Deck 6: The Emergence of Cities and States

Question 1

Why did Teotihuacan include residents with foreign affiliation?

A) to use as slaves
B) to rely on for military protection
C) to consult in spiritual matters
D) to expand the trade network

Answer 1

to expand the trade network

Question 2

The world's first civilization in Mesopotamia developed:

A) between 10,000 and 5,500 years ago
B) between 6,000 and 4,500 years ago
C) between 6,500 and 4,000 years ago
D) between 8,500 and 5,500 years ago

Answer 2

between 6,000 and 4,500 years ago

Question 3

In the 1960s in New York City during a long newspaper strike, how did the city and its services demonstrate resilience?

A) by launching new magazines and expanding television news coverage
B) by boycotting all news magazines and television news coverage
C) by sending in police to force an end to the strike
D) by rioting in front of the striking newspaper offices

Answer 3

by launching new magazines and expanding television news coverage

Question 4

The early city of Teotihuacan was designed according to:

A) a standard Spanish grid pattern
B) visions and prophecies
C) regional topography
D) the solar calendar

Question 5

How did the Maya maximize land available for subsistence?

A) they practiced hydroponic farming without soil
B) they had gardens inside their homes for subsistence
C) they used artificially raised fields in flooded areas
D) they created land by diverting rivers into areas away from Tikal

Question 6

The most important aspect of modern cities is:

A) socialization
B) exchange
C) interdependence
D) independence

Question 7

The early city of Mohenjo-Daro, at its peak, had a population of:

A) 10,000
B) 50,000
C) 20,000
D) 7,000

Question 8

In a modern city virtually every institution depends on:

A) religious organizations
B) highways
C) public utilities
D) secondary schools

Question 9

The Maya city of Tikal flourished between:

A) 6,700 and 1,200 years ago
B) 5,000 and 3,200 years ago
C) 4,300 and 2,000 years ago
D) 3,000 and 1,100 years ago

Question 10

The world's first cities developed in:

A) China
B) the Indus Valley
C) Egypt
D) Mesopotamia

Question 11

All of the following emerged with the emergence of cities and states except:

A) organized central governments
B) monumental structures
C) warfare
D) equality

Question 12

The earliest cities in the Americas appeared in:

A) Mexico
B) Honduras
C) Guatemala
D) Peru

Question 13

What kind of data was collected from the study of non-monumental structures at Tikal?

A) state political interests
B) trade and exchange routes
C) site size and population
D) religious affiliation

Question 14

The major early civilizations sprang from _______________ villages.

A) Mesolithic
B) Paleolithic
C) Neolithic
D) Endolithic

Question 15

Following the excavations in the 1960s, archaeologists at Tikal began to focus on:

A) dwelling sites around the larger buildings
B) the temple complex and major buildings
C) monumental architecture at the site
D) slave quarters and workers' dwellings on the outskirts

Question 16

The center and most important area of Tikal was:

A) the Solar Plaza
B) the Temple of the Moon
C) the Street of the Dead
D) the Great Plaza

Question 17

In what country is Tikal located?

A) Guatemala
B) Costa Rica
C) Panama
D) Turkey

Question 18

The root word civitas of civilization means:

A) trade and exchange
B) refinement and manners
C) top hierarchy of a city
D) urban area of dwelling

Question 19

Çatalhöyük demonstrates which of the following?

A) it is an urban area in the Fertile Crescent where agriculture first developed
B) it is an urban center that developed from a very small farming community
C) it is the first urban center ever developed, and it subsisted solely on trade
D) it is a highly populated town which never developed characteristics of urban centers

Question 20

All of the following are elements of a civilization as defined by anthropologists except:

A) large numbers of people living in cities
B) refinement and progress
C) social stratification
D) governing by ruling elite

Question 21

Which of the following represents the earliest kind of record-keeping?

A) bark paper
B) cloth paper
C) tokens
D) clay tablets

Question 22

The advent of bronze metallurgy created advances in:

A) farming and religion
B) warfare and farming
C) religion and warfare
D) hunting and religion

Question 23

Bronze was associated with early cities in every area except:

A) Asia
B) Europe
C) Africa
D) Mesoamerica

Question 24

What was the primary purpose of Maya record-keeping?

