Question 1

All the following are cardinal signs of inflammation except:&#10;A) Calor (heat)&#10;B) Rubor (redness)&#10;C) Tumor (swelling)&#10;D) Dolor (pain)&#10;E) Odor (smell)

Accepted Answer

Odor (smell) is not considered a cardinal sign of inflammation. The other options - Calor (heat), Rubor (redness), Tumor (swelling), and Dolor (pain) - are all commonly recognized as signs of inflammation.

Question 2

Hypertrophic scars are called:&#10;A) Granuloma&#10;B) Granulation tissue&#10;C) Proud flesh&#10;D) Keloid&#10;E) Dehiscence

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophic scars are characterized by an excessive amount of collagen that forms a raised scar that remains within the boundaries of the original wound. These scars are often confused with keloids, but hypertrophic scars do not extend beyond the wound site whereas keloids do.

Question 3

The center of an abscess contains:&#10;A) Caseous necrosis&#10;B) Calcification&#10;C) Pus&#10;D) Eosinophils&#10;E) Fibrous tissue

Accepted Answer

The center of an abscess contains pus, which is a collection of dead white blood cells, tissue debris, and bacteria.

Question 4

Release of histamine at the site of inflammation causes:&#10;A) Increased vascular permeability&#10;B) Decreased vascular permeability&#10;C) Accumulation of neutrophils&#10;D) Accumulation of platelets&#10;E) Activation of the complement system

Accepted Answer

Histamine release causes increased vascular permeability, leading to leakage of fluid and cells from blood vessels into the tissue, which is a characteristic of inflammation. This allows immune cells to enter the site of infection or injury and initiate the immune response.

Question 5

Which of the following blood components has fibrinolytic activity and can lyze thrombi?&#10;A) Bradykinin&#10;B) Histamine&#10;C) Complement membrane attack complex&#10;D) Plasmin&#10;E) Prostaglandin

Accepted Answer

Plasmin has fibrinolytic activity and can lyse thrombi. Bradykinin is a vasoactive peptide, histamine is involved in allergic reactions, complement membrane attack complex is involved in immune defense, and prostaglandin is involved in inflammation and pain response.

Question 6

Granulomas consist of all the following cells except:&#10;A) Lymphocytes&#10;B) Macrophages&#10;C) Epithelioid cells&#10;D) Giant cells&#10;E) Polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Accepted Answer

Granulomas typically consist of lymphocytes, macrophages, epithelioid cells, and giant cells. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes are not commonly found in granulomas.

Question 7

Aspirin can inhibit some aspects of inflammation by inhibiting the synthesis of:&#10;A) Histamine&#10;B) Prostaglandin and thromboxane&#10;C) Serotonin&#10;D) Hageman factor&#10;E) Arachidonic acid

Accepted Answer

Aspirin inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandin and thromboxane via irreversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are involved in the arachidonic acid pathway and play a key role in the production of prostaglandins and thromboxane. These pro-inflammatory mediators are involved in pain, fever, and inflammation, so inhibiting their synthesis can result in the reduction of these symptoms.

Question 8

Which of the following is the most common cause of delayed healing of a skin wound caused by a traffic accident?&#10;A) Lack of vitamin&#10;B) Lack of vitamin C&#10;C) Zinc deficiency&#10;D) Infection&#10;E) Diabetes mellitus

Accepted Answer

Infection is the most common cause of delayed healing of a skin wound caused by a traffic accident. Infected wounds take longer to heal and can cause complications like tissue damage or sepsis. Adequate nutrition and control of underlying medical conditions like diabetes can also promote healing. However, infection is the primary factor that impedes the natural healing process.

Question 9

A bacterial throat infection (&#34;strep throat&#34;)is associated with a white exudate surrounded by reddened mucosa.This is an example of:&#10;A) Serous inflammation&#10;B) Fibrinous inflammation&#10;C) Abscess&#10;D) Gangrene&#10;E) Ulcerative inflammation

Accepted Answer

Fibrinous inflammation is characterized by the exudation of fibrinogen, which forms a fibrin meshwork that deposits on the affected tissue. This fibrin meshwork can look like a white exudate. In the case of strep throat, the fibrin meshwork is surrounded by reddened mucosa, as the inflammatory response causes increased blood flow to the area.

Question 10

Dilatation of arterioles results in:&#10;A) Anemia&#10;B) Hyperemia&#10;C) Vasoconstriction&#10;D) Hemorrhage&#10;E) Ischemia

Accepted Answer

Dilatation of arterioles results in hyperemia, which is an increase in blood flow to a particular tissue or organ. This is a normal physiological response seen during exercise or local inflammation. Anemia, vasoconstriction, hemorrhage, and ischemia are not the correct responses to arteriolar dilation.

Deck 2: Inflammation