) the rejection of Art Deco.
E) the heavy embellishment and ornamentation of buildings.

Question 54

The first surrealist was

A) Salvador Dali.
B) René Magritte.
C) André Breton.
D) Käthi Kollwitz.
E) Frieda Kahlo.

Question 55

Explain how Scandinavia solved the economic and social problems of the postwar years in comparison to Italy.

Question 56

All of the following statements about women in the postwar workforce are true except

A) women were demobilized and sent home to their separate spheres.
B) many women retained their jobs out of economic necessity.
C) women were encouraged in western countries to have large families rather than work
D) many embraced independent identities as "new women."
E) women found that firms often rehired men after the war, putting them out of work.

Question 57

Who was among the pacifist intellectuals who lobbied for peaceful existence in the postwar environment?

A) Alexandra Kollontai
B) Emmeline Pankhurst
C) Albert Einstein
D) Wilfred Owens
E) Winston Churchill.

Question 58

Pro-natalism was embraced by most European nations for all of the following reasons except

A) Repopulation after war losses.
B) Promotion of sexual satisfaction within marriage.
C) Maintaining traditional values of women in the household.
D) Providing a basis for universal democracy.
E) All of these.

Question 59

How did the return to peacetime affect women's places in the public sphere?

Question 60

Art Deco was a movement that sought to do what?

A) Portray the connection between the inner emotional realm and the outer social reality.
B) Promote minimalist design with recycled items.
C) Create everyday items that were affordable through mass production.
D) Develop a form of "highbrow" art that was appealing to the upper classes.
E) Infuse historical elements into artwork to create a connection to the past.

Question 61

Why did the creation of the Irish Free State become a continued problem within Irish-British diplomatic relations?

Question 62

What problems arose with negotiating the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

Question 63

The Soviet policy to reduce illiteracy in Russia emphasized education of professionals from the bourgeoisie.

Question 64

Most European nations pursued a pro-natalist policy after World War I to repopulate each country.

Question 65

Albert Einstein's dedication to pacifism was characteristic of the scientific community.

Question 66

Cabarets of the 1920s were transformed by infusion of American Jazz.

Question 67

Why did Atatürk's transformations of Turkey focus on modernization and renewal,rather than traditional history?

Question 68

Germany was at the forefront of introducing social reform known as the welfare state.

Question 69

David Lloyd George was the first member of the Labour Party elected as Prime Minister in Britain.

Question 70

Alexandra Kollontai's radicalism included her idea of eliminating the institution of marriage and traditional family structures.

Question 71

Benito Mussolini was a member of the Socialist Party in Italy in his youth.

Question 72

Lenin's vision of achieving true communism relied on the revolution taking place only after all participants had attained full class consciousness.

Question 73

After World War I,members of the Triple Entente sent troops and financial assistance to defeat the Bolsheviks in Russia.