A) to keep records and lists for tax purposes
B) to keep lists of land titles and ownership
C) to keep records on the great accomplishments of the rulers
D) to keep records for food storage and storehouses

Question 25

Scientists conclude that Tikal suffered from food and land scarcity for all the following reasons except:

A) storehouses of trade items
B) nutritional deficiency
C) house abandonment on prime land
D) increasing warfare

Question 26

The initial motive for the development of writing in Mesopotamia was for:

A) writing letters
B) record-keeping
C) religious documentation
D) story-telling

Question 27

The Maya writing system appears to have roots in the earlier writing system of the:

A) Olmecs
B) Mesopotamians
C) Toltecs
D) Aztecs

Question 28

In Uruk, about 5,100 years ago the reed stylus was used to make:

A) monosyllabic markings
B) monosyllabic letters
C) polysyllabic markings
D) polysyllabic letters

Question 29

In 2003 in the Henan Province of China, archaeologists discovered evidence of writing in the form of:

A) signs carved into tortoise shells
B) knotted strings
C) clay tablets
D) bark etchings

Question 30

Irrigation techniques, such as dikes, canals, and reservoirs, were a direct result of:

A) social stratification
B) centralized government
C) diversification of labor
D) agricultural innovation

Question 31

Evidence of centralized authority in ancient civilizations comes from all the following except:

A) law codes
B) ethnographic interviews
C) temple records
D) royal chronicles

Question 32

In the Mesopotamian city of Uruk, some 5100 years ago, there developed the technique of:

A) marking on a clay tablet
B) carving on a tortoise shell
C) cave painting
D) writing with a charcoal stylus on rock

Question 33

Egyptian kings sent trading expeditions to Lebanon primarily for:

A) wine and funerary oils
B) lapis lazuli
C) ivory and cattle
D) gold and copper

Question 34

The Bronze Age was marked by:

A) the earliest human migrations
B) the development of seafaring trade
C) the development of new kinds of descent
D) increasingly specialized tool production

Question 35

King Hammurabi's reign was especially accomplished in the areas of:

A) development of legal system and religious institutions
B) organization of government and legal system
C) administration of legal system and trade organizations
D) social organization and political administration

Question 36

For the Aztecs and Maya, obsidian was not:

A) extremely sharp
B) easy to work with
C) readily available
D) a symbol of wealth

Question 37

Bronze is made from:

A) copper and tin
B) iron and lead
C) lead and copper
D) tin and gold

Question 38

What form of writing did the Maya use?

A) reed stylus on clay tablets
B) tokens
C) hieroglyphics
D) tortoise carvings

Question 39

For ceremonial objects, the Aztecs and Maya used:

A) emeralds and gold
B) copper and gold
C) silver and lapis lazuli
D) silver and bronze

Question 40

Lagash was an ancient city in _____________ that listed specialized workers in public records.

A) Rome
B) Babylon
C) Jericho
D) Egypt

Question 41

Which theory of state development argues that forceful leaders play a central role in the development of complex societies?

A) political theory
B) circumscription theory
C) hydraulic theory
D) action theory

Question 42

At its height Teotihuacan housed more than 200,000 inhabitants.

Question 43

Why is Tay-Sachs allele frequency significantly higher among Ashkenazi Jews?

A) belief system (religion) prevents use of any medications and treatment
B) extensive involvement in trading networks in diseased areas
C) historical crowding in urban areas in western Europe and exposure to tuberculosis
D) historical crowding in urban ghettos over centuries and high exposure to tuberculosis

Question 44

Because of the emergence of devastating infectious diseases in Europe, the urban population there was not self-sustaining until which century?

A) 18th
B) 19th
C) 20th
D) 21st

Question 45

In the Inca Empire, information was moved by:

A) public records made up of a conventional writing system
B) imperial administrators whose job it was to deliver messages
C) a system of professional relay runners
D) announcers on horseback

Question 46

A coding system of colored strings with knots was used by what civilization as a form of unconventional writing?

