Deck 13: Kinship and Other Methods of Grouping

Question 1

The Maori were colonized by the:

A) Spanish
B) English
C) French
D) Dutch

Answer 1

English

Question 2

Which of the following is not a distinction between clans and lineages?

A) the depth of demonstrated ancestry
B) residential unity
C) strong association with symbolism
D) unilineal descent

Answer 2

unilineal descent

Question 3

Today, those who claim Maori ancestry number approximately:

A) 600,000
B) 2.7 million
C) 193,000
D) 7,500

Answer 3

600,000

Question 4

An extended unilineal kinship group, often consisting of several lineages, whose members claim common descent from a remote ancestor is called a:

A) phratry
B) descent group
C) clan
D) lineage

Question 5

The Maori are known as great:

A) agriculturalists
B) hunters
C) seafarers
D) commercialists

Question 6

In matrilineal descent groups, the children of a family belong to the descent group of their:

A) father
B) father's brother
C) father's grandmother
D) mother's brother

Question 7

The clan results from:

A) extended family
B) descent group formation
C) lineage fission
D) lineage fusion

Question 8

Descent groups are:

A) based on residence rules
B) strict clan memberships
C) various non-kin institutions
D) based on a common ancestor

Question 9

In nonindustrial societies, the most common way of meeting needs such as resource allocation, law enforcement, and societal functions is through the:

A) clan system
B) religious system
C) kinship system
D) political system

Question 10

A common feature of matrilineal descent groups is a weakness in the tie between:

A) husband and wife
B) wife and daughters
C) wife and sons
D) siblings

Question 11

Which of the following is considered a cross cousin to Ego?

A) Ego's mother's brother's child
B) Ego's mother's sister's child
C) Ego's father's brother's child
D) Ego's aunt's child

Question 12

Which of the following establishes descent group membership exclusively through the male or the female line?

A) matrilineal descent
B) unilineal descent
C) kinship
D) bilineal descent

Question 13

Which of the following problems is usually best dealt with through household organization in industrial societies?

A) communal work coordination
B) group defense
C) childrearing
D) allocation of natural resources

Question 14

Any kinship group with a membership lineally descending from a real historical or fictional common ancestor is called a:

A) phratry
B) kinship
C) lineage group
D) descent group

Question 15

Kinship is best described as:

A) a network of relatives within which the individual possesses certain rights and obligations
B) a network of relatives within which the individual works to obtain all material possessions
C) an extended family that cooperates on all social tasks and works together to defend territory
D) a social network that serves as the foundation for institutional arrangements within a society

Question 16

In what country do we find the Maori?

A) New Zealand
B) Australia
C) Trobriand Islands
D) Papua New Guinea

Question 17

In patrilineal descent, a woman belongs to the descent group of her:

A) children and husband
B) mother and sisters
C) father and her children
D) father and brothers

Question 18

The central person from whom the degree of each relationship is traced is referred to by the term:

A) ancestor
B) totem
C) EGO
D) kindred

Question 19

Maori geneticist Adele Whyte used what kind of research material to ascertain the number of women in the original founding of Aotearoa ("Land of the Long White Cloud")?

A) serology tests
B) oral traditions and memories
C) paternity DNA sequencing
D) mitochondrial DNA

Question 20

What is the most common restrictive characteristic for membership in a descent group?

A) occupation
B) place of origin
C) religion
D) gender

Question 21

Which kind of descent is most common in industrial societies?

A) bilateral
B) double
C) matrilineal
D) patrilineal

Question 22

Approximately how many generations are part of a known lineage?

A) infinite number
B) 10
C) 2
D) 5

Question 23

A unilineal descent group composed of at least two clans that share a supposedly common ancestry is called a:

A) tribe
B) moiety
C) lineage
D) phratry

Question 24

Derived from the French word for "half," these divisions are what each of two major descent groups within a society are called:

A) clan
B) lineage
C) phratry
D) moiety

Question 25

Which kinship terminology reflects the absence of strong unilineal descent?

A) Eskimo
B) Hawaiian
C) Crow
D) Omaha

Question 26

"Kindred" is frequently associated with what mode of subsistence?

A) industrialism
B) horticulture
C) pastoralism
D) foraging

Question 27

Symbols from which some clan groups claim mythical origin and common descent are called:

A) matriclans
B) diasporas
C) totems
D) matrix symbols

Question 28

What is the primary difference between unilineal and ambilineal descent?

A) unilineal allows the individual and family an opportunity to affiliate with mother's or father's lines
B) ambilineal allows the individual and family some flexibility in choosing the descent group
C) unilineal and ambilineal are much the same, except in ambilineal descent there are stricter rules about allegiance
D) there is no known difference between these two systems

Question 29

Which kinship terminology system uses the least number of kinship terms?

A) Hawaiian
B) Sudanese
C) Aranda
D) Eskimo

Question 30

Under Iroquois terminology offspring of parental siblings of the same sex are referred to as:

A) true cousins
B) descent cousins
C) parallel cousins
D) cross cousins

Question 31

What relative do people of kindred have in common?

A) mother
B) the focal person reckoning kinship
C) an unidentified ancestor
D) mother and father

Question 32

Which descent form is reckoned both patrilineally and matrilineally at the same time?

