Question 1

Keratinized epithelium becomes nonkeratinized at which of the following structures?&#10;A) Nasal vestibule&#10;B) Nasopharynx&#10;C) Olfactory region of nasal cavity&#10;D) Oropharynx&#10;E) Posterior nasal cavity

Accepted Answer

The nasal vestibule is lined with keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, which transitions to nonkeratinized epithelium as it moves deeper into the nasal cavity.

Question 2

Inspired air moves from the _____ directly into the alveolar ducts.&#10;A) Alveolar sacs&#10;B) Alveoli&#10;C) Respiratory bronchioles&#10;D) Terminal bronchioles&#10;E) Tertiary bronchi

Accepted Answer

Inspired air moves from the respiratory bronchioles directly into the alveolar ducts, which then lead into the alveolar sacs and alveoli. The terminal and tertiary bronchi are located before the respiratory bronchioles in the bronchial tree.

Question 3

Where are Bowman's glands located?&#10;A) Alveoli&#10;B) Bronchioles&#10;C) Nasal vestibule&#10;D) Olfactory region of nasal cavity&#10;E) Posterior nasal cavity

Accepted Answer

Bowman's glands are located in the olfactory region of the nasal cavity. They secrete mucus that helps dissolve odor molecules, facilitating the sense of smell.

Question 4

Alveolar cells that manufacture and secrete pulmonary surfactant are&#10;A) Alveolar macrophages&#10;B) Clara cells&#10;C) Endothelial cells&#10;D) Type I alveolar cells&#10;E) Type II alveolar cells

Accepted Answer

Type II alveolar cells are the ones that manufacture and secrete pulmonary surfactant. Alveolar macrophages are immune cells that protect against infection. Clara cells are found in the bronchioles and secrete a variety of substances. Endothelial cells are the cells that line the blood vessels in the lungs, not the alveoli. Type I alveolar cells are responsible for gas exchange.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the larynx is not true?&#10;A) It is lined with respiratory epithelium&#10;B) The false vocal folds contain the space of Reinke&#10;C) The subglottis is inferior to the anterior and posterior commissures&#10;D) The true vocal folds are found in the glottis&#10;E) Vocal cords are abducted during inspiration

Accepted Answer

The space of Reinke is found in the true vocal folds, not the false vocal folds.

Question 6

Which of the following cells in the olfactory epithelium are structurally bipolar neurons?&#10;A) Basal cells&#10;B) Bowman's cells&#10;C) Columnar cells&#10;D) Olfactory cells&#10;E) Sustentacular cells

Accepted Answer

Olfactory cells are the primary sensory cells in the olfactory epithelium and are structurally bipolar neurons. Basal cells are stem cells that give rise to olfactory cells and sustentacular cells provide structural and metabolic support to olfactory cells. Columnar cells are a type of epithelial cell found in the respiratory tract. Bowman's cells are specialized secretory cells found in the olfactory mucosa, but they are not neurons.

Question 7

In the respiratory system, air moves from the larynx into the&#10;A) Bronchi&#10;B) Bronchioles&#10;C) Laryngopharynx&#10;D) Oropharynx&#10;E) Trachea

Accepted Answer

After leaving the larynx, air enters the trachea, which then branches into the bronchi leading to the lungs.

Question 8

Among other cells, goblet cells and cells of Kulchitsky are located in which structure?&#10;A) Alveoli&#10;B) Bronchioles&#10;C) Larynx&#10;D) Nasopharynx&#10;E) Trachea

Accepted Answer

Goblet cells and cells of Kulchitsky are located in the trachea. Goblet cells secrete mucus and are important in protecting and lubricating the respiratory tract. Cells of Kulchitsky are also known as neuroendocrine cells and produce hormones that regulate airway function.

Question 9

Non-mucous secreting and non-ciliated dome-shaped cells with microvilli are found in the respiratory tract. These cells are detoxifying and secrete a component of surfactant. They are also capable of differentiation for tissue regeneration. Where are they located?

A) Alveoli
B) Bronchi
C) Bronchioles
D) Laryngopharynx
E) Trachea

Accepted Answer

Non-mucous secreting and non-ciliated dome-shaped cells with microvilli are known as club cells or bronchiolar cells, which are found in the bronchioles of the respiratory tract.

Question 10

Which respiratory structure constitutes the last part of the conducting zone?&#10;A) Alveolar ducts&#10;B) Primary bronchi&#10;C) Respiratory bronchioles&#10;D) Secondary bronchi&#10;E) Terminal bronchioles

Accepted Answer

The terminal bronchioles are the last part of the conducting zone, before air reaches the respiratory zone where gas exchange occurs. Alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchioles are part of the respiratory zone, while primary and secondary bronchi are part of the larger airways that branch off the trachea before narrowing down to the smaller terminal bronchioles.

Question 11

_____ are bony projections that result in folds in the lateral parts of the nasal cavity, causing airflow turbulence.&#10;A) Conchae&#10;B) Meati&#10;C) Nares&#10;D) Septa&#10;E) Vibrissae

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ are bony projections that result in...

Deck 13: Respiratory System