A) Mesopotamian
B) Egyptian
C) Maya
D) Inca

Question 47

Until 1800 _______________ was the largest city that ever existed in the area known today as the United States.

A) New York
B) Moundville
C) Etowah
D) Cahokia

Question 48

Tikal was probably located on a major overland trade route.

Question 49

In the first few years of the Tikal Project, archaeologists investigated only major temple and palace structures.

Question 50

The world's first urban areas occurred in the New World.

Question 51

Which of the following had the most advanced political system of its time?

A) Aztec
B) Inca
C) Maya
D) Toltec

Question 52

The hydraulic theory is an example of what kind of approach?

A) action
B) ecological
C) political
D) symbolic

Question 53

The first emperor of which civilization was buried with 7,000 life-size terra cotta figures?

A) Indonesia
B) Mesopotamia
C) Japan
D) China

Question 54

In the Applied Anthropology section entitled ''Tell It to the Marines: Teaching Troops about Cultural Heritage'' why do military personnel take a class
Focusing on the cultural heritage of the area where they will be deployed?

A) so they can develop better military strategies in combat
B) to educate troops on the importance of protecting the evidence of past cultures
C) so they can help the local population build museums
D) to train current troops to become anthropologists

Question 55

The Code of Hammurabi includes detail and procedure regarding all of the following except:

A) medical malpractice procedure
B) educational law
C) family rights
D) trade and commerce

Question 56

What is the primary problem with the hydraulic theory?

A) it does not explain every cultural case
B) irrigation was not essential to the earliest civilizations
C) some civilizations developed without farming
D) it is skewed to Western case studies

Question 57

In the Biocultural Connection section how do Ramenofsky and Galloway explain the disappearance of Native American populations between the explorations of Hernando de Soto and the later arrival of French explorers along the Mississippi?

A) they argue that Hernando de Soto's runaway pigs carried diseases that infected the local fauna and food source for the Native American of that region
B) they argue that Hernando de Soto's army carried diseases that spread to the Native Americans of that region
C) they argue that the Native Americans were nomadic and moved to another region by the time the French explorers arrived
D) they argue that Native Americans never lived in that region and the sites they found were ceremonial centers visited infrequently

Question 58

Çatalhöyük was an early city in China.

Question 59

In the hydraulic theory, civilizations emerged following the development of farming in what geographic areas?

A) savannah areas
B) river valleys
C) fertile hillsides
D) heavily wooded areas

Question 60

All of the following were significant challenges to early state societies except:

A) waste disposal
B) infectious disease
C) warfare
D) social egalitarianism

Question 61

Changes in farming methods at the time of early civilizations were classified as _____________________.

Question 62

______________ refers to societies in which large numbers of people live in cities that are organized into states.

Question 63

Marcus and Flannery developed action theory to address some of the deficiencies of the hydraulic theory.

Question 64

Great Zimbabwe was once a part of the Bantu state.

Question 65

One example of applied archaeology is lecturing to Marines about the cultural
heritage of the locations where they will be deployed.

Question 66

King Hammurabi is best known for developing an improved writing system in
Babylon.

Question 67

Traders and those involved in mercantile pursuits were accorded high status in all civilizations.

Question 68

Clearly, the environment played the major role in the development of all state societies and urban areas.

Question 69

During the time of the development of early state societies, northern Europeans developed a tendency for sickle-cell anemia.

Question 70

The Maya calendar was used to address agricultural concerns.

Question 71

The Inca Empire had no known form of conventional writing.

Question 72

City planning was a common aspect of early centralized governments.

Question 73

The advent of cities and states created a new social order.

Question 74

Individuals homozygous for Tay-Sachs alleles are healthier than heterozygotes.

Question 75

The primary street in Teotihuacan was called the Street of the _______________.

Question 76

The advent of writing is well documented and clearly understood.

Question 77

Herodotus reports that the Great Pyramid took 10,000 men 20 years to build.

Question 78

Maya written records are called _______________.

Question 79

The Maya constructed water reservoirs.

Question 80

The Maya calendar experts were ______________.