A) unilineal descent
B) ambilineal descent
C) bilateral descent
D) double descent

Question 33

In Scotland large kinship groups were known as:

A) nuclear families
B) extended families
C) patriclans
D) clans

Question 34

When a society is divided into two large descent groups, each group is called a:

A) clan
B) lineage
C) phratry
D) moiety

Question 35

Which of the following is not a named and recognized kinship system?

A) Aranda
B) Eskimo
C) Sudanese
D) Nigerian

Question 36

In what kinds of societies do we primarily find the Eskimo system of kinship terminology?

A) foraging and pastoral
B) industrial and foraging
C) pastoral and industrial
D) horticultural and agricultural

Question 37

The Chinese Han, the dominant ethnic group in the country, practice what form of descent?

A) bilateral
B) ambilineal
C) matrilineal
D) patrilineal

Question 38

When descent derives from both mother's and father's lines equally, it is called:

A) unilineal descent
B) ambilineal descent
C) double descent
D) bilateral descent

Question 39

A diasporic community is:

A) a group of immigrants who retain distinct cultural identity with their homelands
B) a group of migrant workers who, after two generations, assimilate into the wider cultural society
C) a clan group that claims ancestry from its place of origin
D) a group of people who intermarry and form social alliances for political advantage

Question 40

With which type of descent is Eskimo terminology most associated?

A) unilineal
B) double
C) ambilineal
D) bilateral

Question 41

In patrilineal descent groups, descent confers authority.

Question 42

Clans have more genealogical depth than lineages.

Question 43

In what year was the world's first test-tube baby produced?

A) 1978
B) 1987
C) 1976
D) 1982

Question 44

In industrial societies, where individuals are often separated from their kin, we tend to find a proliferation of:

A) social castes
B) common-interest associations
C) occupational categories
D) age-sets

Question 45

Societies that permit a great deal of mobility are called:

A) closed-class societies
B) open-class societies
C) nontraditional societies
D) mobile societies

Question 46

The untouchable caste in India includes approximately what percentage of the Indian population?

A) 35%
B) 25%
C) 5%
D) 15%

Question 47

Caste-structured societies are examples of:

A) closed-class societies
B) open-class societies
C) immobile societies
D) traditional societies

Question 48

Hindu castes are distinguished by:

A) age and occupation
B) occupation and symbolic status of purity
C) symbolic status of purity and social class
D) religious status and symbolic class

Question 49

The degree of mobility in a stratified society is related to the kind of:

A) family organization
B) class statuses
C) occupation classes
D) religious organization

Question 50

The gen-Xers (born between 1961-1980) are classified as a(n):

A) age grade
B) phratry
C) age set
D) common-interest association

Question 51

The most common way of tracing descent group membership is through religious practice.

Question 52

What kinds of evidence did Michael Blakely unearth in association with the skeletons he found in New York City?

A) evidence of intermarriage with aboriginal Americans
B) evidence of improved life after immigration
C) evidence of the institution of slavery
D) evidence of significant social mobility

Question 53

Descent groups are most related to a society's superstructure.

Question 54

Greater mobility is generally associated with a:

A) nontraditional family
B) polygamous family
C) extended family
D) nuclear family

Question 55

The Hindu caste system is based on the sacred text known as:

A) Bagavad Ghita
B) Laws of Manu
C) Hindu Vedas
D) Manor Castes

Question 56

The fifth and lowest category of Hindu castes is the:

A) Brahman
B) Kshatriyas
C) Sudras
D) Dalit

Question 57

The Jewish bar mitzvah is an example of an:

A) age group
B) age class
C) age grade
D) age set

Question 58

Which of the following factors affect a person's position in society all over the world (universally)?

A) age and sex
B) social class and occupation
C) sex and social class
D) age and occupation

Question 59

The African captives that were unearthed in New York City had arrived to New York during the:

A) 17th and 18th centuries
B) 16th century
C) 18th and 19th centuries
D) 18th century

Question 60

In matrilineal descent, women hold exclusive authority.

Question 61

The two major forms of a unilineal descent group, whether matrilineal or patrilineal, are the _______________ and the _______________.

Question 62

Often archaeologists can detect social organization from material structure.

Question 63

A child's inheritance of their father's name as their own surname is customarily a part of _______________ descent.

Question 64

Overall, social mobility tends to be rather restricted by degree in all societies.

Question 65

Kindred are lineally organized.

Question 66

A phratry is a unilineal descent group.

Question 67

When two or more kin are merged under the same term those individuals have more or less the same rights and obligations.

Question 68

"Age grades" are also referred to by the term "age classes."

Question 69

All stratified societies have some social mobility.

Question 70

When an original lineage splits into two, it is called fusion.

Question 71

_______________ descent is tracing descent through the male line.

Question 72

Social stratification amounts to institutional inequality.

Question 73

_______________ is the network of relatives within which individuals possess certain rights and obligations.

Question 74

The Boy Scouts of Americas would be classified by anthropologists as a "common-interest association."

Question 75

India constitutionally abolished the caste system in 1975.

Question 76

Age-grades were established universally by numerical age of the individual.

Question 77

People form groups based on gender, age, and social rank.

Question 78

In all oral tradition societies, elders are considered to be the wise ones in the group.

Question 79

_______________ descent is tracing descent from both mother's and father's line equally.

Question 80

Even a Dalit's shadow in India is believed to be polluting.