Deck 15: Marine Animals

Question 1

What is considered the most primitive true animal?

A) Porifera
B) Cnidaria
C) Annelida
D) Mollusca

Answer 1

A
Sponges, in the phylum Porifera, are the most primitive. They are all suspension feeders that are found in all latitudes. Information can be found in the section Invertebrates Are the Most Successful and Abundant Animals.

Question 2

What is the term for vertebrates who have a skeleton made of cartilage?

A) Osteichthyes
B) Chondrichthyes
C) Reptilia
D) Ophiuroids

Answer 2

B
Chondrichthyes include sharks, rays, skates, and chimaeras. Cartilage is tough and elastic, but is not true bone. Information can be found in the section Fishes Are Earth's Most Abundant and Successful Vertebrates.

Question 3

Which worm has a segmented body plan?

A) Platyhelminthes
B) Nematodes
C) Roundworms
D) Polychaetes

Answer 3

D
Polychaetes are the largest and most diverse class of annelids. They are often vibrant colors with bristle projections on each segment. Information can be found in the section The Worm Phyla Are the Link to Advanced Animals.

Question 4

What makes up the greatest biomass of any species on Earth?

A) King crab
B) Krill
C) Squid
D) Coral

Question 5

What do squid use as a decoy defense mechanism?

A) Cnidoblasts
B) Internal shells
C) Coagulated ink
D) Propulsion

Question 6

What adaptation have only toothed whales developed for prey detection?

A) Ability to generate internal body heat
B) Bradycardia
C) Advanced gas exchange system
D) Echolocation

Question 7

What is the transitional organism from invertebrates to vertebrates?

A) Ophiuroids
B) Echinoids
C) Salps
D) Amphioxus

Question 8

Which is not a characteristic of an arthropod?

A) Exoskeleton
B) Articulation of appendages
C) Striated muscle
D) Central nervous system

Question 9

What is an ophiuroid?

A) Sea urchins
B) Tunicate
C) Salps
D) Brittle stars

Question 10

What needle-like structure provides a skeletal network for a sponge?

A) Cnidoblasts
B) Polyps
C) Spicules
D) Zooxanthellae

Question 11

Which phylum is found exclusively in marine habitats?

A) Mollusca
B) Arthropoda
C) Echinodermata
D) Annelida

Question 12

What is a relatively large classification for a group of animals that share similar architecture, level of complexity, and evolutionary history?

A) Order
B) Phylum
C) Family
D) Genus

Question 13

What would be one thing that humans could do in terms of caring for the ocean according to National Geographic Explorer Brad Norman?

A) increase research on whale sharks
B) treat the ocean like your home, respect and protect it
C) reduce fishing
D) reduce pollution

Question 14

Which animal is considered to be a suspension feeder?

A) Fish
B) Sea stars
C) Sponges
D) Conches

Question 15

Platyhelminthes were the first organisms to have:

A) fully developed brain.
B) notochord.
C) central nervous system.
D) eyes

Question 16

What phylum contains sea jellies?

A) Porifera
B) Cnidaria
C) Echinodermata
D) Platyhelminthes

Question 17

What is considered the most advanced animal phyla?

A) Chordata
B) Echinodermata
C) Mollusca
D) Arthropoda

Question 18

What is the most effective anti-drag body plan?

A) Torpedolike
B) Horizontally compressed
C) Vertically compressed
D) Disk-shaped

Question 19

What order has the most living bony fish species?

A) Chondrichthyes
B) Osteichthyes
C) Teleostei
D) Coelacanths

Question 20

What class is comprised of nautiluses, octopuses, and squid?

A) Cephalopoda
B) Bivalia
C) Gastropoda
D) Mollusca

Question 21

What special tool do tunicates use to obtain more food when suspension feeding?

A) Tunic outer covering
B) Mucous plankton net
C) Water vascular system
D) Notochord

Question 22

What is an invertebrate chordate?

A) A chordate that has lost its gill slits
B) A chordate with an underdeveloped dorsal nerve system
C) A chordate that has lost its notochord
D) A chordate that evolved to become an invertebrate

Question 23

Which phylum has the most number of species?

A) Mollusca
B) Arthropoda
C) Chordata
D) Annelida

Question 24

What percentage of all living and fossil animals are invertebrates?

A) 10%
B) 50%
C) 70%
D) 90%

Question 25

Photosynthetic autotrophs changed the composition of the atmosphere during the oxygen revolution.

Question 26

What unique feature do all echinoderms have?

A) Water vascular system
B) An expelling stomach
C) A complex chewing jaws
D) Brains

Question 27

Marine birds usually avoid land unless they are finding food.

Question 28

Sharks and rays tend to be larger than bony fish.

Question 29

What are the stinging cells present in cnidarians?

A) Cnidoblasts
B) Spicules
C) Nettles
D) Gastrodermis

Question 30

Squid are the most intelligent invertebrates.

Question 31

Which marine reptiles make long migrations to lay eggs on the very same beach they hatched from?

A) Sea turtles
B) Crocodiles
C) Lizards
D) Sea snakes

Question 32

The teeth in odontocetes are made of baleen.

Question 33

What comprises an arthropod's exoskeleton?

A) Keratin
B) Spicules
C) Chitin
D) Bone

Question 34

The vertebrates' skull made the evolution of intelligence feasible.

Question 35

Polychaetes are the most successful worm phyla, being found in terrestrial, aquatic, and marine environments.

Question 36

How do some predatory sharks find their prey?

A) They are attracted to vibrations in the water.
B) They use their keen sense of smell.
C) They use sensitive organs underneath their skin.
D) All of these choices

Question 37

Schooling behavior makes normally small fish appear like a large organism from a distance.

Question 38

The symmetry in worms represents the transition from simple to advanced organisms.

Question 39

Cnidarians exhibit bilateral symmetry, an advancement from the phylum Porifera.

Question 40

What do the simplest vertebrates lack?

A) Jaws
B) Notochord
C) Central nervous system
D) Teeth

Question 41

The evolution of the notochord in chordates permitted a more complex embryonic development.

Question 42

What animal is responsible for building tropical reefs? What is the term for this behavior? What kind of symbiosis occurs within the tissues of these organisms?

Question 43

In the Insight to A National Geographic Explorer segment about Sylvia Earle's encounter with an octopus, we learn that humans are newcomers who have managed to dominate the earth in a relatively short time. Why does she have a problem with this? What are some problems that you could envision from human dominance

Question 44

Compare and contrast the three phyla of worms. Which is considered to be the most evolutionarily advanced?

Question 45

Some mollusks are segmented, indicating a common ancestor with annelids.

Question 46

What is the difference between invertebrate and vertebrate chordates? What organism has characteristics of both?

Question 47

Brittle stars employ a unique evasive technique that involves detaching an arm if grabbed by a predator.

Question 48

The first fish evolved about 50 million years ago.

Question 49

What characteristics have made arthropods the most successful phylum? How do these animals grow? Can you think of any disadvantage of growing this way?

Question 50

Coral and barnacles are both arthropods due to their hard outer exoskeletons.