Question 1

The _____ receives external signals and transmits the information to the neuronal cell body.&#10;A) Axon&#10;B) Dendrite&#10;C) Soma&#10;D) Synaptic terminal&#10;E) Telodendron

Accepted Answer

Dendrites receive incoming signals from other neurons or sensory receptors and transmit the information towards the cell body (soma). The axon is responsible for transmitting the signal away from the cell body, towards other neurons or effector cells. The soma is the main body of the neuron where the nucleus is located. The synaptic terminal is at the end of the axon, where neurotransmitters are released to communicate with other neurons or effector cells. The telodendron is a branch at the end of the axon, which ends in synaptic terminals.

Question 2

Neurotransmitters synthesized in the soma of a neuron reach the synaptic cleft via&#10;A) Action potentials&#10;B) Anterograde axonal transport&#10;C) Graded potentials&#10;D) Retrograde axonal transport&#10;E) Synaptic activity

Accepted Answer

Anterograde axonal transport is the process by which neurotransmitters synthesized in the soma of a neuron are transported down the axon to the synaptic cleft. This occurs through the use of specialized proteins that carry the neurotransmitter-containing vesicles along microtubules within the axon.

Question 3

In comparing the action of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells&#10;A) Myelin sheaths produced by Schwann cells are associated with a basal lamina, whereas those produced by oligodendrocytes have no such association&#10;B) Oligodendrocyte cytoplasm is retained within the myelin sheath while Schwann cell cytoplasm is not trapped&#10;C) Processes of the oligodendrocytes contact the node of Ranvier in the central nervous system whereas astrocyte processes contact the node in the parasympathetic nervous system&#10;D) Schwann cells myelinate several axons, while oligodendrocytes myelinate only a single axon&#10;E) The cell body of an oligodendrocyte is more closely associated with its myelin sheath than the cell body of a Schwann cell is with its myelin sheath

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheaths produced by Schwann cells are associated with a basal lamina, whereas those produced by oligodendrocytes have no such association.

Answer: B
 Oligodendrocyte cytoplasm is retained within the myelin sheath while Schwann cell cytoplasm is not trapped.

Answer: D
 Schwann cells myelinate several axons, while oligodendrocytes myelinate only a single axon.

Question 4

Cell bodies of which of the following type of neuron are found in dorsal root ganglia?&#10;A) Central nervous system&#10;B) Parasympathetic nervous system&#10;C) Sensory&#10;D) Somatic motor&#10;E) Sympathetic

Accepted Answer

Cell bodies of sensory neurons are found in dorsal root ganglia.

Question 5

Sensory information is conducted toward the spinal cord via&#10;A) Bipolar neurons&#10;B) Multipolar neurons&#10;C) Pseudounipolar neurons&#10;D) Purkinje cells&#10;E) Pyramidal cells

Accepted Answer

Sensory information is conducted toward the spinal cord via pseudounipolar neurons, which have a single process that bifurcates into a peripheral process that detects the sensory stimulus and a central process that carries the signal to the spinal cord. Bipolar neurons have two processes and are typically involved in special senses. Multipolar neurons have many processes and are typically involved in motor function. Purkinje cells are large neurons located in the cerebellum that are involved in motor coordination. Pyramidal cells are found in the cerebral cortex and are involved in motor function and cognitive processing.

Question 6

The neuroglial cells responsible for myelinating axons in the central nervous system are&#10;A) Astrocytes&#10;B) Ependymal cells&#10;C) Microglial cells&#10;D) Oligodendrocytes&#10;E) Schwann cells

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes are the neuroglial cells responsible for myelinating axons in the central nervous system, while Schwann cells myelinate axons in the peripheral nervous system. Astrocytes, ependymal cells, and microglial cells have other functions in the nervous system.

Question 7

Which of the following neuroglial cells is phagocytic?&#10;A) Astrocytes&#10;B) Ependymal cells&#10;C) Oligodendrocytes&#10;D) Microglial cells&#10;E) Satellite cells

Accepted Answer

Microglial cells are phagocytic and act as the immune cells of the central nervous system. They remove damaged neurons and debris from the brain and spinal cord.

Question 8

Interneurons are found&#10;A) Only in the brain&#10;B) Only in the central nervous system&#10;C) Only in the peripheral nervous system&#10;D) Only in the spinal cord&#10;E) Throughout the nervous system

Accepted Answer

Interneurons are found only in the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord. They are responsible for connecting sensory and motor pathways within the CNS.

Question 9

Which of the following surrounds individual neurons within a nerve?&#10;A) Endoneurium&#10;B) Endoplasmic reticulum&#10;C) Epineurium&#10;D) Myelin&#10;E) Perineurium

Accepted Answer

The endoneurium is the delicate connective tissue that surrounds individual nerve fibers (neurons) within a nerve.

Deck 8: Nervous Tissue